Europaisches Patentamt J European Patent Office Publication number: 0 226 9 0 3 Office europeen des brevets B1 EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of publication of patent specification: 26.09.90 Application number: 86116854.0 Date of filing: 04.12.86 mtci.5: G01 N 33/569, G 01 N 33/543, G 01 N 33/546 Immunoassay for antibodies to HTLV-III. Priority: 20.12.85 US 811240 Date of publication of application: 01.07.87 Bulletin 87/27 Publication of the grant of the patent: 26.09.90 Bulletin 90/39 Designated Contracting States: BE DE FR IT References cited: EP-A-0 181 150 EP-A-0187 041 EP-A-0 199 438 WO-A-86/06099 Proprietor: ABBOTT LABORATORIES 14th Street and Sheridan Road North St North Chicago Illinois 60064 (US) (72) Inventor: Dawson, George L. 15670 Sprucewood Lane Libertyville Illinois 60048 (US) (74) Representative: Modiano, Guido et al MODIANO, JOSIF, PISANTY & STAUB Modiano & Associati Via Meravigli, 1 6 1-20123 Milano (IT) CO o o> <0 CM CM O Q. LU Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid (Art. 99(1) European patent convention). Courier Press, Leamington Spa, England.
Description EP 0 226 903 B1 Background of the Invention Since human T-cell lymphotropic virus-ill (HTLV-III) has been determined to be the probable causative 5 agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), several diagnostic immunoassays for antibodies to HTLV-III (anti-htlv-lll) have emerged. In U.S. Patent No. 4,520,113, three assays for anti-htlv-lll are described. These assays are a strip radioimmunoassay based on the Western Blot technique, an linked enzymeimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The problem with these previous assay methods is that they result in a small percentage of false w positives due to non-specific reactions caused by techniques or reagents. One example of such a nonspecific reaction is the reaction between patients' samples and H-9 cellular protein materials in which the HTLV-III virus has been propagated for use as a reagent in the above-mentioned methods. Since the report of a positive anti-htlv-lll assay can be devastating to a patient, all reactive samples should be confirmed as true positives by at least two assay procedures. Presently, test samples are most 15 commonly screened by an ELISA method. Repeatedly reactive specimens are then confirmed by the Western Blot procedure. The Western Bolt procedure generally described by Towbin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 76: 4350 (1979), requires sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate HTLV-III viral proteins based on their molecular weight. The separated HTLV-III proteins are then transferred to a 20 nitrocellulose sheet by a second electrophoretic procedure. The nitrocellulose sheet is cut into strips and reacted with the test sample and then with a second antibody such as a radio-labeled goat anti-human IgG. The disadvantages of the Western Blot procedure for detecting anti-htlv-lll are that it requires subjective interpretation, it is both complex and time-consuming to perform, and it is difficult to control variations in the composition of the HTLV-III viral proteins and performance of the test. Therefore, a need 25 exists for both a more specific immunoassay procedure for anti-htlv-lll and a simple second method for confirming repeatedly reactive samples. Summary of the Invention The invention is a competitive immunoassay method for detection of antibody to HTLV-III in a 30 biological sample comprising at least two detection systems. One detection system comprises: a) coating a solid support with recombinant p24 protein expressed in coli; b) contacting the p24-coated solid support with the biological sample and anti-htlv-lll-p24 coniuqated to a label; and c) detecting the label to determine the presence of anti-htlv-lll-p24 in the sample. 35 The other detection system comprises: a) coating a solid support with recombinant p41 protein expressed in coli; b) contacting the p41 -coated solid support with the biological sample and anti-htlv-lll-p41 coniuqated to a label; and c) detecting the label to determine the presence of anti-htlv-lll-p41 in the sample. 40 The detection of antibody to HTLV-lll-p24 in the one detection system or antibody to HTLV-lll-p41 in the other detection system, or both, indicates the presence of anti-htlv-lll in the sample. In a preferred embodiment, the solid support of one detection system is first coated with anti-htlv-lllp24, and the solid support of the other detection system is first coated with anti-htlv-lll-p41 in order to enhance the coating of recombinant p24 and p41 proteins respectively on the solid 45 supports. Biological samples which are easily tested by the method of the present invention include human and animal body fluids. Solid supports which can be used in the immunoassay of the invention include wells of reaction trays, test tubes, beads, strips or other solid supports which are well known to those skilled in the art. Labels which can be used in the above-described assay include enzymes, radioisotopes and fluorescent labels. 50 Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are useful as reagents in the present invention. Also, IgG and IgM antibodies may be used. In other preferred embodiment of the present invention, both detection systems of the invention are located on the same solid support. Detailed Description of the Invention 55 The following examples are illustrative of the immunoassay of the present invention. Example I This example demonstrates an immunoassay for anti-htlv-lll in a human biological sample consisting of two solid phase detection systems. The first solid phase system comprises the following procedure: 60 1. A 6.35 mm (J inch) polystyrene bead is first coated with anti-htlv-lll-p24 and then with the recombinant core structural protein of HTLV-III primarily encompassing the p24 region. The p24-coated bead is then contacted with 50 ul serum, plasma, or other biological sample and 200 ul anti-htlv-lll-p24 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) for 1 to 24 hours and preferably 16 to 22 hours at a temperature range of 15 C to 45 C. The bead is then washed three times with 5.0 ml distilled water to 65 remove any unbound sample or labeled antibody.
2. The washed bead is contacted with 300 ul of o-phenylenediamine-hydrogen peroxide solution which forms a yellow-colored product in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, and after incubating for approximately 30 minutes at room temperature, 1 ml of 0.5 m (1 N) H2SO4 is added. 3. Absorbance is read at 492 nm using a standard spectophotometer. 5 The second solid phase system comprises the following procedure: 1. A 6.35 mm (I inch) polystyrene bead is first coated with anti-htlv-lll-p41 and then with the recombinant envelope protein of HTLV-III primarily encompassing the p41 region. The p41 -coated bead is then contacted with 50 ul serum, plasma or other biological fluid and 200 ul anti-htlv-lll-p41 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) for 1 to 24 hours and preferably 16 to 22 hours at a temperature range of to 20 C to 45 C. The bead is then washed three times with 5 ml distilled water to remove any unbound sample. 2. The washed bead is contacted with 300 ul of o-phenylenediamine-hydrogen peroxide solution which forms a yellow-colored product in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, and after incubating for approximately 30 minutes at room temperature, 1 ml of 0.5 m (1 N) HZSO4 is added. 3. Absorbance is read at 492 nm using a standard spectrophotometer. 75 In each detection system, the antibody of interest (anti-htlv-lll-p24 and anti-htlv-lll-p41) competes with the corresponding labeled antibody (anti-htlv-lll-p24-hrpo and anti-htlv-lll-p41-hrpo) for a number of binding sites on the coated bead. Therefore, the intensity of color developed in each detection system is inversely related to the amount of anti-htlv-lll-p41 and anti-htlv-lll-p24 in the sample. A positive reaction in either detection system or both indicates a positive test for anti-htlv-lll. 20 Example II This example demonstrates the specificity of the present invention. Serum samples from patients with AIDS, patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), a condition which often precedes the development of full-blown AIDS and normal subjects were tested with the immunoassay described in Example I (Assay 25 A), with a commercially available enzyme immunoassay for anti-htlv-lll, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois (Assay B) and by the Western Blot procedure (Assay C). All 91 of the AIDS patients' samples were positive by the Assay B procedure; 90 of 91 samples were positive by the Assay C procedure; and all samples were positive utilizing the Assay A procedure of the present invention (Table 1). In the first detection system of the invention (which detects antibodies to HTLV-lll-p24) 10 of 41 30 samples from individuals with AIDS were positive, while all 91 samples were positive utilizing the second detection system of the invention (which detects antibodies to HTLV-lll-p41). Since a positive reaction in either detection system indicates a positive result, all samples were defined as positive by the inventive assay procedure. All 62 samples from LAS patients were positive utilizing Assays A, B and C. None of the 375 samples 35 from normal subjects had detectable antibody by Assays A, B and C. Thus, utilizing the assay of the present invention, all sera from AIDS patients and patients with LAS were detected as positive, while none of the sera from normal subjects were detected as positive. Example III 40 Samples of serum or plasma from blood donors which were repeatedly reactive in a commercially available enzyme immunoassay for anti-htlv-lll (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois), were tested with the present invention and by the Western Blot procedure (Table 2). Among these repeatedly reactive samples, 232 samples were negative by Western Blot and by the double detection system assay of the present invention. One sample which had an undeterminable reaction by the Western Blot procedure, was 45 positive in the assay of the present invention, being reactive in both detection systems. Of the 118 samples confirmed positive by the Western Blot procedure, all 118 were also positive utilizing the present invention. so TABLE 1 Positive/Total 55 Assay A Samples Anti-p24 Anti-p41 Assay B Assay C Normal Subjects 0/375 0/375 0/375 0/375 60 AIDS 10/41 91/91 91/91 90/91 LAS 10/14 62/62 62/62 62/62 65
TABLE 2 Comparison of Western Blot Procedure vs. Double Detection System Assay 10 15 20 Samples Positive in Positive in Positive in (repeatedly reactive Either or Both System 1 System 2 n = 351) Detection Systems (anti-p24) (anti-p41) Western Blot negative 0/232 0/232 0/232 (n = 232) Western Blot positive 118/118 102/118 115/118 (n = 118) Western Blot undeter- 1/1 1/1 1/1 minable (n = 1) The identification of biological samples which are positive for anti-htlv-lll is important in the 25 screening and protection of human blood supplies. This assay enables a quick screening procedure as well as a second confirmatory assay for detecting true positive samples for anti-htlv-lll. Claims 30 1. A method for detecting antibody to HTLV-III in a biological sample, comprising at least two detection systems, one detection system comprising: a. coating a solid support with recombinant p24 protein expressed in E. coli; b. contacting the p24-coated solid support with a biological sample and anti-htlv-lll-p24 conjugated to a label; and 35 c. detecting the label to determine the presence of anti-htlv-lll-p24 in the sample; and the other detection system comprising: d. coating a solid support with recombinant p41 protein expressed in E. coli; e. contacting the p41 -coated solid support with the biological sample and anti-htlv-lll-p41 conjugated to a label; and 40 f. detecting the label to determine the presence of anti-htlv-lll-p41 in the sample; wherein the presence of anti-htlv-lll in either or both detection systems indicates the presence of anti- HTLV-lll in the sample. 2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the solid support of step a. is first coated with anti-htlv-lll-p24 and then with the recombinant p24 protein; and the solid support of step d. is first coated with anti-htlv-lll-p41 45 and then with the recombinant p41 protein. 3. The method of Claim 1 wherein the labels of the two detection systems are enzymes, radioisotopes or fluorescent labels. 4. The method of Claim 1 wherein both detection systems are located on one solid support. 5. A method for detecting antibody to HTLV-III in a biological sample comprising at least two detection so systems, the first detection system comprising: a. first coating a polystyrene bead with anti-htlv-lll-p24 and then with recombinant p24 protein expressed in coli; b. contacting the bead with a biological sample and anti-htlv-lll-p24 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase; 55 c. washing the bead; d. contacting the washed bead with o-phenylenediamine-hydrogen peroxide solution to form a yellowcolored product; and e. detecting the absorbance of the yellow-colored product to determine the presence of anti-htlv-lllp24 in the sample; 60 and the second detection system comprising: f. first coating a polystyrene bead with anti-htlv-lll-p41 and then with recombinant p41 protein expressed in E. coli; g. contacting the bead with a biological sample and anti-htlv-lll-p41 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase; 65 h. washing the bead;
i. contacting the washed bead with o-phenylenediamine-hydrogen peroxide solution to form a yellowcolored product; and j. detecting the absorbance of the yellow-colored product to determine the presence of anti-htlv-lllp41 in the sample. 5 6. The method of Claim 5 wherein the first and second detection systems are located on the same bead. 7. An immunoassay for detecting antibody to HTLV-III in a biological sample comprising at least two detection systems, the first detection system comprising: a. a solid support coated with recombinant p24 protein expressed in E. coir and b. anti-htlv-lll-p24 conjugated to a label; to and the second detection system comprising: c. a solid support coated with recombinant p41 protein expressed in coli; and d. anti-htlv-lll-p41 conjugated to a label. 8. The immunoassay of Claim 7 wherein the solid support of the first detection system is first.coated with anti-htlv-lll-p24 and then coated with the recombinant p24 protein, and the solid support of the 15 second detection system is first coated with anti-htlv-lll-p41 and then coated with the recombinant p41 protein. 9. The immunoassay of Claim 7 wherein the labels of the first and second detection systems are enzymes, radioisotopes or fluorescent labels. 10. The immunoassay of Claim 7 wherein the first and second detection systems are located on the 20 same solid support. Patentanspriiche 25 1 Ein Verfahren zum Nachweis eines Antikoropers von HTLV-III in einer biologischen Probe, enthaltend zumindest zwei Nachweissysteme, wovon das eine Nachweissystem enthalt: a. Beschichten eines festen Tragers mit rekombinantem p24 Protein exprimiert in coli, b. Kontaktieren des p24-beschichteten festen Tragers mit einer biologischen Probe und Antj-HTLV-lllp24 konjugiert an einen Marker und 30 c. Nachweisen des Markers, urn die Anwesenheit von Anti-HTLV-lll-p24 in der Probe zu bestimmen, und worm das andere Nachweissystem enthalt: d. Beschichten eines festen Tragers mit rekombinantem p41 Protein exprimiert in coli, e. Kontaktieren des p41-beschichteten festen Tragers mit einer biologischen Probe und Anti-HTLV-lllp41 konjugiert an einen Marker, und 35 f. Nachweisen des Markers, urn die Anwesenheit von Anti-HTLV-lll-p41 in der Probe zu bestimmen worm die Anwesenheit von Anti-HTLV-lll in einer oder beiden Nachweissystemen die Anwesenheit Anti-HTLV-lll von in der Probe anzeigt. 2u^aw,^erfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin der feste Trager des Schritts a. zuerst beschichtet wird mit Anti-HTLV-lll-p24 und dann mit dem rekombinanten p24 Protein und worin der feste Trager des Schritts d 40 zuerst beschichtet wird mit Anti-HTLV-lll-p41 und dann mit dem rekombinanten p41 Protein. 3. Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin die Marker der zwei Nachweissysteme Enzyme, Radioisotope oder Fluoreszenzmarker sind. 4. Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, > worin beide Nachweissysteme -. --wiuwywt.willumuiwiiiwiiil* auf einen festen Olt^llllOMdl Trager lokalisiert SI fid. UtXtl IOICI t 45 5. Ein Verfahren zum Nachweis eines Antikorpers von HTLV-III in einer biologischen Probe, enthaltend. -...v. ^WIU wwi ii ii_* in hi cmci zumindest uiuiuy iooi ici i nuuc, cm lllldlltmlu zwei Nachweissysteme, wovon das erste Nachweissystem enthalt: a. zuerst Beschichten einer Polystyrolperle mit Anti-HTLV-lll-p24 und dann mit rekombinantem Pvnrimiort In P /--i// r p24 Protein, exprimiert in coli, b. Kontaktieren der Perle mit einer biologischen Probe und Anti-HTLV-lll-p24 konjuqiert an so Meerrettichbperoxidase, c. Waschen der Perle, d. Kontaktieren der gewaschenen Perle mit einer o-phenylendiamin-wasserstoffperoxidiosung unter Bildung eines gelbgefarbten Produktes und e. Nachweisen der Absorption des gelbgefarbten Produktes, urn die Anwesenheit von Anti-HTLV-lll- 55 p24 in der Probe zu bestimmen, und wovon das zweite Nachweissystem enthalt: f. zuerst Beschichten einer Polystyrolperle mit Anti-HTLV-lll-p41 und dann mit rekombinantem p41 Protein, exprimiert in coli, g. Kontaktieren der Perle mit einer biologischen Probe und Anti-HTLV-lll-p41 konjuqiert an Meerrettich- 6o peroxidase, h. Waschen der Perle, i. Kontaktieren der gewaschenen Perle mit einer o-phenylendiamin-wasserstoffperoxidlosunq unter Bildung eines gelbgefarbten Produktes und j. Nachweisen der Absorption des gelbgefarbten Produktes, urn die Anwesenheit von Anti-HTLV-lll-p41 65 in der Probe zu bestimmen.
6. Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, worin das erste und zweite Nachweissystem auf derselben Perle lokalisiert sind. 7. Ein Immunoassay zum Hachweis eines Antikoropers von HTLV-III in einer biologischen Probe, enthaitend zumindest zwei Nachweissysteme, wovon das erste Nachweissystem enthalt. 5 a. einen festen Trager beschichtet mit rekombinantem p24-protein exprimiert in coli, und b. Anti-HTLV-lli-p24 konjugiert an einen Marker, un wovon das zweite Nachweissystem enthalt: c. einen festen Trager beschichtet mit rekombinantem p41 -Protein exprimiert in coli, und d. Anti-HTLV-lll-p41 konjugiert an einen Marker. 8. Der Immunoassay nach Anspruch 7, worin der feste Trager des ersten Nachweissystems zuerst mit w Anti-HTLV-lll-p24 beschichtet wird und dann mit dem rekombinanten p24 Protein beschichtet wird und worin der feste Trager des zweiten Nachweissystems zuerst mit Anti-HTLV-lll-p41 beschichtet wird und dann mit dem rekombinanten p41 Protein beschichtet wird. 9. Der Immunosassay nach Anspruch 7, worin die Marker des ersten und zweiten Nachweissystems Enzyme, Radioisotope und Fluoreszenzmarker sind. is 10. Der Immunoassay nach Anspruch 7, worin das erste und zweite Nachweissystem auf demselben festen Trager lokalisiert sind. Revendications 20 1. Un procede pour detecter I'anticorps du HTLV-III dans un echantillon biologique comprenant au moms deux systemes de detection, I'un des systemes de detection comprenant: a. le reyetement d'un support solide avec la proteine p24 recombinante exprimee dans le coli; b. la mise en contact du support solide revetu de p24 avec un echantillon biologique et I'anti-HTLV-lllp24 conjugue a un marqueur; et 25 c. la detection du marqueur pour determiner la presence de l'anti-htlv-lll-p24 dans I'echantillonet I'autre systeme de detection comprenant: d. le revetement d'un support solide avec la proteine p41 recombinante exprimee dans le coli; e. la mise en contact du support solide revetu de p41 avec un echantillon biologique et I'anti-HTLV-lllp41 conjugue a un marqueur; et 30 f. la detection du marqueur pour determiner la presence de l'anti-htlv-lll-p41 dans I'echantillon; la presence de I'anti-HTLV-lll dans I'un ou I'autre systeme de detection ou dans les deux indiquant la presence de I'anti-HTLV-lll dans I'echantillon. 2. Le procede selon la revendication 1, selon lequel le support solide de I'etape a. est tout d'abord revetu avec l'anti-htlv-lll-p24, puis avec la proteine p24 recombinante; et le support solide de I'etape d. est 35 tout d'abord revetu avec l'anti-htlv-lll-p41 et ensuite avec la proteine p41 recombinante. 3. Le procede selon la revendication 1, selon lequel les marqueurs des deux systemes de detection sont des enzymes, des radioisotopes ou des marqueurs fluorescents. 4. Le procede selon la revendication 1, selon lequel les deux systemes de detection sont localises sur un support solide. 40 5. Un procede pour detecter I'anticorpos du HTLV-III dans un echantillon biologique comprenant au moins deux systemes de detection, le premier systeme de detection comprenant: a. en premier lieu le revetement d'une perle de polystyrene avec l'anti-htlv-lll-p24, puis avec la proteine p24 recombinante exprimee dans le coli; b. la mise en contact de la perle avec un echantillon biologique et l'anti-htlv-lll-p24 conjugue a la 45 peroxydase de raifort; c. le lavage de la perle; d. la mise en contact de la perle lavee avec un solution de o-phenylenediamine-peroxyde d'hydrogene pour former un produit colore en jaune; et e. la detection de I'absorbance du produit colore en jaune pour determiner la presence de I'anti-HTLV- 50 Ill-p24 dans I'echantillon; et le second systeme de detection comprenant: f. en premier lieu le revetement d'une perle de polystyrene avec l'anti-htlv-lll-p41, puis avec la proteine p41 recombinante exprimee dans le coli; g. la mise en contact de la perle avec un echantillon biologique et avec l'anti-htlv-lll-p41 conjugue a la 55 peroxydase de raifort; h. le lavage de la perle; i. la mise en contact de la perle lavee avec un solution de o-phenylenediamine-peroxyde d'hydrogene pour former un produit colore en jaune; et j. la detection de I'absorbance du produit colore en jaune pour determiner la presence de I'anti-HTLV- 60 IN-p41 dans I'echantillon. 6. Le procede selon la revendication 5, selon lequel les premier et second systemes de detection sont localises sur la meme perie. 7. Un procede de dosage immunologique pour detecter I'anticorps du HTLV-III dans un echantillon biologique comprenant au moins deux systemes de detection, le premier systeme de detection 65 comprenant:
a. un support solide revetu de proteine p24 recombinante exprimee le E. coli; et b. l'anti-htlv-lll-p24 conjugue a un marqueur; et le second systeme de detection comprenant: c. un support solide revetu de proteine p41 recombinante exprimee dans le coli; et 5 d. l'anti-htlv-lll-p41 conjugue a un marqueur. 8. Le procede de dosage immunologique selon la revendication 7, selon lequel le support solide du premier systeme de detection est en premier lieu revetu avec l'anti-htlv-lll-p24, puis revetu avec la proteine p24 recombinante, et le support solide du second systeme de detection est en premier lieu revetu d'anti-htlv-lll-p41, puis revetu avec la proteine p41 recombinante. 10 9. Le procede de dosage immunologique selon la revendication 7, selon lequel les marqueurs des premier et second systemes de detection sont des enzymes, des radioisotopes ou des marqueurs fluorescents. 10. Le procede de dosage immunologique selon la revendication 7, selon lequel les premier et second systemes de detection sont localises sur le meme support solide. 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65