Psykologiske test et skematisk overblik Psykologisk testning, eksamen 1 juni 2007 Fork Navn Hvem, Intelligenstests WAIS-III WISC-III WPPSI-R Wechslers Adult Intelligencs Scale Wechslers Intelligence Scale for Children Wechslers Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 1939 1959 1981 1997 1949 1974 1991? 1989 Intelligens test for voksne Intelligens test for børn Intelligens test for småbørn: diagnosis of mental deficit in preschool 16-89 10+3+1: Verbal 6: Info Vocab Simil Arithm Digit span Compr (-) Perform 5: Pict compl Digit sym Block des Matrix re Pict arr (-) 3-7 7-18 Total: Mean:100 SD: 15 Subtests Mean:15 SD: 3 10+3 Som WAIS-III 3-7,3 12 Som WAIS-III IQ scores: VIQ: 6 PIQ : 5 Total IQ: 11 Index scores: VCI, Verbal Compr: 3 POI, Perceptual Organi: 3 WMI, Working Mem: 3 PSI, processing speed: 2 VC, Verbal Compr: 4 PO, Percep Org, 4 FD, Freed of distract, 2 PS, Process Speed, 2 IQ PIQ VIQ 1997 2600 personer 1991 2200 børn 1989 1700 børn Split-half Test-retest IQ, VIQ, PIQ + Index: >9 Subtests: 7 Som WAIS- III Split-half IQ, VIQ, PIQ: >9 Subtests: 7 WAIS-R mm WISC-R mm WPPRI mm
Fork Navn Hvem, RPM CPM SPM APM MHV Kogn tests WCST mfl MMSE CAMCOG - del af CAMDEX Personlighedstests, structured Raven Progressive Matrices: - Coloured - Standard - Advanced Ravens Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale Winsconsin Card Sorting Task Minimental State Exam Cambridge Cognitive Examination 1938 Intelligence: eductive ability Intelligence: Reproductive ability? Executive functions, abstract thinking, ability to shift set? Mental status: Diagnosticere/ forudsige risiko for demens? Mental status: Diagnosticere / forudsige risiko for demens Executive functioning; Cognitive functioning Også god til screening og tidlig detection CPM: 5-11 SPM: 6- APM: for superior intellect CPM: 36 items SPM: 60 items grouped in 5 sets APM: 12+36 items? g? eductive ability? g? Reproductive ability Opdateret recently, but questioned Large sample of US norms? Split-half: Adults: 0,65-0,94 Test-retest: Adults: 0,80-0,93 For Children: Much lower! Voksne 1????? Ældre 30 items, very easy 5-10 minutes Ældre 20 minutes Max score: 107 1-30 Cutting score of 23 lofteffekt Cutting score of 80/81 or SD=4,41 ingen lofteffekt Several sources Excellent, 0,89-0,99 Much research Påvirket af: - Udd (ja) - Køn (nej) - SEM (lidt) - Location (lidt) Cutting score of 23 gives 80-90% korrekt diagnose?? Huppert: Cuttoff: 80/81: sens: 93%, spec: 87% Lolk: Individuelt cutt-off: SD=- 4,41 1 1 CAMCOG DART + SC + Age + Gen knowledge + Mat status n man kender alle disse faktorer, kan man vurdere om en bestemt CAMCOG score er høj eller lav, altså om der er risiko for demens
Fork Navn Hvem, Factor derived: NEO-PI-R SCL-90 Criterion keyed: MMPI-2 NEO Personal Inventori Revised Symptom Checklist 90- R Minnesoda Multifacet Personality Inventory 2 1986 1991 1949 1989 Personlighedstest, baseret på 5- faktormodellen - research - klinisk diagnose: borderline, opmærksomheds forstyrr Quickly assessment of a patients type + level of symptoms Not personality Personality inventory, designed originally as aid in psychiatric diagnosis Also used for description on normal personality Nu: normalområdet, ej psykiatri! Voksne? F-form + S-form, 5 domains * 6 facets * 8 statements, 240 items, 3 additional validity Voksne 90 descr 15 min 567 items, spørgsmål, true-false, mostly selfreferential, 1-1½ hour Likert : 5-point dimensions, T-score: Mean = 50 SD = 10 Likert T-score True-false, T-score, Mean =50, SD = 15 T > 65 attension 5 domain scales: Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousnes s + 6 facets/traits pr domain Factor analysis : Se efter ekstremer: <=35; >=65 9 dimentions of symptoms 3 global index T > 63 på 2 eller flere signifikant level of distress Factor analyser: cluster A og B 4 validity scales:?, L, F, K 10 clinical scales: Hs, Hypocondria D, Depression Pd, Psychopathic Mf, Mascul-Femi Pa, Paranoia Pt,Psychosthensi a Sc, Schizofreni Ma, Hypomania Si, Social introv 1986 1989: 405 voksne i 1989 + 1990, 329 (pc) i 1990 + 1991, 1529 Intern consistency: domain: 0,86-0,95 facet: 0,56-0,90 Validity: smln self-spouse, other tests, 5- factor model Mgl validity scale A,B,C,D High korr with Becks depr inv Low with psychoticism NB: Ved hjerneskade og SCL: her scores også højt på OCD og depri 1949: Designed by psychiatric groups (N 50) + 724 control subjects 1989: N = 2600 Int consist coef (alpha): 0,7 s - 0,8 s Also 0,3 s Test-retest: one week, coeff: 0,5 s - 09 s MMPI and MMPI-2 correlates = 0,99 Validity scales will likely maintain its status as the premiere instrument
Fork Navn Hvem, MCMI-III Personlighedstests, Projective approaches Association: Rorschach HIT Millon Clinical Multiaxional Inventory III The Rorschach Holtzman Inkblot Technique 1977 Psychiatric diagnosis, Scales organized to identify clinical pattern a la DSM- IV Til ej-normale; må dog ikke stå alene ved diagnosticering 1921 Derive psychiatric diagnosis, estimate prognosis for psychotherapy, obtain an index for primary process thinking, predict suicide, formulate complex personality structures, Voksne 5-up, mest voksne 175 items 20-30 min 10 inkblots, many answers per blot 7 sorthvide, 3 farvede? Same as Rorschach? 2 forms A,B with 45 cards in each 1 answer per blot T-score, Mean =50, SD = 15 Location Determinan t Populærsva r Z-score Content Special Specialscen e Form Psykisk energi pr svar 27 skalaer: Clin pers 11 Sev pers 3 Clin syndr 7 Sev syndr 3 Validity 3 Base rate 0-115: >75: some features present >85: diagnosis Indexes: SCZI = Skizo DEPI = depri PTI = per th CDI = coping S-Con = suicide HVI = paranoid OBS = OCD F+ percent (ego strength) mmm EA = Stress EB = Coping 22 different variables Diagnostic groups + reference gr (diagnostic), N= 1079 Ny norm pga DSM- IV Internal consistency coefficient = 0,82-0,90 Test-retest, one week, = 0,81-0,87? Many, many studies, some say high some say low reliability Reported separately for diff groups Normal and patients N: [90;252] Inter-scorer = 095-1,00 Split-half = 0,7-0,8 Test-retest = 0,36-0,81 MCMI-III good for diagnosis of personality disorders MCMI-2 good for acute clinical syndromes Many, many studies, some say high some say low predictive validity Vigtigt for validitet: >14 svar Between HIT score and independent measures of personality Good as aid to psychodiagnosis
Fork Navn Hvem, HIT 25 - Recent Diagnosis of schizophrenia Completion technique: RIBS P-F Study Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study 1950? Detecting maladjustment Personlighedsdynamik Konfliktstof Kogn stile ønsker, behov, frygt, holdning 1977? Assess the examinee s characteristic manner of frustration aggression? 25 cards, A, two answers per blot High school, college, adults Børn, unge, voksne 3 forms H,C,A, 40 sentences 3 forms B,U,V, 24 pictures +1 for normal -1 for schizo Omission:0 Conflict: 4,5,6 Positive: 2,1,0 Neutral:0 total Cut-off = 0?? Cross-validation studies would be welcome Maladjustment index Cutt-off 135 Formelle træk Kogn stil Selvopfattelse Konfliktløsningsstrategier? Directions : extraggressive intraggressive imaggressive Types : obstacledominant ego-defencive need-persistent 9 categories + Overall dir and types + Group Conformity Rating (GCR) Outdated! Good Interscorer = 0,9 s Splithalf = 0,8 s? Interscorer = 0,8-0,85 Test-retest = low-fair Because of low reliability, P-F Study should be used for research only Maladjustment cut-off at 135 Heavy drug users cut-off at 135 God til at vurdere psykoterapeutisk e muligheder Huge body validity research
Fork Navn Hvem, Constructio n technique: TAT T-TAT: (African American) TEMAS: (Hispanic) Ordassociationsprøven PPT Thematic Apprehensio n Test Picture Projective Test Murray 1938? 1950?? Originally designed to assess construct such as needs and press Analyse af den cognitive stil Forsvarsmekanisme r Moderne psykoanalyse I stedet for needs og press Bevidste og ubevidste konfliktområder ass temaer General-purpose instrument with improved psychometric qualities Males Females Boys Girls 30 pictures 29 situations 1 blank 20 cards for each group 10 den 1 dag + 10 næste dag 70 ordstimulus 3 faser: - sige ord - gentage - uddybe? 36 different needs and various aspects for press Kognitiv stile (DIAH)? The psychometri c adequacy is difficult to evaluate due to lack of one system Reliability: test-retest = 0,28 Lav interscore rel? 30 pictures?? Som TAT?? Research needed Validity: God n god prøve og god tolker Ej test, kun prøve 97% of users employ personalized interpretation risk of overdiagnose psychiatric disturbance Anne Thompson: Affect Maturity Scale Velegnet til at afdække regressive træk i tænkningen + især psykotiske pt og skizofrene Diagnostic validity study: compared with TAT: PPT were superior in differentiating psychotics form normal, and depressives
Fork Navn Hvem, Apperceptio n technique: CAT CAT-A CAT-C Expression technique: DAP DAP:SPED H-T-P Children s Apperceptio n Test Draw-A- Person :Screening Procedure for Emotional Disturbance The House- Tree-Person Test Bellak? 1991? 1949 Karen Machove r 1948 Buck Extension of TAT For små børn DAP: Assessment of personality DAP:SPED: Screening of children suspected of behaviour disorder and emotional disturbances Originally: Measure intelligence Later: Projective measure of personality 3-10 CAT-A: younger CAT-C: older children 10 pictures: animals / humans? 1) draw a person 2) draw a person of opp sex 3) tell a story? 4 papers, 2 forms, 1 form with postdrawin g No formal scoring system Synthesis of 10 varibles recorded for each story? An entirely clinical-intuitive manner, guided by a number of tentative PD based theories? 3 assumptions: House: home life and interfamilial relationship Tree: the environment Person: interpersonal relationships? No data on reliability? Not much research? Reliability: Attempts have failed No data on validity: troublesome for some Not much research, and not much empirically support Validity: Attempts have failed