New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

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Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. National dairy statistics 5 A. Industry statistics 5 i) Production 5 ii) Population 6 B. Herd production statistics 8 i) Production per cow and per hectare 9 ii) Herd size distribution 11 3. Regional dairy statistics 13 A. Region 13 B. District 16 C. Operating structures 20 D. Breed breakdown 24 4. Herd improvement 25 A. Use of herd testing 25 B. Herd test averages 27 i) Seasonal averages 27 ii) Monthly averages 29 iii) Breed averages 31 C. Artificial Breeding (AB) statistics 33 D. Herd reproduction 38 E. Calving 41 i) Planned start of calving and median calving dates 41 ii) Calving interval 42 F. Animal Evaluation 43 5. Prices received 49 A. Milk prices 49 B. Dairy farm land prices 50 6. Disease control 51 A. Tuberculosis (Tb) control 51 Appendix 1: Farming regions and districts 52 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 1

List of tables 2.1 Summary of milk production statistics for the last 35 seasons 5 2.2 Summary of herd statistics since 1974/75 7 2.3 Summary of herd production for the last 35 seasons 8 2.4 Average production per cow by herd size in 2012/13 11 3.1 Herd analysis by region in 2012/13 14 3.2 Herd production analysis by region in 2012/13 15 3.3 Herd analysis by district in 2012/13 16 3.4 Herd production analysis by district in 2012/13 18 3.5 Herd analysis by operating structure in 2012/13 20 3.6 Herd production analysis by operating structure in 2012/13 21 3.7 Trend in the percentage of herds in each operating structure for the last 10 seasons 21 3.8 Trend in the number of herds in each operating structure for the last 10 seasons 21 3.9 Operating structure by region in 2012/13 22 3.10 Operating structure by herd size in 2012/13 23 4.1 Trend in the use of herd testing services for the last 20 seasons 25 4.2 Use of herd testing by region in 2012/13 26 4.3 Season herd test averages per cow by region in 2012/13 27 4.4 Trend in the national herd test averages for the last 20 seasons 28 4.5 Monthly herd test averages by region in 2012/13 29 4.6 Herd test breed averages by age of cow in 2012/13 31 4.7 Liveweight by age and breed of cow in 2012/13 32 4.8 Trend in Artificial Breeding use for the last nine seasons by region: Cows and yearlings to AB 33 4.9 Mean herd reproductive performance since 2008/09 38 4.10 Mean 6-week in-calf rate by farming region for the last three seasons 39 4.11 Actual 6-week in-calf rate in 2012/13 39 4.12 Estimated 6-week in-calf rate in 2012/13 40 4.13 Mean calving interval by breed since 2000/01 42 4.14 Economic values used from 16 February 2013 43 4.15 Average Breeding Values and Breeding Worth of 2008-born bulls 44 4.16 Number of sires by birth year and breed 44 4.17 Herd Breeding Worth in 2012/13 45 4.18 Herd Production Worth in 2012/13 45 4.19 Cow Breeding Worth in 2012/13 46 4.20 Cow Production Worth in 2012/13 46 4.21 Average Breeding Worth and Breeding Values of all cows born in 2010 by breed 48 4.22 Survivability percentages since 1996/97 48 5.1 Trend in prices received for milksolids for the last 20 seasons 49 5.2 Trend in dairy land sale values since 2009/10 50 6.1 Tuberculosis (Tb) testing and results in 2012/13 51 2 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

List of graphs 2.1 Trend in the number of herds and average herd size for the last 30 seasons 6 2.2 Milksolid production per cow and per effective hectare since 1992/93 9 2.3 Distribution of herds by milksolids production per cow for the last three seasons 10 2.4 Herd size distribution for 2012/13 compared with 2007/08 12 3.1 Regional distribution of dairy cows in 2012/13 13 3.2 Breed percentages of cows for New Zealand in 2012/13 24 3.3 Breed percentages of cows by region in 2012/13 24 4.1 Trend in the percentage of herds testing for the last 30 seasons 26 4.2 Average milkfat and protein production per cow by region in 2012/13 28 4.3 Liveweight by age and breed of cow in 2012/13 32 4.4 Trend in the percentage of cows to Artificial Breeding for the last 30 seasons 34 4.5 Average number of inseminations per cow for the last 20 seasons 35 4.6 Ayrshire semen usage (%) over cow breed for the last five seasons 35 4.7 Crossbreed semen usage (%) over cow breed for the last five seasons 36 4.8 Jersey semen usage (%) over cow breed for the last five seasons 36 4.9 Holstein-Friesian semen usage (%) over cow breed for the last five seasons 36 4.10 Trend in the percentage of inseminations of each major breed for the last 40 seasons 37 4.11 Mean actual and estimated 6-week in-calf rate since 2008/09 38 4.12 Distribution of actual 6-week in-calf rate in 2012/13 39 4.13 Distribution of estimated 6-week in-calf rate in 2012/13 40 4.14 Planned start of calving and median calving dates for cows (excluding first calvers) by region 41 4.15 Trend in planned start of calving dates for cows (excluding first calvers) by region 42 4.16 Genetic trend of proven dairy bulls by year of birth 44 4.17 Distribution of Herd Breeding Worth in 2012/13 45 4.18 Distribution of Herd Production Worth in 2012/13 45 4.19 Distribution of Cow Breeding Worth in 2012/13 46 4.20 Distribution of Cow Production Worth in 2012/13 46 4.21 Trend in Breeding Worth for all cows 47 4.22 Trend in Production Worth for all cows 47 5.1 Trend in milksolids payout to dairy farmers for the last 30 seasons 50 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 3

1. Introduction The purpose of New Zealand Dairy Statistics is to provide statistical information related to the New Zealand Dairy Industry. Funding is provided by Livestock Improvement Corporation (LIC) and DairyNZ Incorporated (dairy farmer levy). Contributors include New Zealand Animal Evaluation Limited. Data are sourced from the LIC National Database, dairy companies, Animal Evaluation database, Animal Health Board Annual Report (year ending 30 June 2013), Real Estate Institute of New Zealand, and Statistics New Zealand. New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012/13 is a report that shows historical information up to and including the 2012/13 season. Data for previous years were released under Dairy Statistics from 1998, Annual Report (Livestock Improvement Division) in 1987/88, Livestock Improvement Report from 1984/85 to 1986/87, and New Zealand Dairy Board Farm Production Report up to 1983/84. Prior to 1991/92 the information for the Dairy Statistics publication was obtained primarily from the analysis of the New Zealand Dairy Industry Cow Census (an annual survey of all dairy farmers). The 1991/92 Dairy Statistics publication was a transition year for which only minimal data was available. As of March 2002, LIC became a user-owned co-operative, with responsibility for farm production activities and, in particular, dairy herd improvement and herd records. LIC s activities can broadly be described as genetics, information and advice. Services provided to farmers include farm management information, herd testing and artificial breeding services, DNA analysis, a farm advisory service, research to improve farm profitability, statistical information related to the New Zealand dairy industry, and herd recording on the LIC Database. DairyNZ is the industry organisation representing New Zealand s dairy farmers. We are funded by farmers through a levy on milksolids. Our purpose is to secure and enhance the profitability, sustainability and competitiveness of New Zealand dairy farming. For more information, visit www.dairynz.co.nz 4 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

2. National dairy statistics A. Industry statistics i) Production 1.6% decrease in milksolids processed In 2012/13, dairy companies processed 18.9 billion litres of milk containing 1.66 billion kilograms of milksolids (Table 2.1). Total milksolids processed decreased by 1.6% from the record 1.69 billion kilograms processed in the previous season. This was the first decrease in milk production since 2007/08, and resulted from widespread summer/autumn drought. Table 2.1: Summary of milk production statistics for the last 35 seasons Season Milk processed (million litres) Milkfat processed (million kgs) Protein processed (million kgs) Milksolids processed (million kgs) 1978/79 5,655 274 203 477 1979/80 5,997 291 215 506 1980/81 5,868 282 209 491 1981/82 5,979 282 209 491 1982/83 6,096 290 214 505 1983/84 6,733 324 239 564 1984/85 6,965 332 245 578 1985/86 7,326 350 257 609 1986/87 6,385 301 222 524 1987/88 6,921 333 245 579 1988/89 6,533 311 237 541 1989/90 6,868 330 242 572 1990/91 7,077 343 254 599 1991/92 7,454 365 270 637 1992/93 7,629 373 277 651 1993/94 8,603 423 313 736 1994/95 8,633 422 311 733 1995/96 9,325 452 335 788 1996/97 10,339 506 375 880 1997/98 10,651 513 378 891 1998/99 10,563 503 377 880 1999/00 11,630 560 421 981 2000/01 12,925 626 470 1,096 2001/02 13,607 657 495 1,152 2002/03 13,906 676 515 1,191 2003/04 14,599 716 538 1,254 2004/05 14,103 694 519 1,213 2005/06 14,702 724 543 1,267 2006/07 15,134 750 566 1,316 2007/08 14,745 722 548 1,270 2008/09 16,044 791 602 1,393 2009/10 16,483 817 622 1,438 2010/11 17,339 859 654 1,513 2011/12 19,129 954 731 1,685 2012/13 18,883 939 719 1,658 Note: Prior to 1998/99, Table 2.1 consisted of milk production statistics that were processed into export products (i.e., town milk supply was excluded). These statistics on milk, milkfat, protein and milksolids processed were provided by the New Zealand Dairy Board and are no longer available. Consequently, totals from 1998/99 include all milk processed by New Zealand dairy companies, including milk for the domestic market. New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 5

ii) Population Small increase in the number of herds Cow numbers increase by 150,000 to 4.78 million cows Average herd size exceeds 400 cows Between 1980/81 and 2007/08 total herd numbers declined at an average rate of about 170 herds per season (Graph 2.1). However, the total number of herds in the 2012/13 season increased by 93 to 11,891. This was the fifth consecutive season of small increases in herd numbers. The average herd size was 402 in 2012/13, up 9 cows on the previous season. The average herd size has tripled in the last 30 seasons, and has increased by 117 cows in the last 10 seasons. Expansion of the dairy herd in the South Island has assisted the increase in average herd sizes. Graph 2.1: Trend in the number of herds and average herd size for the last 30 seasons 17,000 440 16,500 16,000 15,500 15,000 420 400 380 360 340 Number of herds 14,500 14,000 13,500 13,000 12,500 320 300 280 260 240 220 Herd size 12,000 11,500 11,000 10,500 200 180 160 140 120 10,000 100 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 Season Number of herds Average herd size 6 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

The total cow population in the 2012/13 season was 4.78 million (Table 2.2), an increase of 3.2% over the previous season. Average effective hectares is steady at 141 hectares. A stocking rate of 2.85 cows per hectare was similar to the previous season (2.83). Total effective hectares (runoff excluded) were 1.68 million an increase of about 40,000 ha on the previous season. Table 2.2: Summary of herd statistics since 1974/75 Season Herds Total cows Total effective hectares a Average herd size Average effective hectares b Average cows per hectare b 1974/75 18,540 2,079,886-112 - - 1975/76 18,442 2,091,950-113 - - 1976/77 17,924 2,074,443-116 - - 1977/78 17,363 2,052,624-118 - - 1978/79 16,907 2,039,902-121 - - 1979/80 16,506 2,045,808-124 - - 1980/81 16,089 2,027,096-126 - - 1981/82 15,821 2,060,898 996,723 130 63 2.07 1982/83 15,816 2,128,199 1,012,224 135 64 2.10 1983/84 15,932 2,209,725 1,035,580 139 65 2.13 1984/85 15,881 2,280,273 1,016,384 144 64 2.24 1985/86 15,753 2,321,012 1,008,192 147 64 2.30 1986/87 15,315 2,281,849 995,475 149 65 2.29 1987/88 14,818 2,236,290 963,170 151 65 2.32 1988/89 14,744 2,269,073 973,104 154 66 2.33 1989/90 14,595 2,313,822 977,865 159 67 2.37 1990/91 14,685 2,402,145 1,023,545 164 70 2.35 1991/92 14,452 2,438,641-169 - - 1992/93 14,458 2,603,049 1,069,892 180 74 2.43 1993/94 14,597 2,736,452 1,122,509 188 77 2.44 1994/95 14,649 2,830,977 1,175,940 193 80 2.41 1995/96 14,736 2,935,759 1,208,352 199 82 2.43 1996/97 14,741 3,064,523 1,267,726 208 86 2.42 1997/98 14,673 3,222,591 1,276,551 220 87 2.52 1998/99 14,362 3,289,319 1,306,942 229 91 2.52 1999/00 13,861 3,269,362 1,292,566 236 93 2.53 2000/01 13,892 3,485,883 1,329,173 251 96 2.62 2001/02 13,649 3,692,703 1,404,930 271 103 2.63 2002/03 13,140 3,740,637 1,463,281 285 111 2.56 2003/04 12,751 3,851,302 1,421,147 302 111 2.71 2004/05 12,271 3,867,659 1,411,594 315 115 2.74 2005/06 11,883 3,832,145 1,398,966 322 118 2.74 2006/07 11,630 3,916,812 1,412,925 337 121 2.77 2007/08 11,436 4,012,867 1,436,549 351 126 2.79 2008/09 11,618 4,252,881 1,519,117 366 131 2.80 2009/10 11,691 4,396,675 1,563,495 376 134 2.81 2010/11 11,735 4,528,736 1,638,706 386 140 2.76 2011/12 11,798 4,634,226 1,638,546 393 139 2.83 2012/13 11,891 4,784,250 1,677,395 402 141 2.85 - Not available a Total effective hectares between 1981/82 and 1999/00 are estimates. b Average effective hectares and average cows per hectare for 1981/82 to 1990/91 are based on factory supply herds only. Note: The number of cows used to calculate the average herd size since 1992/93 includes all cows lactating in that season, whereas in earlier years the number of cows used to produce the average herd size was based only on those cows lactating on 31 December. This change in method has had a small effect on reported cow numbers. In 2009/10 a change was made to the way the average cows per hectare was calculated. This change is now reflected in all seasons reported. New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 7

B. Herd production statistics Milk production down on last season Herd production has increased most years since 1992/93 (Table 2.3). Exceptions were evident in 1998/99 and 2007/08, when production dropped markedly due to drought conditions. Similarly, the average milksolids per effective hectare of 989 kg in 2012/13 was down compared with the previous season (1,028 kg). Production per cow decreased by 4.9% in 2012/13 to an average of 346 kg milksolids (comprising 196 kg milkfat and 150 kg protein). Milk production was up in all regions prior to Christmas, but a severe drought in the North Island reduced milk production and many herds were forced to dry off early. Table 2.3: Summary of herd production for the last 35 seasons Season Average litres per herd milkfat per herd protein per herd milksolids per herd milkfat per effective hectare protein per effective hectare milksolids per effective hectare Average litres per cow milkfat per cow protein per cow milksolids per cow 1978/79 a - 17,500 - - - - - - 142 - - 1979/80 a - 19,000 - - - - - - 151 - - 1980/81 a - 18,864 - - - - - - 147 - - 1981/82 a - 19,090 - - 310 - - - 144 - - 1982/83 a - 19,600 - - 312 - - - 143 - - 1983/84 a - 21,618 - - 345 - - - 154 - - 1984/85 a - 22,190 - - 359 - - - 152 - - 1985/86 a - 23,489 - - 379 - - - 157 - - 1986/87 a - 20,885 - - 331 - - - 138 - - 1987/88 a - 23,500 - - 374 - - - 154 - - 1988/89 a - 22,442 - - 340 - - - 143 - - 1989/90 a - 23,578 - - 352 - - - 147 - - 1990/91 a - 24,495 - - 351 - - - 148 - - 1991/92 b - 26,567 - - - - - - 157 - - 1992/93 554,040 26,982 20,138 47,120 374 279 653-148 111 259 1993/94 618,139 30,220 22,458 52,678 407 301 708-160 119 278 1994/95 614,203 29,886 22,117 52,002 386 285 671-156 115 271 1995/96 663,248 32,050 23,827 55,877 405 300 705-163 120 283 1996/97 728,874 35,436 26,387 61,823 425 316 741-173 128 301 1997/98 752,399 36,383 26,984 63,367 430 318 748-168 124 292 1998/99 735,544 35,047 26,254 61,301 392 292 684-147 109 256 1999/00 839,066 40,365 30,396 70,761 439 329 768-165 123 288 2000/01 930,047 45,063 33,850 78,914 472 353 825-177 133 310 2001/02 996,904 48,137 36,300 84,436 471 353 824-175 132 307 2002/03 1,058,307 51,447 39,174 90,621 471 357 828-179 136 315 2003/04 1,144,938 56,150 42,171 98,321 509 380 889 3,737 184 138 322 2004/05 1,149,262 56,520 42,305 98,825 494 368 862 3,574 176 132 308 2005/06 1,237,228 60,955 45,705 106,660 520 387 907 3,763 186 139 325 2006/07 1,301,308 64,495 48,687 113,182 534 400 934 3,791 189 142 330 2007/08 1,289,337 63,158 47,876 111,033 498 375 873 3,567 175 132 307 2008/09 1,381,573 68,116 51,850 119,966 524 396 921 3,710 184 139 323 2009/10 1,409,875 69,859 53,184 123,043 519 392 912 3,642 181 137 318 2010/11 1,477,531 73,184 55,762 128,946 524 399 923 3,829 190 144 334 2011/12 1,621,344 80,875 61,936 142,811 582 446 1,028 4,128 206 158 364 2012/13 1,587,980 78,948 60,462 139,410 560 429 988 3,947 196 150 346 - Not available a Figures prior to 1991/92 exclude town milk herds b 1991/92 figures include some town milk herds 8 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

i) Production per cow and per hectare Average milksolids per cow in 2012/13 was 346 kg, compared with last season s record 364 kg (Graph 2.2). Average milk production per hectare was 989 kg below last season s 1,028 kg. Variations from season to season are masked by the considerable effect of the weather on each season s actual production. For example, widespread drought in 2007/08 caused milk production to decline while in 2011/12 favourable pasture growth conditions throughout the season enabled record milk production. Graph 2.2: Milksolid production per cow and per effective hectare since 1992/93 400 1,200 milksolids per cow 360 320 280 240 200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 milksolids per effective hectare 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 Season milksolids per cow milksolids per effective hectare New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 9

Average production per cow varies considerably from farm to farm. This variation is caused by many factors, including temperature, rainfall, soil fertility, stocking rate, the genetic merit of the herd, level of supplementary feed and farm management practice. Graph 2.3 shows the distribution of milksolids production in 2012/13 compared with the previous two seasons. The distribution of milksolids production for 2012/13 was similar to 2010/11. Twenty-one per cent of the herds had an average production of over 400 kilograms milksolids per cow, compared with 28% the previous season. Graph 2.3: Distribution of herds by milksolids production per cow for the last three seasons 18 16 14 Percentage of herds 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 <150 150-174 175-199 200-224 225-249 250-274 275-299 300-324 325-349 350-374 375-399 400-424 425-449 450-474 475--499 500+ milksolids per cow 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 10 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

ii) Herd size distribution 11% of herds have 750 or more cows A little over fifty percent (6,373) of herds have between 100 and 349 cows (Table 2.4). In 2012/13, 3,128 (26%) had 500 or more cows, 1,268 (11%) had 750 or more cows, and 548 (5%) had 1,000 cows or more. A decade ago (2002/03) only 32% of herds had 300 or more cows and 10% had 500 or more cows. Averages of milkfat, protein and milksolids per cow, by herd size, are also included in Table 2.4. Aside from the 12 herds with fewer than 50 animals, the average milksolids per cow varies between 229 kg (herds with 50-99 cows) and 373 kg (herds with 900-949 cows). Table 2.4: Average production per cow by herd size in 2012/13 Herd size Number of herds Percentage of herds Number of cows Percentage of cows milkfat per cow protein per cow milksolids per cow 10-49 12 0.1 393 0.0 259 194 453 50-99 244 2.1 19,567 0.4 130 99 229 100-149 772 6.5 96,089 2.0 171 130 301 150-199 1,399 11.8 240,657 5.0 183 138 321 200-249 1,729 14.5 381,528 8.0 189 142 331 250-299 1,261 10.6 339,489 7.1 193 146 339 300-349 1,212 10.2 386,586 8.1 192 145 338 350-399 779 6.6 286,681 6.0 195 148 343 400-449 781 6.6 325,926 6.8 199 151 351 450-499 574 4.8 268,660 5.6 201 152 353 500-549 543 4.6 280,245 5.9 201 154 355 550-599 420 3.5 238,451 5.0 206 158 364 600-649 392 3.3 240,962 5.0 208 160 368 650-699 270 2.3 179,709 3.8 205 158 363 700-749 235 2.0 167,848 3.5 210 162 372 750-799 197 1.7 151,018 3.2 209 162 371 800-849 192 1.6 156,259 3.3 210 162 372 850-899 132 1.1 114,046 2.4 207 160 366 900-949 116 1.0 105,781 2.2 210 163 373 950-999 83 0.7 80,016 1.7 203 158 360 1000-1099 157 1.3 161,733 3.4 202 157 360 1100-1199 107 0.9 120,591 2.5 200 155 355 1200-1499 168 1.4 217,480 4.5 195 153 348 1500+ 116 1.0 224,535 4.7 160 126 285 Total/Avg 11,891 4,784,250 196 150 346 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 11

The herd size distribution presented in Graph 2.4 shows an increase in larger herds (400+ cows) and a decrease in herds with fewer than 350 cows since 2007/08. The most common herd size remains in the range 200 to 249 cows (comprising 14.5% of herds, compared with 16.3% in 2007/08). Graph 2.4: Herd size distribution for 2012/13 compared with 2007/08 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10-49 50-99 100-149 150-199 Percentage of herds 200-249 250-299 300-349 350-399 400-449 450-499 500-549 550-599 600-649 650-699 700-749 750-799 800-849 850-899 900-949 950-999 1000-1099 1100-1199 1200-1499 1500+ Herd size 2007/08 2012/13 12 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

3. Regional dairy statistics A. Region 75% of dairy herds located in North Island 62% of dairy cows located in the North Island The majority of dairy herds (75%) are located in the North Island, with the greatest concentration (30%) situated in the Waikato region. Taranaki, with 15% of dairy herds, is the next largest region on a herd basis. Although South Island dairy herds account for 25% of the national total, they contain 38% of all cows (Graph 3.1). Twenty-four per cent of all dairy cows are located in the Waikato region, followed by North Canterbury (13%), Southland (11%) and Taranaki (10%). Graph 3.1: Regional distribution of dairy cows in 2012/13 Northland 6.0% North Island 61.8% Auckland 2.3% Waikato 24.0% Western Uplands 0.9% Taranaki 10.3% Manawatu 4.5% Bay of Plenty 4.0% East Coast 0.1% Central Plateau 5.2% Hawkes Bay 1.0% Wairarapa 3.5% West Coast 3.1% Nelson/Marlborough 1.8% North Canterbury 12.7% Southland 11.1% South Canterbury 4.6% Otago 5.0% South Island 38.2% New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 13

More than 1.8 million cows in the South Island Largest average herd size (791) in North Canterbury South Island average herd sizes increasing faster than North Island Farms in the South Island are, on average, larger than those in the North Island (in terms of both farm area and cow numbers, see Table 3.1). Sixty-two percent of all cows are in the North Island, with 24% in the Waikato region. The average herd size in both islands continues to increase. Within the South Island, North Canterbury has the largest average herd size (791 cows). In the North Island, Hawkes Bay has the largest average herd size of 673 cows. The smallest average herd sizes are in Auckland, Taranaki, and Northland, averaging 260, 283 and 306 cows respectively. North Canterbury has the highest average cows per hectare (3.49), followed closely by South Canterbury (3.45). The regions with the lowest average cows per hectare are the West Coast (2.16), Northland (2.29) and Auckland (2.30). Table 3.1: Herd analysis by region in 2012/13 Farming region Total herds Percentage of herds Total cows Percentage of cows Total effective hectares Percentage of effective hectares Average herd size Average effective hectares Average cows per hectare Northland 935 7.9 285,956 6.0 124,747 7.4 306 133 2.29 Auckland 431 3.6 111,976 2.3 48,655 2.9 260 113 2.30 Waikato 3,554 29.9 1,148,553 24.0 390,211 23.3 323 110 2.94 Bay of Plenty 598 5.0 192,877 4.0 68,853 4.1 323 115 2.80 Central Plateau 470 4.0 247,046 5.2 90,757 5.4 526 193 2.72 Western Uplands 86 0.7 42,106 0.9 16,861 1.0 490 196 2.50 East Coast 9 0.1 4,899 0.1 1,846 0.1 544 205 2.65 Hawkes Bay 71 0.6 47,781 1.0 16,870 1.0 673 238 2.83 Taranaki 1,734 14.6 490,528 10.3 172,571 10.3 283 100 2.84 Manawatu 559 4.7 214,710 4.5 77,654 4.6 384 139 2.76 Wairarapa 465 3.9 168,570 3.5 60,757 3.6 363 131 2.77 North Island 8,912 74.9 2,955,002 61.8 1,069,782 63.8 332 120 2.76 Nelson/Marlborough 237 2.0 86,203 1.8 30,338 1.8 364 128 2.84 West Coast 371 3.1 147,660 3.1 68,399 4.1 398 184 2.16 North Canterbury 768 6.5 607,811 12.7 174,308 10.4 791 227 3.49 South Canterbury 278 2.3 218,514 4.6 63,360 3.8 786 228 3.45 Otago 396 3.3 236,981 5.0 76,886 4.6 598 194 3.08 Southland 929 7.8 532,079 11.1 194,322 11.6 573 209 2.74 South Island 2,979 25.1 1,829,248 38.2 607,613 36.2 614 204 3.01 New Zealand 11,891 4,784,250 1,677,395 402 141 2.85 14 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

Highest average production recorded in North Canterbury South Island farms have, on average, higher per herd production than herds in the North Island, with North Canterbury recording the highest average herd production at 309,244 kilograms of milksolids (Table 3.2). This reflects a combination of larger herd sizes, a high stocking rate, and high kilograms of milksolids per cow. In the North Island, Hawkes Bay recorded the highest average herd production of 209,803 kilograms of milksolids, reflecting large herd sizes. In 2012/13, average production per effective hectare and production per cow was higher in the South Island than in the North Island. North Canterbury recorded the highest average milksolids per hectare in the South Island (1,363 kg), while Manawatu had the highest average milksolids production per hectare in the North Island (996 kg). North Canterbury also had the highest average milksolids per cow (391 kg), followed by Southland (384 kg). In the North Island, Manawatu had the highest average milksolids per cow (360 kg), followed by Taranaki (344 kg) and Wairarapa (338 kg). Table 3.2: Herd production analysis by region in 2012/13 Farming region Total kg milksolids Percent milk-solids Average litres per herd milkfat per herd protein per herd milksolids per herd milkfat per effective hectare protein per effective hectare milksolids per effective hectare milkfat per cow protein per cow milksolids per cow Northland 80,518,080 4.9 1,001,423 49,066 37,050 86,116 368 278 645 160 121 282 Auckland 35,027,882 2.1 950,740 46,189 35,082 81,271 409 311 720 178 135 313 Waikato 378,529,678 22.8 1,219,447 60,786 45,722 106,508 554 416 970 188 141 330 Bay of Plenty 63,247,399 3.8 1,231,464 60,169 45,596 105,765 523 396 919 187 141 328 Central Plateau 79,149,649 4.8 1,943,868 96,269 72,134 168,404 499 374 872 183 137 320 Western Uplands 11,569,193 0.7 1,526,791 76,788 57,738 134,525 392 294 686 157 118 275 East Coast 1,253,113 0.1 1,659,168 78,985 60,249 139,235 385 294 679 145 111 256 Hawkes Bay 14,896,001 0.9 2,454,940 117,853 91,950 209,803 496 387 883 175 137 312 Taranaki 168,611,878 10.2 1,068,051 55,678 41,561 97,239 559 418 977 197 147 344 Manawatu 77,311,849 4.7 1,616,790 77,800 60,504 138,304 560 436 996 203 158 360 Wairarapa 56,932,042 3.4 1,386,543 69,487 52,948 122,434 532 405 937 192 146 338 North Island 967,046,764 58.3 1,240,026 61,835 46,676 108,511 515 389 904 186 141 327 Nelson/Marlborough 29,835,366 1.8 1,401,507 71,860 54,028 125,888 561 422 983 198 149 346 West Coast 48,991,932 3.0 1,432,445 75,897 56,156 132,054 412 305 716 191 141 332 North Canterbury 237,499,124 14.3 3,533,797 172,828 136,416 309,244 761 601 1,363 218 172 391 South Canterbury 83,460,485 5.0 3,436,620 167,765 132,453 300,218 736 581 1,317 213 169 382 Otago 86,639,796 5.2 2,508,960 122,574 96,214 218,787 631 496 1,127 205 161 366 Southland 204,248,847 12.3 2,481,241 123,353 96,505 219,859 590 461 1,051 215 168 384 South Island 690,675,550 41.7 2,628,920 130,142 101,706 231,848 638 499 1,137 212 166 378 New Zealand 1,657,722,313 100.0 1,587,980 78,948 60,462 139,410 560 429 988 196 150 346 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 15

B. District South Taranaki continues to be the district with the most herds (1,038) followed by Matamata-Piako (1,000). The Southland district has the most cows (400,376), followed by South Taranaki (315,300) (Table 3.3). Hurunui in North Canterbury has the highest average herd size with 885 cows. The next largest is Ashburton, also in North Canterbury, with 875 cows. The number of owner-operators and sharemilkers is included in Table 3.3. Sixty-five per cent of herds are run as owner-operators, while the remainder are run as sharemilkers of various types (Table 3.5) Table 3.3: Herd analysis by district in 2012/13 Region District Total herds Number of owneroperators Number of share-milkers Total cows Total effective hectares Average herd size Average effective hectares Average cows per hectare Northland Far North 261 198 62 75,727 33,467 290 128 2.26 Whangarei 316 224 87 102,332 42,515 324 135 2.41 Kaipara 358 271 87 107,897 48,765 301 136 2.21 Auckland Rodney 163 108 55 43,458 19,171 267 118 2.27 Manukau / Papakura City 17 9 8 3,722 1,414 219 83 2.63 Franklin 251 152 97 64,796 28,070 258 112 2.31 Waikato Waikato 686 439 246 223,998 79,829 327 116 2.81 Hamilton City 17 9 8 4,896 1,641 288 97 2.98 Waipa 580 371 209 198,360 65,097 342 112 3.05 Otorohanga 383 238 145 138,216 48,028 361 125 2.88 Thames-Coromandel 93 60 33 26,108 10,025 281 108 2.60 Hauraki 413 274 139 115,287 42,078 279 102 2.74 Matamata-Piako 1,000 576 424 295,550 94,374 296 94 3.13 South Waikato 382 237 145 146,138 49,139 383 129 2.97 Bay of Plenty Western Bay of Plenty 198 135 62 67,600 23,511 341 119 2.88 Tauranga 15 10 5 4,534 1,574 302 105 2.88 Kawerau/Whakatane 309 220 88 96,811 35,111 313 114 2.76 Opotiki 76 43 33 23,932 8,657 315 114 2.76 Central Plateau Taupo 152 103 49 108,516 40,254 714 265 2.70 Rotorua 318 200 118 138,530 50,503 436 159 2.74 Western Uplands Waitomo 59 43 16 30,125 12,317 511 209 2.45 Ruapehu 27 15 12 11,981 4,544 444 168 2.64 East Coast Gisborne / Wairoa 9 8 1 4,899 1,846 544 205 2.65 Hawkes Bay Napier / Hastings 31 27 4 19,407 6,868 626 222 2.83 Central Hawkes Bay 40 32 8 28,374 10,002 709 250 2.84 Taranaki New Plymouth 444 277 167 113,492 42,931 256 97 2.64 Stratford 252 167 85 61,736 22,831 245 91 2.70 South Taranaki 1,038 573 465 315,300 106,809 304 103 2.95 Manawatu Wanganui 21 15 6 7,543 2,972 359 142 2.54 Rangitikei 94 71 23 42,271 14,921 450 159 2.83 Manawatu 256 181 75 95,634 34,608 374 135 2.76 Palmerston North City 47 34 12 17,366 6,500 369 138 2.67 Horowhenua 120 91 29 45,866 16,243 382 135 2.82 Kapiti Coast / Upper Hutt 21 15 6 6,030 2,410 287 115 2.50 Wairarapa Tararua 307 207 100 100,306 36,736 327 120 2.73 Masterton 18 9 9 8,517 2,797 473 155 3.05 Carterton 57 44 13 21,453 7,925 376 139 2.71 South Wairarapa 83 56 27 38,294 13,299 461 160 2.88 North Island 8,912 5,742 3,158 2,955,002 1,069,782 332 120 2.76 16 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

(Table 3.3 continued) Region District Total herds Number of owneroperators Number of share-milkers Total cows Total effective hectares Average herd size Average effective hectares Average cows per hectare Nelson/Marlborough Marlborough 60 49 10 18,186 6,263 303 104 2.90 Kaikoura 24 16 8 10,280 3,522 428 147 2.92 Tasman / Nelson City 153 127 26 57,737 20,553 377 134 2.81 West Coast Buller 128 105 23 47,846 22,013 374 172 2.17 Grey 85 58 27 40,321 17,798 474 209 2.27 Westland 158 118 40 59,493 28,588 377 181 2.08 North Canterbury Hurunui 78 55 23 69,055 18,767 885 241 3.68 Waimakariri 99 71 28 58,820 16,933 594 171 3.47 Christchurch City 16 9 7 12,092 3,740 756 234 3.23 Banks Peninsula 7 4 3 1,988 863 284 123 2.30 Selwyn 212 164 48 154,264 47,173 728 223 3.27 Ashburton 356 228 128 311,592 86,832 875 244 3.59 South Canterbury Timaru 149 97 49 109,975 31,053 738 208 3.54 MacKenzie 16 12 4 13,364 4,303 835 269 3.11 Waimate 113 56 51 95,175 28,004 842 248 3.40 Otago Waitaki 127 51 76 95,935 26,651 755 210 3.60 Dunedin City 64 33 31 26,497 9,420 414 147 2.81 Clutha 184 107 69 98,466 35,494 535 193 2.77 Central Otago 21 12 8 16,083 5,321 766 253 3.02 Southland Gore 158 98 59 90,015 33,330 570 211 2.70 Invercargill 75 49 26 41,688 14,983 556 200 2.78 Southland 696 419 277 400,376 146,009 575 210 2.74 South Island 2,979 1,938 1,021 1,829,248 607,613 614 204 3.01 New Zealand 11,891 7,679 4,180 4,784,250 1,677,395 402 141 2.85 Note: Districts with fewer than four herds have been added to a neighbouring district to preserve anonymity New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 17

Ashburton had the highest average production per herd with 347,631 kilograms of milksolids, as well as the highest average kilograms of milksolids per effective hectare (1,425) (Table 3.4). MacKenzie district recorded the highest production per cow (403 kg of milksolids). The North Island district that has the highest milksolids production per herd is Central Hawkes Bay with an average of 235,640 kilograms of milksolids. On a per-hectare basis Masterton produced the highest average kilograms of milksolids (1,159). Masterton also produced the highest average kilograms of milksolids per cow (381). Table 3.4: Herd production analysis by district in 2012/13 Region District Average litres per herd milkfat per herd protein per herd milksolids per herd milkfat per effective hectare protein per effective hectare milksolids per effective hectare milkfat per cow protein per cow milksolids per cow Northland Far North 943,806 45,629 34,794 80,423 356 271 627 157 120 277 Whangarei 1,071,967 53,560 39,951 93,511 398 297 695 165 123 289 Kaipara 981,161 47,605 36,133 83,738 349 265 615 158 120 278 Auckland Rodney / Auck. City 901,097 44,739 33,508 78,247 380 285 665 168 126 293 Manukau City / Papakura 755,856 35,442 27,228 62,670 426 327 753 162 124 286 Franklin 996,177 47,859 36,636 84,495 428 328 756 185 142 327 Waikato Waikato 1,202,386 59,093 44,584 103,676 508 383 891 181 137 318 Hamilton City 1,105,798 54,408 41,281 95,689 564 428 991 189 143 332 Waipa 1,312,110 65,681 49,277 114,958 585 439 1,024 192 144 336 Otorohanga 1,316,239 66,058 49,479 115,537 527 395 921 183 137 320 Thames-Coromandel 973,510 48,276 36,473 84,749 448 338 786 172 130 302 Hauraki 1,005,818 49,823 37,685 87,508 489 370 859 178 135 313 Matamata-Piako 1,129,156 56,862 42,637 99,499 603 452 1,054 192 144 337 South Waikato 1,544,610 76,563 57,817 134,380 595 449 1,045 200 151 351 Bay of Plenty Western Bay of Plenty 1,262,662 63,217 47,234 110,451 532 398 930 185 138 324 Tauranga 1,014,411 49,999 38,484 88,483 476 367 843 165 127 293 Kawerau/Whakatane 1,241,549 59,750 45,626 105,377 526 402 927 191 146 336 Opotiki 1,152,017 55,937 42,609 98,546 491 374 865 178 135 313 Central Plateau Taupo 2,627,654 130,988 97,997 228,985 495 370 865 183 137 321 Rotorua 1,617,027 79,674 59,772 139,446 502 376 878 183 137 320 Western Uplands Waitomo 1,549,549 78,290 58,764 137,054 375 281 657 153 115 268 Ruapehu 1,477,062 73,505 55,496 129,000 437 330 767 166 125 291 East Coast Gisborne / Wairoa 1,659,168 78,985 60,249 139,235 385 294 679 145 111 256 Hawkes Bay Napier/Hastings 2,062,086 99,599 76,866 176,465 450 347 797 159 123 282 Central Hawkes Bay 2,759,402 132,000 103,640 235,640 528 414 942 186 146 332 Taranaki New Plymouth 949,527 49,153 36,624 85,777 508 379 887 192 143 336 Stratford 934,755 48,139 36,219 84,358 531 400 931 196 148 344 South Taranaki 1,151,109 60,299 44,970 105,269 586 437 1,023 199 148 347 Manawatu Wanganui 1,578,542 72,048 57,670 129,719 509 407 917 201 161 361 Rangitikei 1,830,147 88,740 69,051 157,791 559 435 994 197 154 351 Manawatu 1,553,319 75,109 58,219 133,328 556 431 986 201 156 357 Palmerston North City 1,520,337 73,511 57,203 130,714 532 414 945 199 155 354 Horowhenua 1,695,485 81,262 63,119 144,381 600 466 1,067 213 165 378 Kapiti Coast / Upper Hutt 1,239,925 57,211 45,368 102,579 499 395 894 199 158 357 Wairarapa Tararua 1,208,466 61,130 46,246 107,376 511 386 897 187 142 329 Masterton 2,092,501 101,579 78,525 180,104 654 505 1,159 215 166 381 Carterton 1,499,926 73,707 56,677 130,385 530 408 938 196 151 346 South Wairarapa 1,814,247 90,538 69,629 160,166 565 435 1,000 196 151 347 North Island 1,240,026 61,835 46,676 108,511 515 389 904 186 141 327 18 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

(Table 3.4 continued) Region District Average litres per herd milkfat per herd protein per herd milksolids per herd milkfat per effective hectare protein per effective hectare milksolids per effective hectare milkfat per cow protein per cow milksolids per cow Nelson/Marlborough Marlborough 1,223,207 61,582 46,422 108,004 590 445 1,035 203 153 356 Kaikoura 1,707,831 85,351 65,173 150,523 582 444 1,026 199 152 351 Tasman/Nelson City 1,423,378 73,774 55,262 129,036 549 411 961 195 146 342 West Coast Buller 1,334,651 69,697 51,650 121,347 405 300 706 186 138 325 Grey 1,772,991 92,658 69,472 162,130 443 332 774 195 146 342 Westland 1,328,466 71,904 52,643 124,547 397 291 688 191 140 331 North Canterbury Hurunui 3,905,141 190,509 150,136 340,646 792 624 1,416 215 170 385 Waimakariri 2,618,964 125,739 99,994 225,733 735 585 1,320 212 168 380 Christchurch City 3,300,175 163,548 128,992 292,540 700 552 1,252 216 171 387 Banks Peninsula 1,116,715 52,000 41,490 93,489 422 337 758 183 146 329 Selwyn 3,215,246 156,960 123,650 280,610 705 556 1,261 216 170 386 Ashburton 3,954,566 194,290 153,341 347,631 797 629 1,425 222 175 397 South Canterbury Timaru 3,269,014 158,006 125,278 283,284 758 601 1,359 214 170 384 MacKenzie 3,804,469 187,970 148,460 336,430 699 552 1,251 225 178 403 Waimate 3,605,539 177,773 139,646 317,419 717 563 1,281 211 166 377 Otago Waitaki 3,150,484 154,723 121,747 276,470 737 580 1,317 205 161 366 Dunedin City 1,763,511 84,888 66,584 151,473 577 452 1,029 205 161 366 Clutha 2,253,874 109,067 85,690 194,757 565 444 1,010 204 160 364 Central Otago 3,136,158 161,341 124,305 285,645 637 491 1,127 211 162 373 Southland Gore 2,412,308 119,080 93,013 212,094 564 441 1,005 209 163 372 Invercargill 2,424,762 119,462 94,046 213,508 598 471 1,069 215 169 384 Southland 2,502,976 124,743 97,563 222,306 595 465 1,060 217 170 386 South Island 2,628,920 130,142 101,706 231,848 638 499 1,137 212 166 378 New Zealand 1,587,980 78,948 60,462 139,410 560 429 988 196 150 346 Note: Districts with fewer than four herds have been added to a neighbouring district to preserve anonymity New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 19

C. Operating structures The main operating structures found on New Zealand dairy farms are owner operator, sharemilker and, to a lesser extent, contract milker. Owner operators are farmers who either own and operate their own farms, or who employ a manager to operate the farm for a fixed wage. Owner-operators receive all the farm income, although they may pay wages. Owner operators comprise the largest group of all operating structures, being 65% of all herds. Sharemilking has traditionally been the first step to farm ownership. Sharemilking involves operating a farm on behalf of the farm owner for an agreed share of the farm receipts (as opposed to a set wage). Two types of sharemilking agreement are commonly used: Variable-order sharemilking agreement and 50% agreements. Under the 50% agreement (also called 50/50) the sharemilker owns the herd and any plant and equipment (other than the milking plant) needed to farm the property. The sharemilker is usually responsible for milk harvesting expenses, all stock related expenses, and general farm work and maintenance. The owner is usually responsible for expenses related to maintaining the property. The percentage quoted in a 50% sharemilking agreement usually refers to the proportion of milk income the sharemilker receives. While this percentage is most commonly 50%, it can range from 45% to 55%. Under the 50% agreement the sharemilker receives the agreed percentage of milk income plus the majority of income from stock sales, and the farm owner receives the remaining percentage of milk income. Unlike the 50% agreement, where the owner may have little to do with farm management, a variable-order sharemilking agreement often sees the owner heavily involved in management. The variable-order sharemilking agreement involves the farm owner retaining ownership of the herd and bearing more of the farm costs, such as animal health and breeding. The amount of farm work required by the sharemilker is determined by the individual agreement, with responsibility ranging from herd management only to carrying out all farm work. Contract milkers are contracted to milk a herd at a set price per kilogram of milksolids produced. The rate is set according to the amount of farm work done. In 2012/13, not all farms with contract milkers could be identified, and consequently any farms with contract milkers are included with owner-operators. 65% of all herds are operated as owner-operators 53% of all sharemilkers are 50/50 sharemilkers The number of herds farmed, average herd size, effective area and number of cows per hectare for each of the main operating structures are shown in Table 3.5. In 2012/13, 4,180 (35%) New Zealand dairy herds operated under a sharemilking agreement. Fifty-three percent (2,229) of all sharemilkers have 50/50 agreements. Table 3.5: Herd analysis by operating structure in 2012/13 Operating structure Number of herds Percentage of herds Average herd size Average effective hectares Average cows per effective hectare Owner-operators 7,679 64.6 396 141 2.82 Sharemilkers: less than 20% 224 1.9 667 206 3.23 20-29% 1,140 9.6 442 153 2.88 30-49% 170 1.4 339 119 2.86 50/50 2,229 18.7 376 131 2.88 over 50% 417 3.5 414 140 2.95 All sharemilkers 4,180 35.2 412 141 2.91 Unknown 32 0.3 676 206 3.28 All farms 11,891 402 141 2.85 Note: Contract milkers are included with owner-operators 20 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

Herd production in each of the main operating structure groups is shown in Table 3.6. The table shows that, on average, sharemilkers on less than 20% agreements have the highest production per herd and per effective hectare. Table 3.6: Herd production analysis by operating structure in 2012/13 Operating structure Average litres per herd milkfat per herd milksolids per herd milkfat per effective hectare milksolids per effective hectare milkfat per cow milksolids per cow Owner-operators 1,569,481 77,702 137,332 552 976 196 347 Sharemilkers: less than 20% 2,882,804 143,505 255,135 696 1,237 215 383 20-29% 1,722,018 86,288 152,199 563 993 195 345 30-49% 1,321,828 66,095 116,448 558 983 195 343 50/50 1,460,280 73,349 129,022 562 988 195 343 over 50% 1,652,578 82,127 145,187 586 1,036 198 351 All Sharemilkers 1,621,447 81,218 143,202 575 1,013 197 348 All farms 1,587,980 78,948 139,410 560 988 196 346 Note: Contract milkers are included with owner-operators Changes to the operating structure in the last ten seasons have seen the percentage of 50/50 sharemilkers decrease although the percentage of all sharemilkers increased slightly in 2012/13. Table 3.7 shows the percentage of herds in each operating structure type, whereas Table 3.8 gives the actual number of herds. Table 3.7: Trend in the percentage of herds in each operating structure for the last 10 seasons Operating structure 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 Owner-operators 62.7 63.7 63.9 63.4 63.1 63.6 65.1 65.4 65.8 64.6 Sharemilkers: less than 20% 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.9 20-29% 8.6 8.2 8.6 8.8 9.1 10.4 10.5 10.9 9.9 9.6 30-49% 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.3 1.6 1.4 50/50 23.7 23.3 22.9 22.3 21.7 20.5 19.7 19.2 18.8 18.7 over 50% 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.4 0.2 1.8 3.5 All sharemilkers 37.1 36.1 35.8 35.4 35.4 36.0 34.6 34.6 34.2 35.2 Other/Unknown 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 Table 3.8: Trend in the number of herds in each operating structure for the last 10 seasons Operating structure 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 Owner-operators 8,000 7,820 7,594 7,374 7,215 7,384 7,616 7,677 7,764 7,679 Sharemilkers: less than 20% 78 68 78 93 119 177 147 233 234 224 20-29% 1,094 1,012 1,026 1,019 1,045 1,206 1,222 1,274 1,173 1,140 30-49% 292 257 231 208 198 207 200 273 193 170 50/50 3,027 2,863 2,719 2,599 2,483 2,381 2,303 2,249 2,218 2,229 over 50% 239 228 206 203 199 207 169 29 216 417 All sharemilkers 4,730 4,428 4,260 4,122 4,044 4,178 4,041 4,058 4,034 4,180 Other/Unknown 21 23 29 134 177 56 34 0 0 32 Total 12,751 12,271 11,883 11,630 11,436 11,618 11,691 11,735 11,798 11,891 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 21

Table 3.9 compares the number (and percentage) of owner-operators with sharemilkers by region. In the South Island there were more variable order sharemilkers than 50/50 sharemilkers, while the opposite was the case in 2012/13 in the North Island. Table 3.9: Operating structure by region in 2012/13 Farming region Owneroperators Owneroperators % All share-milkers All share-milkers % 50/50 share-milkers 50/50 share-milkers % Variable order share-milkers Variable order share-milkers % Total herds (excl. unknown) Northland 693 9.0 236 5.6 124 5.6 112 5.7 929 Auckland 269 3.5 160 3.8 99 4.4 61 3.1 429 Waikato 2,204 28.7 1,349 32.3 854 38.3 495 25.4 3,553 Bay of Plenty 408 5.3 188 4.5 110 4.9 78 4.0 596 Central Plateau 303 3.9 167 4.0 103 4.6 64 3.3 470 Western Uplands 58 0.8 28 0.7 17 0.8 11 0.6 86 East Coast 8 0.1 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 9 Hawkes Bay 59 0.8 12 0.3 9 0.4 3 0.2 71 Taranaki 1,017 13.2 717 17.2 354 15.9 363 18.6 1,734 Manawatu 407 5.3 151 3.6 67 3.0 84 4.3 558 Wairarapa 316 4.1 149 3.6 67 3.0 82 4.2 465 North Island 5,742 74.8 3,158 75.6 1,804 80.9 1,354 69.4 8,900 Nelson/Marlborough 192 2.5 44 1.1 24 1.1 20 1.0 236 West Coast 280 3.6 91 2.2 42 1.9 49 2.5 371 North Canterbury 531 6.9 237 5.7 114 5.1 123 6.3 768 South Canterbury 165 2.1 104 2.5 35 1.6 69 3.5 269 Otago 203 2.6 184 4.4 65 2.9 119 6.1 387 Southland 566 7.4 362 8.7 145 6.5 217 11.1 928 South Island 1,937 25.2 1,022 24.4 425 19.1 597 30.6 2,959 New Zealand 7,679 100.0 4,180 100.0 2,229 100.0 1,951 100.0 11,859 22 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13

Table 3.10 shows the number and percentage of owner-operators and sharemilkers by herd size. Table 3.10: Operating structure by herd size in 2012/13 Herd size Owneroperators Owneroperators % All share-milkers All share-milkers % 50/50 share-milkers 50/50 share-milkers % Variable order share-milkers Variable order share-milkers % Total herds (excl. unknown) 10-49 12 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 12 50-99 216 2.8 27 0.6 13 0.6 14 0.7 243 100-149 620 8.1 151 3.6 84 3.8 67 3.4 771 150-199 973 12.7 425 10.2 266 11.9 159 8.1 1,398 200-249 1,110 14.5 615 14.7 388 17.4 227 11.6 1,725 250-299 795 10.4 464 11.1 289 13.0 175 9.0 1,259 300-349 721 9.4 490 11.7 268 12.0 222 11.4 1,211 350-399 454 5.9 325 7.8 166 7.4 159 8.1 779 400-449 465 6.1 316 7.6 158 7.1 158 8.1 781 450-499 336 4.4 236 5.6 115 5.2 121 6.2 572 500-549 322 4.2 217 5.2 102 4.6 115 5.9 539 550-599 254 3.3 164 3.9 72 3.2 92 4.7 418 600-649 246 3.2 145 3.5 56 2.5 89 4.6 391 650-699 164 2.1 105 2.5 45 2.0 60 3.1 269 700-749 136 1.8 98 2.3 34 1.5 64 3.3 234 750-799 124 1.6 72 1.7 35 1.6 37 1.9 196 800-849 131 1.7 60 1.4 23 1.0 37 1.9 191 850-899 87 1.1 45 1.1 24 1.1 21 1.1 132 900-949 80 1.0 35 0.8 15 0.7 20 1.0 115 950-999 56 0.7 26 0.6 17 0.8 9 0.5 82 1000-1099 108 1.4 49 1.2 23 1.0 26 1.3 157 1100-1199 76 1.0 31 0.7 11 0.5 20 1.0 107 1200-1499 110 1.4 54 1.3 20 0.9 34 1.7 164 1500+ 83 1.1 30 0.7 5 0.2 25 1.3 113 Total/Avg 7,679 100.0 4,180 100.0 2,229 100.0 1,951 100.0 11,859 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13 23

D. Breed breakdown Three dairy breeds (Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, and Friesian/Jersey crossbreed) dominate the dairy cow inseminations carried out in New Zealand, as recorded on the LIC National Database. The Jersey breed dominated the national dairy herd until the late 1960s. By 1970, Holstein-Friesian was the dominant dairy breed in New Zealand, as a result of changes in farm management practices and farmers raising larger numbers of dairy calves for beef. Of the other breeds of cattle used to inseminate dairy cows, the main beef breed currently in use is Polled Hereford. Other beef breeds used to a lesser degree include Angus, Belgian Blue, and Simmental. Other breeds of dairy cattle present in smaller numbers in New Zealand include Milking Shorthorn, Guernsey and Brown Swiss. Holstein-Friesian/Jersey crossbreed is emerging as a breed in its own right for the insemination of dairy cows. The percentages of the major dairy breeds for New Zealand and each region are shown in Graphs 3.2 and 3.3. Percentages are given for Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, Holstein-Friesian/Jersey crossbreed and Ayrshire cows with the remaining breeds and crossbreeds grouped into Other. Holstein-Friesian is the prevalent breed in Northland, Bay of Plenty/East Coast and Manawatu/Wairarapa. Holstein-Friesian/Jersey crossbreed is the prevalent breed in Waikato, Taranaki and all South Island regions. The Manawatu/Wairarapa region continues to have the highest percentage of Holstein-Friesian cows (47%) followed closely by Bay of Plenty/East Coast (46%). Tasman/West Coast has the highest proportion of Jerseys (25%) followed by Taranaki (19%). Marlborough/Canterbury has the highest proportion of Holstein-Friesian/Jersey crossbreeds (48%), followed by Otago/Southland (46%). Graph 3.2: Breed percentages of cows for New Zealand in 2012/13 New Zealand 0.7% 8.1% 11.7% Holstein-Friesian / Jersey crossbreed 42.6% Holstein-Friesian Jersey Ayrshire 37.0% Other Graph 3.3: Breed percentages of cows by region in 2012/13 100 90 80 70 42.6 33.7 43.5 36.6 40.7 33.8 43.4 48.4 45.8 Percentage 60 50 40 30 20 10 11.7 37.0 14.2 43.0 13.3 35.2 11.6 45.7 19.1 29.1 11.4 47.2 24.7 19.1 6.1 36.4 6.1 39.7 0 New New Zealand Zealand Northland Waikato Waikato Bay of Plenty Plenty / East East Coast Coast Taranaki Taranaki Manawatu Manawatu / Wairarapa Wairarapa Tasman Tasman / West West Coast Coast Marlborough Marlborough / Canterbury Canterbury Otago Otago / Southland Southland 24 New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2012-13