D E P A R T M E N T O F M E D I A, C O G N I T I O N A N D C O M M U N I C A T I O N American Experiences Danish Realities? Presented at Berlingske media conference: Trust Us - We are (not) Lying September 16, 2013 Stig Hjarvard, Professor, Ph.D. University of Copenhagen http://mediatization.ku.dk Section of Film and Media Studies Department of Media, Cognition and Communication Dias 1
My talk (Un)truthful news? Three challenges Digital developments American experiences? Dias 2
Deliberate media manipulation does exist - and the Danish press is also vulnarable Manipulation as manufacturing lies Small scale: Misleading / untrue commercial advertising camouflaged as news Grand scale: The existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq as an argument for military invasion Dias 3
The toolbox of information management without lying Providing information subsidies: Articles ready to print Pictures Case stories with interviews Background information Subsidizing journalism: Travels Access Built up long term working relationships with journalists Making news events: Press conference Photo opportunities Staging unstaged events Spinning and framing stories Social media as intermediary Etc. Disintermediation: alternative channel Exploiting unverifiable rumours Dias 4
Three challenges for the autonomy of journalism Dias 5
Commercialization: Consumer news expanding both inside and outside journalism The case of lifestyle and cultural journalism:..the cultural producers are important providers of content for the increasing number of pages devoted to culture and lifestyle stories in today s newspapers, while this increased press coverage in turn acts as a central marketing window and platform of public legitimacy for the producers of culture (Nete Nørgaard Kristensen, 2010, 87) Dias 6
Commercialization: Attracting clicks Rather popular appeal has become a news value in itself, and articles about celebrities and cute baby animals are found also on non-tabloid news websites. This way, news values are sliding from being an occupational instrument for determining journalistic salience towards honoring organizational demands for securing customers (Aske Kammer, 2012, 178. ) Dias 7
Industrialization: Increasing output by desktop journalism Projekt Nyhedsuge (Lund, Willig and Blach-Ørsten, 2009, 9): 1999-2003: 32.000 editorial units 2008: 75.000 editorial units Increase in various forms of recycling from 42% to 64% Not a similar increase in number of journalists Dias 8
Mediatization: Sources become media managers Political parties Private companies NGOs Public administration Military Etc. Dias 9
Online access to news is growing on several platforms Source: Digital News Report 2013, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Dias 10
Source: Digital News Report 2013, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Dias 11
Danish newspaper brands are doing very well Source: Digital News Report 2013, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Dias 12
Age and usage of various news media Nielsen and Schrøder: Danskernes brug af nyhedsmedier 2013, p. 21. Dias 13
Age and most important news media Nielsen and Schrøder: Danskernes brug af nyhedsmedier 2013, p. 22. Dias 14
American experiences Danish realities? Dias 15 Source: Hallin and Mancini: Comparing media systems.
The public component in the Danish media system - and media innovation Experiences of public-private do-developments: Radio: DAB New Danish Cinema Ebook: Danish libraries ereolen Public administration drives general usage of internet News media? Dias 16
Public service mission in competition with publicistic ideals? Publicistic ideal has emerged as an argument for the democratic role of the private news media: legtimizes the journalistic news media s demand for public support in a converging media environement and challenges public service media Publicistic ideals Specifically concerned with news media carrying professional journalism Should support democracy and citizenship Quality journalism/news Independence of powers: journalism as the fourth estate Publicistic ideals as a subset of public service? Public service is broader in terms of cultural and social obligations Public service for public money vs. private money Challenges public service media s position on the internet Dias 17
D E P A R T M E N T O F M E D I A, C O G N I T I O N A N D C O M M U N I C A T I O N American Experiences Danish Realities? Presented at Berlingske media conference: Trust Us - We are (not) Lying September 16, 2013 Stig Hjarvard, Professor, Ph.D. University of Copenhagen http://mediatization.ku.dk Section of Film and Media Studies Department of Media, Cognition and Communication Dias 18