I N C L U S - U S N O I W W W R O F A L L!. S A L T O - Y O U T H -. N E T A practical booklet for youth workers rs about setting up international youth projects in disadvantaged (sub)urban areas Download this and other SALTO Inclusion booklets for free from: www.salto-youth.net/inclusion/ SALTO-YOUTH I N C L U S I O N RESOURCE CENTRE Education and Culture
This document does not necessarily reflect the official views of the European Commission or the SALTO Inclusion Resource Centre or the organisations cooperating with them.
2 SALTO-YOUTH STANDS FOR Support and Advanced Learning and Training Opportunities within the Youth in Action programme. The European Commission created a network of eight SALTO-YOUTH Resource Centres to enhance the implementation of the European Youth in Action programme, which provides young people with valuable non-formal learning experiences. SALTO s aim is to support European Youth in Action projects in priority areas such as Cultural Diversity, Participation and Inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities, in regions such as EuroMed, South-East Europe or Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, with Training and Cooperation activities and with Information tools for National Agencies. In these European priority areas, SALTO-YOUTH provides resources, information and training for National Agencies and European youth workers. Several resources in the above areas are available at www.salto-youth.net. Find online the European Training Calendar, the Toolbox for Training and Youth Work, the OTLAS partner-finding database, Trainers Online for Youth and much more SALTO-YOUTH actively co-operates with other actors in European youth work such as the National Agencies of the Youth in Action programme, the Council of Europe, the European Youth Forum, European youth workers, trainers and training organisers. THE SALTO-YOUTH INCLUSION RESOURCE CENTRE WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ The SALTO Inclusion Resource Centre (in Belgium-Flanders) works together with the European Commission to include young people with fewer opportunities in the Youth in Action programme. SALTO-Inclusion also supports the National Agencies and youth workers in their inclusion work by providing the following resources: training courses on inclusion topics and for specific target groups at risk of social exclusion training and youth work methods and tools to support inclusion projects practical and inspiring publications for international inclusion projects up-to-date information on inclusion issues and opportunities via the Inclusion Newsletter support for policy and strategy development regarding inclusion topics an overview of trainers and resource people in the field of inclusion and youth bringing together stakeholders to make the inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities more effective and easier For more information and resources, have a look at the Inclusion pages at www.salto-youth.net/inclusion/
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Jumping into urban youth projects - Intro.......................................................... 4 SALTO Inclusion s target groups................................................................ 7 Urban youth identikit picture.............................................................. 10 Why go international with urban youth? - Benefits........................................................12 An eye-opener for urban young people...............................................................13 Window on the world for the urban community.............................................................. 16 Increased impact for urban youth organisations...............................................................17 Some project examples for inspiration.............................................................. 18 Setting up international youth projects Step-by-step...................................................... 28 First steps on the international scene.............................................................. 30 Finding project partners & building partnerships.............................................................. 32 Money for (international) urban youth projects.............................................................. 38 The YiA programme & Inclusion Strategy...............................................................41 Challenges in urban youth projects & Solutions........................................................ 44 Young people s motivation & participation.............................................................. 46 Overcoming foreign language barriers...............................................................55 Involving the local community.............................................................. 61 Risk assessment & conflict transformation.............................................................. 64 After the project It isn t finished!........................................................ 72 Follow-up let the process continue.............................................................. 73 Dissemination and exploitation of your project...............................................................75 Recognition of non-formal learning experiences.............................................................. 79 Hunger for more? References........................................................ 84 Further reading & online resources.............................................................. 84 A researcher s view on urban youth work.............................................................. 86 About the urban authors..............................................................90
YOUTH AND THE CITY WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ INTRO JUMPING URBAN YOUTH
INTRO JUMPING INTO URBAN YOUTH PROJECTS 5 INTO PROJECTS Youth gangs are killing each other in London, teenagers are burning cars in Paris, youth protestors are battered by police in Warsaw, shops are looted in Birmingham, young people take to the streets in Spain, a local war develops between police and some rough kids,... Something seems to be going wrong in the cities of Europe. Is it because too many people live together in areas that are too small? Is it because people are struggling for their rights in a system that is too big? Is it impossible for society to take care of everybody? Fact is that most of our cities have areas where life is not all that wonderful. Youth and the City is a practical booklet that supports youth workers in those disadvantaged (sub)urban areas to develop youth projects for change. This booklet is about giving young people positive opportunities, despite the desolate situation of their city area. International projects are very beneficial for young people, and certainly for those young people living in difficult city areas. But it s not only young people who will benefit from your projects; the local community and you & your organisation will too (see chapter Why go international with urban youth?, page 12). Once you are convinced that international youth projects are a method you would like to use for the urban youth work you are doing, you will probably ask yourself where to start. This booklet guides you through the different steps of Setting up international youth projects (page 28). You could try participating in someone else s project first (page 30) before you find your own project partners (page 32) And who will pay for all of this? I hear you say. There are quite a number of funding sources around for urban youth projects (page 38), and we would specifically like to highlight the European Youth in Action programme, which has Inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities as one of its priorities (page 41).
6 YOUTH AND THE CITY WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ Getting the partners and the money is one thing, running the project with city kids is another. Therefore, a large part of this booklet focuses on the challenges you might face as a youth worker setting up and implementing an international project, and solutions to counter those challenges (page 44). How to motivate the young peole to get involved? (page 46) How to overcome language barriers? (page 55) How to involve the local community? (page 61) How to ensure that nothing goes wrong? (page 64) An international youth project on its own will not change the world (of the young people) but when it is embedded in a whole process, you can make a difference for those kids. Therefore we also give you lots of tips and tricks for making the effects of the project last longer (page 72). Happy reading! If you find this booklet useful, share it with other urban youth workers. You can download it for free at www.salto-youth.net/inclusionforall/ Also find inspiration in the Urban Solutions booklet, the fruit of a research project about successful urban youth projects. www.salto-youth.net/urbansolutions/ SALTO Urban Youth Seminar
INTRO JUMPING INTO URBAN YOUTH PROJECTS 7 SALTO INCLUSION - FOCUSING ON DIFFERENT INCLUSION GROUPS The SALTO Inclusion Resource Centre s mission is to encourage the inclusion of ALL young people within the European Commission s Youth in Action programme. Various categories of young people are missing from international youth projects for a variety of reasons, for example those that come from a disadvantaged (sub)urban area. Helping young people to swim, instead of carrying them The European Commission s Inclusion Strategy for the Youth in Action programme lists a number of obstacles that young people can face, which prevent them from taking part in international YiA projects. These can include: Social obstacles: discrimination, limited social skills, anti-social behaviour, (ex-)offenders, young single parents, broken homes, etc. Economic obstacles: low standard of living, low income, dependent on social welfare, longterm unemployed, homeless, in debt, etc. Disability: mental, physical, sensory or other. Educational challenges: learning difficulties, early school-leavers, school dropouts, no qualifications, different cultural/linguistic background, etc. Cultural differences: young immigrants, refugees, national or ethnic minorities, linguistic adaptation and cultural inclusion problems, etc. Health problems: chronic health problems, severe illnesses, psychiatric conditions, mental health problems, etc. And last but not least: Geographical obstacles: remote or rural areas, but also urban problem zones: decaying city centres, suburban mass-housing estates, areas of social misery, districts with a high crime rate or lack of social networks etc.
8 YOUTH AND THE CITY WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ Find the European Commission s YiA Inclusion Strategy at www.salto-youth.net/inclusionstrategy/ The Youth in Action National Agencies and the SALTO Inclusion Resource Centre should take action to pave the way for more of these young people with fewer opportunities to become involved in the Youth in Action programme. In 2003, SALTO Inclusion started its target group approach, bringing together youth workers who work with groups of young people with specific disadvantages: young people with disabilities (2003), gay-lesbian-bisexual youth (2005), young ex-offenders (2006), young people from rural and geographically isolated areas (2007) young women from ethnic minorities (2008) unemployed young people (2009 & 2011) and youth in disadvantaged (sub)urban areas (2007 & 2012) Find a complete overview of the SALTO Inclusion courses at www.salto-youth.net/inclusioncourses/ Back in December 2007, the French National Agency, in cooperation with SALTO Inclusion, already organised an international seminar for youth workers on how to use international projects to work with young people in disadvantaged (sub)urban areas. Because of recent events, protests and riots, SALTO Inclusion decided to focus in 2012-2013 on solutions to challenges for young people in urban areas. This led to a variety of activities to support youth work interventions in (sub)urban areas.
INTRO JUMPING INTO URBAN YOUTH PROJECTS 9 A long-term training course on Urban Youth, in cooperation with the Hungarian and French National Agencies, reviewing urban youth work practices and inspiring new urban projects. Peer support for the inclusion officers of the Youth in Action National Agencies regarding outreach and work with organisations active in disadvantaged urban areas. A stakeholder seminar in Birmingham, bringing together urban youth workers, young people, social workers, policy, community workers and researchers. These activities fed into a research on the success criteria for urban youth work interventions, which you can find in the Urban Solutions publication. More about SALTO Inclusion s Urban Youth strategy at www.salto-youth.net/urbanstrategy/ This Youth and the City booklet draws largely upon the good practices presented by participants at these various urban youth activities. This basis was enriched by the input of experts, by contributions from the trainers team and by SALTO Inclusion expertise. This booklet aims to disseminate the ideas, practices and methods to a wider audience. This way, everybody can benefit from the SALTO investment and we hope that this booklet will help make international urban youth projects easier and better. Youth and the City is part of the SALTO Inclusion for ALL series of publications. Find the complete collection at www.salto-youth.net/inclusionforall/ SALTO Urban Youth Seminar
10 YOUTH AND THE CITY WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ URBAN YOUTH IDENTIKIT PICTURE OUR TARGET GROUP There is no clear picture of urban youth. Like an identikit picture, we can only put together different traits that young people from urban areas often seem to have. We prefer to focus, however, on the young person s situation, rather than their personal characteristics. We want to avoid the impression that the young people themselves are at fault, rather than the disadvantaged urban situation they are in. The element in common in our target group is that they live in a disadvantaged urban or suburban area. Many different people are crammed together in small spaces, often without any sense of community or common identity. There is little social contact with the neighbours and mutual social control or respect is lacking. Buildings suffer under instensive use and abuse and nobody feels responsible for them. There are too few jobs for too many people, and unemployment leads to social vulnerability. Young people from disadvantaged (sub)urban areas, often come from socio-economically poor families, facing the risk of continuing the vicious circle of limited opportunities. The parents don t have the money or ambition to give their children a good education and the school system is not able to offer the same opportunities for everybody. This leads to poor qualifications, which leads to poor economic prospects, etc. Young people are looking for ways out of this miserable situation and are easily tempted by drugs and alcohol to escape day-to-day life. Besides the fact that drugs and (under-age) alcohol negatively influence people s behaviour, they also cost money, especially when the young people are frequent users or are addicted. This means that they need to find money elsewhere, such as by trafficking or stealing. Social control and the rule of law are lacking in the anonymity of the city. A high crime rate is leading to a feeling of insecurity. The police are often not able to control the situation and increasingly use stop-and-search tactics on the streets, resulting in the stigmatisation of mostly migrant young men in disadvantaged urban areas.
INTRO JUMPING INTO URBAN YOUTH PROJECTS 11 There is little sense of belonging in high-rise social blocks where people are put together without any social facilities. Thus, young people might start to create their own sense of belonging to certain groups. This can be musical styles (e.g. hip hop, gangster rap, punk, ) or strong identity groups (gangs, religious groups,...). Last but not least, we want to stress that of course the situation in different cities is very different. In some cities, the disadvantaged areas are indeed the highrise social blocks, whereas in other countries, it is mainly the old, dilapidated city centres that house the disadvantaged urban youth that we are talking about. Some cities have gangs, whereas others have fundamentalist religious groups. We hope, however, that this chapter gives you an idea of the young people that we are talking about and the situations in which they live. More about urban youth and their issues in Axel Pohl s background text on youth work in (sub)urban areas. (page 86). SALTO Urban Youth Seminar The Urban Solutions research also gives an overview of the issues and the possible youth work interventions in (sub)urban areas: www.salto-youth.net/urbansolutions/.
12 YOUTH AND THE CITY WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ WHY GO INTERNATIONAL WITH URBAN YOUTH? BENEFITS
WHY GO INTERNATIONAL WITH URBAN YOUTH? BENEFITS 13 Urban youth organisations run many interesting, creative and fun activities through which young people develop many skills and competencies. They give young people interesting and alternative ways of spending their free time and play an important role in the personal development of young people. Local youth work is vital, so why go international with urban youth? International projects can provide some additional benefits to your urban youth work. A number of these benefits are identical for all young people but some are particularly valid for (sub)urban youth and urban youth organisations. AN EYE-OPENER FOR URBAN YOUNG PEOPLE Intercultural learning and widening horizons Through participation in international youth projects, young people discover new social and cultural realities, new people, new places, etc. An international youth activity can be a window on the world where young people have new experiences outside their own cities or suburbs. They learn that their way of doing things is just one of many. Knowing that things can be done differently (e.g. in different countries) can stimulate young people s creativity, encouraging them to find new solutions to old challenges. It can also increase their empathy, helping them to try and look at things from different perspectives. This is certainly also valid for urban youngsters. An international youth activity will make them reflect on their own place and may help them to generate new ideas. Through interaction with future friends from different cultures, young people build on their intercultural competencies. They also learn to react positively to differences. Even though many (sub)urban areas are culturally very mixed, the young people often only interact with others who have similar cultural and social backgrounds. An experience abroad helps the young people to reflect on their own cultural identity, to better understand the social and cultural background of others and to be more open-minded. International youth projects widen horizons and confront young people with their prejudices and stereotyped ideas and help them to overcome these. Young people learn to be respectful, tolerant and open to diversity. Part of widening horizons is, furthermore, the awareness of how important foreign language learning is. In addition, many young people become curious about other countries and cultures and want to explore more of them.
WHY GO INTERNATIONAL WITH URBAN YOUTH? BENEFITS More about using international projects to raise young people s employment chances in SALTO s Working on Work publication available from www.salto-youth.net/workingonwork/.
16 YOUTH AND THE CITY WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ WINDOW ON THE WORLD FOR THE URBAN COMMUNITY Young urban people taking part in international activities or organising a youth exchange in their (sub)urban area, for example, always educate their urban community too. They help to break stereotypes and prejudices in their neighbourhood and make their fellow inhabitants curious about other countries. The (sub)urban community benefits from the new initiatives. They can help to redynamise public life in the neighbourhood by developing an urban culture with the participation of the young people and involving inhabitants from different age groups and social and cultural backgrounds. You can involve the local community as a working method in international youth projects right from the beginning, for example through cooperation with other local NGOs, host families, visits to local projects, joint activities, etc. You will establish many new contacts with people surrounding your project. This leads to positive image-building of urban youth and youth activities, which are often only seen as disturbing. This way you can change the bad image people may have of your youngsters and break people s stereotyped views. More about positive image-building in SALTO s Images in Action booklet which is available from www.salto-youth.net/imagesinaction/. You can also show that there are many other opportunities, including international ones, for urban youth, such as international youth exchanges, seminars, training courses, internships and volunteer programmes. SALTO Urban Youth Seminar
WHY GO INTERNATIONAL WITH URBAN YOUTH? BENEFITS 17 INCREASED IMPACT FOR URBAN YOUTH ORGANISATIONS Profiling your organisation By being active on a European level, by receiving European funding (for your international projects) or by co-operating with organisations abroad, you raise your organisation s profile and visibility. Cooperation with the local authorities can also lead to their financial support. When urban youth organisations co-operate (on an international as well as on a national level) they benefit from a synergy effect which is crucial for their lobbying and advocacy work. United, you are always stronger and can get your message across more easily e.g. to city councils, local politicians, MEPs, International urban youth projects are great for encouraging organisations to increase their commitment to bigger issues in a wider context. For example, to develop common strategies to prevent violence or to redynamise social and cultural life in your (sub)urban area. In many cases, urban development strategies are exchanged and expanded, and local initiatives benefit from international exchanges and support. More about increasing the impact of your youth projects in SALTO s Making Waves booklet available at www.salto-youth.net/makingwaves/. Developing the organisation Contacts with different organisations and youth workers (abroad), through international youth activities, stimulate new ideas: for new projects, to inspire new working methods, to take fresh initiatives, to do things differently (or more efficiently). There is great potential to learn from one another. Organising an international youth project is a great opportunity for the youth workers involved to develop organisational and project management skills e.g. intercultural competence, international co-operation, etc. which can also be beneficial for other activities. Participation in projects with international partner organisations allows you to compare and to find out how good a job you are doing. The exchange of good practices and the design of common projects may lead your youth organisation to rethink its youth work practices to better meet the needs of urban youth. The experience of going abroad, organising and putting into practice an international youth project together with your young people can create great links between you, the youth worker, and the group. The gained trust can be very useful for future local work. Participation in an international project can be a welcome change from the type of work youth workers are doing. This international variation can motivate youth workers in their work and be a new challenge for them as well.
18 YOUTH AND THE CITY WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ SOME PROJECT EXAMPLES FOR INSPIRATION These examples are summaries of project presentations collected from participants at different Urban Youth Seminars. COMMUNITY PLACES - WHICH COLOUR FOR YOUR CITY? a youth exchange (Action 1.1 of the Youth in Action programme) between a German and Hungarian group organised by the Komlóstetói Kerékpáros Sport Klub (Hungary) The project focussed on the issue: What can we do with old derelict industrial spaces? In many countries, modernisation or economic downturn has left many big factories and industrial areas abandoned. Together with employment, also dynamism disappeared from these city areas. This project aimed to bring back some life to these neighbourhoods. Alternative use of industrial estates Young people participated in different creative activities such as photography, film making or drawing. They had to imagine what the future could look like in old industrial cities, as we can find them everywhere in Europe. They came up with a variety of reconversion ideas: use big industrial containers for diving, organise cultural performances in old factories and so on. At the same time as re-inventing industrial neighbourhoods, the participants also exchanged ideas and gained different skills and knowledge (languages, art and creativity, computer skills, European project management,...). In cooperation with the city of Miskolc, where the activity took place, the project organisers held lectures, small performances and exhibitions during the week of the exchange. The participants had the chance to show their work at the Gyárfesztivál that took place in an abandoned factory area, as well as in other places in the city. This stimulated quite some thinking about new ways to make use of old industrial buildings and areas.
WHY GO INTERNATIONAL WITH URBAN YOUTH? BENEFITS 19 STREET OLYMPICS a youth exchange (Action 1.1 of the Youth in Action programme) between young people from Slovenia, Austria, Czech Republic and Poland organised by the Youth Centre in Celje (Slovenia) The aim of the youth exchange was to organise street Olympics (different, alternative sports activities) and a festival in the city of Celje, also including the restoration of a public playground and musical activities, involving local youth. Challenges and solutions As the Polish group didn t speak English at all, the intercultural communication was quite difficult at the beginning of the exchange. This problem could more or less be overcome by group-building, sports activities and non-verbal communication. The other big challenge was getting local youngsters involved in the project, which was initially not easy to do, but after a while we were able to get them interested and people joined in. Benefits For the young people, it was a great opportunity to get to know youngsters from other countries, since people from this town hardly have the chance to travel. It was also very interesting and inspiring for them to discover exotic sports activities. This exchange motivated them to set up future initiatives. For the local community, the festival was a big event that brought together different ages. It wasn t just young people who attended, but older people were also able to discover breakdancing shows and hip-hop, for instance.
20 YOUTH AND THE CITY WWW.SALTO-YOUTH.NET/INCLUSION/ EUROPEAN VOLUNTARY SERVICE European Voluntary Service (EVS) (Action 2 of the Youth in Action programme) Volunteering abroad for a long period of time is not that easy for young people with fewer opportunities. Thus, EVS Short-Term projects were created to make voluntary service abroad more accessible to young people with special needs. When the placement is adapted to the volunteers needs, EVS can be a lever for change for many young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. More about adapting EVS to young people s needs in the SALTO Inclusion booklet Use your Hands to Move Ahead download it from www.salto-youth.net/useyourhands/ Some examples from Use your Hands to Move Ahead : GetBasic (Belgium) helps citizens to express their concerns about society in the media and on the web. Through different workshops they train citizen journalists. The European volunteer was part of the GetBasic video team and helped prepare workshops and media camps. The citizen journalists report about issues like citizenship, climate change and cultural diversity. The volunteer zoomed in on the yearly Zinneke parade in Brussels, an artistic and social experiment that celebrates cultural diversity in the city. Sustainable urban lifestyles was a Hungarian project about responsible consumer behaviour. The volunteers helped implement awareness campaigns about a variety of topics such as environmental problems and solutions, community gardens, sustainable city living, More specifically, the volunteers took to Summer Festivals with flyers, they wrote blogs and articles, they developed a green map of Budapest (with all eco-friendly shops and services) and they organised practical workshops about soap-making and recycling.
WHY GO INTERNATIONAL WITH URBAN YOUTH? BENEFITS 21 TIME FOR A BRUSSELS SPRING A youth initiative project (Action 1.2 of the Youth in Action programme), organised by Comac in Brussels (Belgium). Inspired by the Arab revolutions and the Spanish protests, Comac wanted to create a space for youth expression in the popular neighbourhoods in Brussels. The idea is that young people have the potential to intervene in their own urban areas if they get the chance to discuss burning issues and train themselves to make a difference. The project is about giving young people the responsibility for their neighbourhoods. Power to the young people Young people are not interested in the traditional youth centres anymore. They only try to keep young people off the street with their activities. Maybe it helps to make the streets calmer, but it doesn t change the streets. Comac trains young people to become activists and take up responsibility for their own neighbourhoods and for their own lives. This training comprises practical information (about rights, public services, violence, ) but also skills to organise different events (festivals, workshops, etc.) Challenges The challenge is to find spaces for our activities. Each time we want to propose a workshop, we have to look for a venue that we can use to carry out this activity. We have approached different municipalities to use their spaces, but they are reluctant to cooperate because of our alternative approach to neighbourhood intervention. A regular place would make our work more easily accessible (only one reference place) and better recognised (people identify the activity more with Comac if there is one reference place).