RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data Radosław Smolec (CAMK PAN, Warsaw) Henryka Netzel (Warsaw University) Igor Soszyński (Warsaw University) IAU General Assembly 215 Focus Meeting 17: Advances in Stellar Physics from Asteroseismology

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 1 Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, OGLE, 1992 I Warsaw University project I now OGLE-IV (since 21) I more than 1k classical pulsators in LMC, SMC and Galactic bulge photo: wwwastrouwedupl

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 2 Blazhko Effect in double-mode RR Lyr stars -4-2 I [mag] 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 52 54 56 58 6 62 time [d] 64 66 68 Soszyn ski et al (214), Smolec et al (215)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 2 Blazhko Effect in double-mode RR Lyr stars -4-2 I [mag] 2 4 6 8 1 12 755 14 75 54 56 58? majority of the modulated RRd stars have atypical period ratio? multiperiodic modulation is present 6 62 64 one, two, three, 745 time [d] modulation periods P1O/PF 52 OGLE-IV Galactic bulge RRd stars 66 68 74 735 73 725 72-5 -4-3 -2 log PF Soszyn ski et al (214), Smolec et al (215)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 3 Blazhko Effect in double-mode RR Lyr stars A [mmag] 12 8 4 F A [mmag] 3 2 1 P B2 =3229d A [mmag] 12 8 4 P B2 A 1 [mmag] φ [rad] φ 1 [rad] 12 8 4 1O 52 54 56 58 6 62 64 66 68 7 8 6 4 2 2-2 -4 F 1O time [d] 52 54 56 58 6 62 64 66 68 7 time [d] A [mmag] A [rad] A [rad] 4 3 2 1 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 P B1 =298d 1 2 frequency [c/d] 1 2 frequency [c/d] both radial modes may be modulated with the same period, but A 1 [mmag] φ [rad] φ 1 [rad] 12 8 4 8 6 4 2 2-2 -4 P B1 1 2 P B2 P B1 phase 1 2 more commonly, dominant modulation for the fundamental mode has different period than dominant modulation for the first overtone phase Smolec et al (215)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 4 Blazhko Effect in double-mode RR Lyr stars A [mmag] φ [rad] 1 8 6 4 3 2 OGLE-III F mode 1O mode OGLE-IV 25 35 45 55 65 time [d] amplitudes and phases of the radial modes vary irregularly on a long time-scale of a few hundred or thousand days the short-term modulations are also irregular Smolec et al (215)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 4 Blazhko Effect in double-mode RR Lyr stars A [mmag] φ [rad] 1 8 6 4 3 2 OGLE-III F mode 1O mode OGLE-IV 25 35 45 55 65 time [d] amplitudes and phases of the radial modes vary irregularly on a long time-scale of a few hundred or thousand days the short-term modulations are also irregular A [mmag] φ [rad] 12 8 4 4 2 F mode 1O mode OGLE-III OGLE-IV OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-13442 has switched the pulsation mode (RRab RRd; Soszyński et al 214) -2 25 35 45 55 65 time [d] Smolec et al (215)

Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio 76 74 F+1O: 1335 72 F+1O F+2O: 9 stars 7 Chadid et al (29), 68 Poretti et al (21), Benkö et al (21), 66 64 1O+? 1O+?: 23 stars 62 6 F+2O 58 Süveges et al (212) P S /P L RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 5-6 -5-4 -3-2 log P L Ṣoszyński et al (29,-1,-11) Guggenberger et al (211) Gruberbauer et al (27) Olech & Moskalik (29) Soszyński et al (29) Moskalik et al (211, -15) Chadid (212), Szabo et al (214) Molnar et al (215)

Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio 76 F+1O: 1335 74 72 F+1O F+2O: 9 stars 7 Chadid et al (29), 68 Poretti et al (21), Benkö et al (21), 66 64 1O+? 1O+?: 17 stars 62 6 F+2O Soszyński et al (29) Süveges et al (212) 58 P S /P L RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 5-6 -5-4 -3-2 log P L Ṣoszyński et al (29,-1,-11) Guggenberger et al (211) Gruberbauer et al (27) Olech & Moskalik (29) Moskalik et al (211, -15) Chadid (212), Szabo et al (214) Molnar et al (215) Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a)

Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio 76 F+1O: 1335 74 72 F+1O F+2O: 9 stars 7 Chadid et al (29), 68 Poretti et al (21), Benkö et al (21), 66 64 1O+? 1O+?: 171 stars 62 6 F+2O Soszyński et al (29) Süveges et al (212) 58 P S /P L RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 5-6 -5-4 -3-2 log P L Ṣoszyński et al (29,-1,-11) Guggenberger et al (211) Gruberbauer et al (27) Olech & Moskalik (29) Moskalik et al (211, -15) Chadid (212), Szabo et al (214) Molnar et al (215) Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a) Smolec et al (215, Bl-RRd)

Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio 76 F+1O: 1335 74 72 F+1O F+2O: 9 stars 7 Chadid et al (29), 68 Poretti et al (21), Benkö et al (21), 66 64 1O+? 1O+?: 189 stars 62 6 F+2O Soszyński et al (29) Süveges et al (212) 58 P S /P L RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 5-6 -5-4 -3-2 log P L Ṣoszyński et al (29,-1,-11) Guggenberger et al (211) Gruberbauer et al (27) Olech & Moskalik (29) Moskalik et al (211, -15) Chadid (212), Szabo et al (214) Molnar et al (215) Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a) Smolec et al (215, Bl-RRd) Jurcsik et al (215)

Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio 76 F+1O: 1335 74 72 F+1O F+2O: 9 stars 7 Chadid et al (29), 68 Poretti et al (21), Benkö et al (21), 66 64 1O+? 1O+?: 34 stars 62 6 F+2O Soszyński et al (29) Süveges et al (212) 58 P S /P L RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 5-6 -5-4 -3-2 log P L Ṣoszyński et al (29,-1,-11) Guggenberger et al (211) Gruberbauer et al (27) Olech & Moskalik (29) Moskalik et al (211, -15) Chadid (212), Szabo et al (214) Molnar et al (215) Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a) Smolec et al (215, Bl-RRd) Jurcsik et al (215) Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215b)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 6 Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio common form of RR Lyr pulsation: 93% of RRc/RRd observed from space (13/14) 38% of M3 RRc/RRd stars (Jurcsik et al 215) 3% of OGLE-III Galactic bulge stars, but 27% in the two high cadence OGLE-IV fields three sequences in the Petersen diagram up to three non-radial modes in a single star additional mode(s) must be non-radial P x /P 1O 64 635 63 625 62 615 61 65 Galactic bulge, Netzel et al M3, Jurcsik et al 6 2 3 4 P 1O [day] subharmonics of additional mode(s) are present additional modes are non-stationary Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a,b)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 6 Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio common form of RR Lyr pulsation: 93% of RRc/RRd observed from space (13/14) 38% of M3 RRc/RRd stars (Jurcsik et al 215) 3% of OGLE-III Galactic bulge stars, but 27% in the two high cadence OGLE-IV fields three sequences in the Petersen diagram up to three non-radial modes in a single star additional mode(s) must be non-radial P x /P 1O 64 635 63 625 62 615 61 65 Galactic bulge, Netzel et al M3, Jurcsik et al 6 2 3 4 P 1O [day] subharmonics of additional mode(s) are present additional modes are non-stationary Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a,b)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 6 Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio common form of RR Lyr pulsation: 93% of RRc/RRd observed from space (13/14) 38% of M3 RRc/RRd stars (Jurcsik et al 215) 3% of OGLE-III Galactic bulge stars, but 27% in the two high cadence OGLE-IV fields three sequences in the Petersen diagram up to three non-radial modes in a single star additional mode(s) must be non-radial subharmonics of additional mode(s) are present additional modes are non-stationary Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a,b) 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 A (mmag) A (mmag) A (mmag) A (mmag) A (mmag) A (mmag) OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-935 P 1O =3295d OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-9126 P 1O =32399d OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-8826 P 1O =31251d OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-786 P 1O =319d OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-682 P 1O =3183d OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-661 P 1O =31623d 6 61 62 63 64 P/P 1O

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 6 Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio common form of RR Lyr pulsation: 68 93% of RRc/RRd observed from space (13/14) 66 38% of M3 RRc/RRd stars (Jurcsik et al 215) 3% of OGLE-III Galactic bulge stars, but 27% in the two high cadence OGLE-IV fields three sequences in the Petersen diagram P 4O /P 1O, P 3O /P 1O 64 62 6 58 56 Z=1 Z=1 Z=1 up to three non-radial modes in a single star 2 25 3 35 4 P 1O [day] additional mode(s) must be non-radial subharmonics of additional mode(s) are present additional modes are non-stationary Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a,b)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 6 Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio common form of RR Lyr pulsation: 93% of RRc/RRd observed from space (13/14) 38% of M3 RRc/RRd stars (Jurcsik et al 215) 3% of OGLE-III Galactic bulge stars, but 27% in the two high cadence OGLE-IV fields three sequences in the Petersen diagram up to three non-radial modes in a single star 4 2 4 2 OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-8597 6 61 62 63 64 additional mode(s) must be non-radial subharmonics of additional mode(s) are present additional modes are non-stationary 12 122 124 126 128 P/P 1O Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a,b)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 6 Non-radial modes in RR Lyr stars: 61 63 period ratio common form of RR Lyr pulsation: 93% of RRc/RRd observed from space (13/14) 38% of M3 RRc/RRd stars (Jurcsik et al 215) 3% of OGLE-III Galactic bulge stars, but 27% in the two high cadence OGLE-IV fields three sequences in the Petersen diagram up to three non-radial modes in a single star additional mode(s) must be non-radial subharmonics of additional mode(s) are present additional modes are non-stationary Netzel, Smolec & Moskalik (215a,b) 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 A (mmag) 21 211 212 213 all data OGLE-BLG-RRLYR-786 P 1O =319d 6 61 62 63 64 P/P 1O

New class of double-periodic RR Lyr stars: gravity mode pulsation? 76 74 F+1O: 1335 72 F+1O F+2O: 9 stars 7 68 1O+?: 34 stars 66 64 62 1O+? 6 F+2O 58 P S /P L RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 7-6 -5-4 -3-2 log P L

New class of double-periodic RR Lyr stars: gravity mode pulsation? 76 74 F+1O: 1335 72 F+1O F+2O: 9 stars 7 68?+1O 1O+?: 34 stars 66 64 62 1O+? 6 F+2O 58 P S /P L RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 7-6 -5-4 -3-2 log P L?+1O: 12 stars (11 OGLE+1 Kepler), Netzel, Smolec & Dziembowski (215) Period of the additional mode is longer than 1O period It is longer than period of the (undetected) F mode!

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 8 New class of double-periodic RR Lyr stars: gravity mode pulsation? dominant pulsation: radial first overtone very narrow range of period ratios additional mode is always coherent it must be a non-radial mode of gravity (or mixed) character instability range extends slightly below F mode frequency, but no obvious selection mechanism can be proposed Netzel, Smolec & Dziembowski (215)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 8 New class of double-periodic RR Lyr stars: gravity mode pulsation? dominant pulsation: radial first overtone very narrow range of period ratios additional mode is always coherent it must be a non-radial mode of gravity (or mixed) character instability range extends slightly below F mode frequency, but no obvious selection mechanism can be proposed P 1O /P x 69 689 688 687 686 685 684 683 682 68 stars KIC9453114-5 -45-4 -35-3 -25-2 log P x Netzel, Smolec & Dziembowski (215)

RR Lyrae stars: new discoveries in the OGLE data 9