CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Approach The research approach used in this study is qualitative method supported by contrastive analysis technique. The data collected were analyzed directly. In this study the suitable method used was qualitative method supported by contrastive analysis technique. Based on the book entitled The Analysis of Qualitative Data by Miles (1992) qualitative method is a kind of analysis method which use data in the form of words not number, qualitative method provides a wide descriptive of process that happened in the area which is observed. Contrastive analysis is relevant as in this study the data were identified or analyzed based on the structural differences and similarities of the language. The method used in this study is the content/document analysis. This is in line with the type of the data to be analyzed in the form of text. The use of this method is in accordance with Moleong s idea (in Sriasih: 13) that the most common technique used to take advantages of solid content is the document review. Using such a method, the aspect being focused in the study is the analysis of real symptoms to acquire meaning in context. 3.2 Data Source The data were taken from the movie script The Departed by William Monahan. In this study reading the script was the way to find out the data, in 31
32 addition the movie with same titled The Departed directed by Martin Scorsese was also watched in order to get a clear expression of English slang word uttered by the actors in the film. Figure: 3.1 The cover of the Movie The Departed by William Monahan The movie script The Departed found in website http://script.com/thedeparted-script.html. The movie script The Departed is considered suitable to be the source of this study because many slang expressions appear in this script. The utterances used as the source of the data were taken from the dialogue among the characters in the film and their subtitles. To be specific, they include the English utterance conveying potential slang word features and their subtitles in Indonesian language. The reasons for choosing the movie are as follows : The primary reason of choosing the film was that it is rich in multicultural nature. The film entitled The Departed provides a variety of challenges and constraints to the subtitlers because it displays the setting with different cultural backgrounds. These settings include the mafia and the police.
33 The film entitled The Departed has passed the stages of selection and strict censorship so that it can be distributed legally in Indonesia. Thus, the researcher assumes that the quality of the film and its subtitle are good. The conversations between the characters in the film are solid and fast, giving challenge as well as constraints to the subtitler, among others, limited time to adjust the scene happening in the movie with the subtitles. 3.3 Instrument The purposes of the research and the stages that were carried out in this study are as follows: 1. Transcription sheet: The transcription sheet was used to transcribe the verbal dialogue related to the movie and the slang word and the subtitling in line with the first process were described. 2. Categorization Matrices: This instrument is used to categorize the corpus data, according to the focus of the study listed in the research problem. The data in the matrix were used to answer the research problems. 3.4 Method and Technique of Collecting Data In collecting the data for this study, the technique used was documentation. Documentation is the way to collect data by giving a record or report of the fact of something, especially by using pictures, recordings, note takings, etc. The data collection of this study was done in some stages:
34 The movie under study were watched several times to have a very good understanding out of it. In this stage, the researcher studied the theme, plot, and setting, characters in the film, the monologue, and most importantly the dialogues/conversation between the characters to avoid misunderstanding or misinterpreting the message in the movie. The second step was transcribing the monologue and dialogue contained in the film in English. In the process of transcription, this study used a parallel corpus, in which the source text was importantly considered in analyzing the text of the target text, in this case, Indonesian language subtitle. After going through the stages of transcription of the dialogues in English, the study was followed by transcription of the target text subtitles in Indonesian language. Transcription of both types was done using a transcription sheet as has been described in the research instrument. The final stages of this study were moving the collected data in the transcription sheet into the selection sheet. The selection was used to short out the data which contain the subtitling strategies and the sociolinguistic aspect indicating which one is slang word to make it easier for the researcher in the data analysis. 3.5 Method and Technique Analyzing Data In this study the suitable method was descriptive qualitative method and supported by contrastive analysis technique. Based on the book entitled The
35 Analysis of Qualitative Data by Miles (1992) qualitative method is a kind of analysis method with the data in the form of words not number; qualitative method provide a wide descriptive of process happening in the area observed. Contrastive analysis is relevant because in this study identified or analyzed the structural differences and similarities of the language. As cited in Wikipedia free encyclopedia contrastive method is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. 3.6 Method and Technique Presenting Data The first steps, the data were grouped based on their characteristic. After that the theory from the source book were used to analyze the data. Especially for the data of Indonesian translation of English slang word was categorized based on its concepts whether it has the same or not in both the source language and the target language based on the theory of subtitling technique by Gottlieb. Finally, the collected data and the strategies used by the translator in translating English slang word into Indonesian were identified. Further, as the study employed the descriptive qualitative approach, the interpretation of the finding was particularly concerned with the interpretation of how subtitler combines the subtitling strategies and pragmatic instrument of the movie to render slang word which are described and elaborated as clearly as possible. The interpretation and argument given was based on the empirical data and theories framing the study as elaborated in the previous part. Next, conclusions were drawn and suggestions were provided, for other researchers to
36 conduct similar study in the related field or a study with improvement in the methods used in the present research.