Consulting Engineer D. J. Nyman & Associates 12337 Jones Road, Suite 232 Houston, Texas 77070 (281) 807-4758 Fax (281) 807-4759 NymanDJ@djna.com EDUCATION B.S. Civil Engineering, Mississippi State University, 1969 M.S. Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, 1971 (Structural Mechanics) Ph.D. Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, 1974 (Structural Mechanics) PROFESSIONAL LICENSES Civil Engineer, Alaska and Texas POSITIONS Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, Houston, Texas and Anchorage, Alaska, Engineer, Trans-Alaska Pipeline Staff Engineering Group, July 1973 October 1977. Technical support engineering for pipeline, pump stations, and terminal facilities. University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, Part-time Lecturer, 1976-77. Taught courses in mechanics of materials and earthquake structural engineering. Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Houston, Texas, Senior Project Engineer, Ocean Engineering Group, November 1977 March 1981. Consulting engineering services in the areas of structural mechanics and structural design. Structural Mechanics Associates, Inc., Houston, Texas; Vice President, March 1981 November 1983; President, November 1983 May 1984 (acquisition by National Technical Systems). Consulting engineering services in the areas of structural mechanics, stress analysis, and field measurements for offshore platforms, pipelines, and hydropower plants. National Technical Systems, Structural Mechanics Associates Division, Houston, Texas; Vice President, May 1984 February 1985. Consulting engineering services in the areas of seismic engineering, structural mechanics, and stress analysis for offshore platforms, pipelines, and hydropower plants. D. J. Nyman & Associates, Houston, Texas, Principal Engineer and Owner, March 1985 Present. Mitigation of natural and manmade hazards for oil and gas pipeline systems, nuclear power plants and industrial facilities. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Dr. Nyman has 30 years experience in the areas of structural engineering, stress analysis, engineering mechanics, failure investigations, testing, and instrumentation systems. His consulting services typically relate to pipelines, equipment, piping and structures, subjected to extreme or unusual load conditions, Page 1 of 10
including earthquake ground shaking, forced vibration and impulsive loading. His client base principally includes the pipeline industry, oil and gas production facilities, electric power plants, and heavy industry. Dr. Nyman s broad practice, related mainly to earthquake engineering, has required him to form multidisciplinary teams composed of leading practitioners and academicians nationwide having 20 to 50 years experience each to conduct various projects. Disciplines represented include earthquake geotechnical engineering, geology, fracture mechanics, nonlinear finite element stress analysis, structural design, pipeline design, equipment qualification, field measurement systems, and custom software development. Much of the project work requires consensus building among highly qualified project participants, including both project team members and client representatives. EXPERIENCE PROFILE An abstracted summary of Dr. Nyman s professional highlights follows: Trans-Alaska Pipeline. During his employment with the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) in the mid-1970's, Dr. Nyman was principally engaged in earthquake engineering. This effort involved the application of seismic design methodology to the pipeline system and pump station and terminal facilities. Included in this work was the seismic qualification of mechanical equipment, instrumentation, control systems, and computer hardware. He also conducted numerous engineering and design studies and interacted closely with regulatory agencies reviewing the design. As a consulting engineer, Dr. Nyman conducted a comprehensive program in the mid 1990s to revalidate the seismic design of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, a requirement that ensued from a Federal government audit of pipeline operation. This work consisted of the reassessment of seismic design criteria and preparation of a seismic design basis document, validation of operating systems seismic integrity, and evaluation of pipeline access road bridges. In 1998, Dr. Nyman directed a project to develop, fabricate, install and test a state-of-the-art computer-based seismic monitoring system along the 800-mile pipeline route. More recently, he assisted the Alaska Pipeline Project in the resolution of technical licensing issues related to the renewal of the pipeline right-of-way permit after 25 years of operation. Since the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake in south-central Alaska, he has served as member of a seismic advisory panel charged with identifying post-earthquake investigations, engineering, and retrofits needed to assure continued seismic integrity of the pipeline system. The advisory panel is made up of nationally known experts two engineers and five geologists with combined experience totaling about 275 years. Currently, Dr. Nyman is directing a project to update seismic design criteria and seismic design specifications for TAPS and assisting TAPS with technical issues related to strategic reconfiguration of the pipeline system to improve operational efficiency at flow rates that are approximately one-half the amount accommodated by the original system design. He is currently collaborating with the USGS and the University of Alaska a new-generation seismic monitoring system for Alaska using the USGSdeveloped ShakeMap computer system for rapid post-earthquake determination of ground motion intensity. Sakhalin Island, Russia. Dr. Nyman currently provides seismic engineering consultation, guidance, and analytical support for design of a two pipeline projects on Sakhalin Island, Russia. These two engagements have included the development of a seismic design basis, analysis and design of active fault crossings for several sizes of line pipe, reconnaissance of a pipeline route for potential liquefaction and landslide hazards, and design of crossings of liquefaction zones. Many of the fault crossings involve reverse faults, which present considerable concern due to the compressive loading imparted to the pipeline at the crossing and the potential for buckling or wrinkling of the pipe wall. This work has required extensive communication and interaction with leading USA and Russian geologists and seismologists, as well as with oil company project management. Page 2 of 10
Large-Diameter Oil and Gas Pipelines in Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. Dr. Nyman is currently engaged as seismic design consultant for a large diameter crude oil pipeline project in Turkey. For this project, he has conducted field reconnaissance of pipeline fault crossings, liquefaction and landslide areas, specified design requirements for seismic hazard mitigation, and performed design validation analyses of fault crossings. He is also conducting fault crossing evaluations and designs for crude oil and natural gas pipelines passing through Azerbaijan and the Republic of Georgia. In the field reconnaissance portion of this work, Dr. Nyman was the sole engineering representative on a consulting team composed of himself and six prominent geologists from Turkey, the United Kingdom and the USA. Offshore Baja California. Dr. Nyman is serving as a seismic consultant for preliminary engineering of a large-diameter natural gas pipeline crossing active faults offshore of Baja California and has directed the design validation of various crossing options. Other Pipeline Assessments. Dr. Nyman has conducted studies of the behavior of buried oil and gas pipelines subjected to large ground deformations associated with ground faulting, mining subsidence, intentional lowering and lifting, differential settlement, and mudslides. He conducted an evaluation of the effects of quarry blasting within 100-ft of a large diameter high-pressure gas pipeline. In this assignment, Dr. Nyman worked closely with a geotechnical engineering professor specializing in construction blasting vibrations. He has also investigated the effects of external loading on buried pipelines and designed a buried structure to protect a high-pressure gas pipeline from loads imposed by heavy mining equipment. Dr. Nyman has performed piping vibration measurement programs and analysis studies and has performed static and dynamic analyses of large diameter piping systems. He has also conducted studies and field measurements of the effects of wind-induced vibrations on above-ground pipelines on the North Slope of Alaska. Dr. Nyman has conducted a seismic vulnerability assessment of a large diameter crude oil pipeline that traverses the New Madrid seismic zone in the central United States. The objective of the study was to provide a general assessment of the seismic hazard for the pipeline and to chart a cost-effective course of action for improving its seismic resistance. Emphasis was placed on damage mitigation rather than on improved design or retrofit concepts that were likely to be cost prohibitive. Dr. Nyman recently provided consultation on seismic hazard mitigation for the conversion of an existing natural gas pipeline passing through the New Madrid area to liquid products service. These assignments required association with two nationally known university professors specializing in liquefaction hazard assessment. Dr. Nyman investigated the adverse vibration of large diameter piping in a high-pressure relief system. The investigation involved field measurement of dynamic response and pressure transients, dynamic response analyses, and hardware retrofit. He conducted a model subsidence test with soft clay soil to simulate thaw settlement conditions for pipelines underlain by permafrost or ice lens. He also developed instrumented steel pipe test piles for measurement of frost jacking forces in the Alaska. Penstocks and Surge Tanks. Dr. Nyman directed the investigation of the potential for brittle fracture of large diameter penstocks and surge tanks at four major dams on the Missouri River in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota: Fort Peck, Garrison, Oahe, and Fort Randall. Riveted construction was used at Fort Peck, and welded steel fabrication was used at the other three locations. The focus of the investigation revolved around the quality of the steel, welding and welding imperfections, and load rate. Two nationally known experts in brittle fracture, both professors at leading universities, were engaged as key consultants on this assignment. At one location, the load condition was exacerbated by the formation of thick ice inside the surge tanks during periods of winter temperature extremes, a condition that required special evaluation through a strain-gage measurement program. Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Dr. Nyman has performed and supervised analyses of deepwater offshore platform connections and joints using linear and nonlinear finite element approaches. Page 3 of 10
Representative projects consisted of pile-to-jacket connections, launch cradles, and tubular joints. In conjunction with this activity, he conducted an instrumentation project that involved the monitoring of strains in a 700-ft water depth offshore platform during load-out and towing. Dr. Nyman has also served as a consultant for structural design of drilling equipment and substructures on offshore platforms to withstand seismic loading. Dr. Nyman directed the design an innovative 90-ton floating structure that was used to seal the bottom of a 39-ft diameter drill-ship moon-pool to permit dewatering for repairs without the need for a dry dock. This project was fast-tracked within a one-month period to permit repairs to be made in a coastal bay between drilling operations. This project included the stress analysis and engineering evaluation of a hang-off structure to hold a disconnected 7,000-ft long riser pipe above the seafloor during storm conditions. The project required intense, daily contact with oil company project managers and technical representatives, as well as the fabricator, who was cutting and welding steel plate almost in lock-step with the design. Nuclear Power. Dr. Nyman served for four years in an essentially full-time structural engineering consulting role on a multi-disciplinary team to assist a major nuclear power utility in its efforts to obtain an operating license. This assignment consisted of the review of design criteria and procedures for adequacy, review of design implementation, evaluation of proposed corrective actions, and preparation of reports to support licensing positions. In the end, virtually the entire plant was independently validated for design loads, and numerous retrofits were necessary to achieve regulatory compliance. Licensing was successful, and the plant has been in operation over 15 years. Professional Activities. Dr. Nyman has participated in professional activities related to seismic design of pipelines. During the early 1980's, he was principal investigator for a project to develop the first comprehensive guidelines for the seismic design of oil and gas pipeline systems. This work was performed during a three-year period under the auspices of the American Society of Civil Engineers with funding provided by the National Science Foundation. This seminal work is considered by many to be the authoritative guide for earthquake engineering of pipelines, and it has been used worldwide for nearly 20 years. In the past several years, Dr. Nyman has been engaged as a coauthor of new pipeline seismic guide scheduled for publication by the Pipeline Research Council of the Gas Research Institute in 2005. This document will serve to update the previous work published through ASCE. In the early 1990 s, Dr. Nyman was selected by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to draft a plan for the development of national earthquake standards for gas and liquid fuel lifeline systems. The plan was submitted to the Office of Management and Budget and for use as a guide for the development of seismic standards for oil and gas transmission lines, gas distribution systems, oil storage tanks, and refineries. Dr. Nyman also served as a member of an assessment team to review the effectiveness of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program in mitigating seismic hazards to the built environment. His review scope pertained to lifeline systems (electric power, transportation, communications, energy pipelines, and water and sewer systems). In 2003, Dr. Nyman was a member of an expert panel formed by the National Research Council of the National Academies to develop a longterm research agenda for the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES). He recently completed a two-year term as a member of an external advisory panel for the Cornell University NEES test facility for buried pipelines. Page 4 of 10
AWARDS Distinguished Alumnus Award, University of Illinois, Department of Civil Engineering, 2001, for major contributions to the seismic design and physical vulnerability analysis of oil and gas pipeline systems. Charles Martin Duke Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Award, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002, for his many published contributions to the practice of lifeline earthquake engineering and particularly as the principal author of the work, Seismic Design of Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems, ASCE 1984, for his long-term service to TCLEE/ASCE, and for his continuing significant contributions to lifeline earthquake engineering practice. Stephen D. Bechtel Pipeline Engineering Award, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005, for his pioneering work in the seismic siting of major pipelines and associated facilities throughout the world and for his published contributions applicable to practice. AFFILIATIONS Fellow, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Member, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Member, Seismological Society of America (SSA) Member and Past Chairman, Gas and Liquid Fuel Lifelines Committee, ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Member and Past Chairman, Executive Committee, ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Member, Task Committee on Seismic Design and Evaluation of Petrochemical Facilities, Petrochemical Energy Committee, ASCE Energy Division Member, Committee to Develop a Long-Term Research Agenda for the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), National Research Council, Washington DC Member, External Advisory Board, Cornell University, Large Displacement Soil-Structure Interaction Facility for Lifeline Systems, Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Member, NEES Consortium, Inc., George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation PUBLICATIONS 1. Observations and Lessons Learned from Three Decades of Seismic Hazard Mitigation for Major Oil and Gas Pipeline Projects, Proceedings of the Eighth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (100 th Anniversary Conference Commemorating the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake), Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, April 2006, with W. J. Hall and L. C. Cluff. 2. Liquefaction Hazard Mitigation for Oil and Gas Pipelines, Proceedings of the Eighth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (100 th Anniversary Conference Commemorating the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake), Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, April 2006, with D. G. Honegger and T. L. Youd. 3. Mitigation of Fault Crossing Hazards for the AGT Pipelines Project through Azerbaijan and Georgia, Proceedings of the International Conference on Terrain and Geohazard Challenges Facing Onshore Page 5 of 10
Oil and Gas Pipelines, held June 2003 in London, UK, M. Sweeney, editor, Institution of Civil Engineers, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2005, with P. C. Thenhaus and G. Moscarda. 4. Guidelines for the Seismic Design and Assessment of Natural Gas and Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipelines, prepared for the Pipeline Design, Construction & Operations Technical Committee of Pipeline Research Council International, Inc., 2004, with D. G. Honegger. 5. Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Performance in the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake, Earthquake Spectra, Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Vol. 20, No. 3, August, 2004, pp. 707-738, with D. G. Honegger, E. R. Johnson, L. S. Cluff, and S. P. Sorensen. 6. Near-Field Ground Motion of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake Recorded at Pump Station 10, Earthquake Spectra, Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Vol. 20, No. 3, August, 2004, pp. 597-615, with W. L. Ellsworth, M. Celebi, J.R. Evans, E.G. Jensen, R. Kayen, M. C. Metz, J. W. Roddick, P. Spudich, and C. D. Stephens. 7. State-of-the-Art Approach for the Analysis and Design of Buried Pipeline Fault Crossings, Advancing Mitigation Technologies and Disaster Response, Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Long Beach, CA, TCLEE, ASCE, 2003, J. E. Beavers, editor, with D. G. Honegger and P.C. Thenhaus. 8. Response of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline to the Magnitude 7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake, Advancing Mitigation Technologies and Disaster Response, Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Long Beach, CA, TCLEE, ASCE, 2003, J. E. Beavers, editor, with W. J. Hall, E. R. Johnson and J. D. Norton. 9. Trans-Alaska Pipeline Emergency Response and Recovery, Magnitude 7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake, Advancing Mitigation Technologies and Disaster Response, Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Long Beach, CA, TCLEE, ASCE, 2003, J. E. Beavers, editor, with E. R. Johnson and C. H. Roach. 10. Preventing Earthquake Disasters, The Grand Challenge in Earthquake Engineering, National Academy Press, member of Committee to Develop a Long-Term Research Agenda for the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), W. F. Marcuson, III, Chair, 2003. 11. Guidelines for the Seismic Design and Assessment of Natural Gas and Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipelines, Proceedings of IPC02, 2002 International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, September 29 October 3, 2002, with D. G. Honegger and R. W. Gailing. 12. "New Trans-Alaska Pipeline Earthquake Monitoring System," Proceedings, Fifth U.S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Optimizing Post-Earthquake Lifeline System Reliability, American Society of Civil Engineers, Seattle, Washington, August 1999, with E. L. Nelson and C. H. Roach. 13. "Verification of Trans-Alaska Pipeline Operating Systems for Seismic Integrity," Proceedings, 6th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Seismic Design and Mitigation for the Third Millennium, Seattle, Washington, June, 1998, with J. L. White and M. D. Anderson. 14. "Seismic Design Verification of Cable Tray Systems, Trans-Alaska Pipeline," Proceedings, 6th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Seismic Design and Mitigation for the Third Millennium, Seattle, Washington, June, 1998, with C. P. Mortgat, J. P. Conoscente, and M. D. Anderson. 15. Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical Facilities, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 1997, contributing author with the ASCE Task Committee on Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical FAcilities, G. Johnson and F. Hsiu, editors. Page 6 of 10
16. "Assessment of Earthquake Vulnerability of Critical Industrial Facilities in the Central and Eastern United States," Proceedings, Fifth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, EERI, pp. IV-295 to IV-304, 1994, with J. E. Beavers and W. J. Hall. 17. "Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment of a 40-Inch Crude Oil Pipeline in the Central United States," Proceedings, 1993 National Earthquake Conference, Memphis, Tennessee, May 1993, with W. J. Prosser, Y. Moriwaki, and T. D. O'Rourke. 18. "An Assessment of Earthquake Vulnerability of Critical Industrial Facilities in the Central and Eastern United States," Proceedings, 1993 National Earthquake Conference, Memphis, Tennessee, May 1993, with J. E. Beavers and W. J. Hall. 19. "Mitigation of Seismic Hazards for Oil and Gas Pipelines," The Art and Science of Structural Engineering, Proceedings of the Symposium Honoring William J. Hall, Prentice Hall, April 1993. 20. "Seismic Effects and Buckling Behavior of Pipelines in the Central and Eastern United States," Proceedings, Earthquake Stability Problems in Eastern North America, Structural Stability Research Council, 1992 Annual Technical Session, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 6 7, 1992, with J. E. Beavers and C. R. Hammond. 21. "Scenario for Improving the Seismic Resistance of Pipelines in the Central United States," Proceedings, Third U.S. Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, Los Angeles, California, August 1991, with W. J. Hall. 22. "Seismic Design of Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems," Proceedings, Workshop on Abatement of Seismic Hazards to Lifelines, Vol. 5, Building Seismic Safety Council, Denver, Colorado, November 1986, with R. P. Kennedy. 23. "Operations and Maintenance Considerations for Mitigation of Earthquake Effects on Oil and Gas Pipelines," Proceedings, Workshop on Abatement of Seismic Hazards to Lifelines, Vol. 5, Building Seismic Safety Council, Denver, Colorado, November 1986. 24. "An Approximate Procedure for Assessing the Effects of Mudslides on Offshore Pipelines," Journal of Energy Resources Technology, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 104, No. 4, December 1985, with P. B. Summers. 25. "Pipeline Stress Analysis for Lowering Operations, Proceedings, ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1985, with P. B. Summers. 26. "PIPESAG A Microcomputer Program to Assess the Effects of Large Ground Deformations on Buried Pipelines, Proceedings, ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1985, with P. B. Summers. 27. "Wind-Induced Fatigue Damage Estimated for Surface Oil Pipelines in the Arctic," Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 83, No. 27, July 8, 1985, with D. G. Honegger and K. J. Nyman. 28. "Wind-Induced Vibration of Aboveground Arctic Pipelines, Proceedings of the Fourth International Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symposium, Dallas, Texas, February 1985, with D. G. Honegger and K. J. Nyman. 29. Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 1984, 473 p., with the ASCE Committee on Gas and Liquid Fuel Lifelines, D. J. Nyman, Principal Investigator. 30. "Seismic Design Considerations for Oil and Gas Lifelines," presented at Workshop on Research Needs and Priorities in Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, Asilomar, California, May 1984. Page 7 of 10
31. "Wave Propagation Effects on Buried Pipelines," Proceedings, U.S. Japan Workshop on Buried Pipelines and Telecommunications Systems, Tsukuba, Japan, December 1984. 32. Study of the Factors Affecting the Safety of Arctic Pipelines, report prepared for the U. S. Department of Transportation, Office of Pipeline Safety Regulation, Grant No. DOT-RL-92050, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, California, November 1981, with W. T. Black, D. M. Holloway, U. Luscher, and H. P. Thomas. 33. "Earthquake Monitoring System Trans-Alaska Pipeline," Proceedings, Second Specialty Conference of the Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, ASCE, Oakland, California, August 1981, with V. J. McDonald and G. G. Simmons. 34. "Lifeline Engineering Approach to Seismic Qualification," Journal of the Technical Councils of ASCE, Vol. 105, No. TC1, April, 1979, presented at the ASCE Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Specialty Conference, Los Angeles, California, August 1977, with T. L. Anderson. 35. "Observations on the Process of Equipment Qualification," Proceedings, U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, June 1975, with W. J. Hall, V. J. McDonald, and N. M. Newmark. 36. "Organizational Model for Design Specifications, Journal of the Structural Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 101, No. ST4, Proc. Paper 11227, April 1975, with S. J. Fenves. 37. "Restructuring Study of the AISC Specification, Civil Engineering Studies, Structural Research Series No. 393, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 1973, with S. J. Fenves and R. N. Wright. SELECTED PUBLIC-DOMAIN REPORTS 1. Investigation of the Potential for Brittle Fracture of Penstocks, Surge Tanks, and Risers at Fort Peck, Oahe, and Fort Randall Power Plants, report prepared for U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, Nyman Associates, Houston, Texas, August 1986, with W. A. Hitchcock, S. T. Rolfe, and W. J. Hall. 2. Investigation of the Potential for Brittle Fracture of the Surge Tanks at Garrison Power Plant, report prepared for U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District, Structural Mechanics Associates, Inc., Houston, Texas, September 1984, with S. T. Rolfe and W. J. Hall. 3. Study of the Factors Affecting the Safety of Arctic Pipelines, report prepared for the U. S. Department of Transportation, Office of Pipeline Safety Regulation, Grant No. DOT-RL-92050, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, California, November 1981, with W. T. Black, D. M. Holloway, U. Luscher, and H. P. Thomas. TOPICS OF SELECTED PROPRIETARY REPORTS 1 1. Evaluation of offshore pipeline fault crossing, proposed Baja California LNG receiving terminal. 2. Evaluation of subsidence-induced lateral ground displacement on buried pipeline bends. 3. Seismic design criteria for a pipeline system, Sakhalin Island, Russia. 4. Evaluation of pipeline fault crossings, Sakhalin Island, Russia (two projects). 5. Liquefaction hazard investigation, Sakhalin Island, Russia (two projects). 6. Field reconnaissance and review of pipeline seismic hazards and mitigation strategy, Turkey. 1 Reports are listed by general topic; not actual titles. Page 8 of 10
7. Evaluation of fault crossings for large diameter oil and gas pipelines in Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, and Turkey. 8. Analysis and design of a large diameter welded steel water pipeline to accommodate seismic fault movements (Jordan). 9. Investigation of the effects of subsidence-induced fault movements on liquids and natural gas pipelines in the Houston, Texas areas (normal slip creep movement). 10. Analysis and design of a large diameter natural gas pipeline to accommodate maximum credible surface rupture movements at six fault crossings (California). 11. Evaluation of pipeline company procedures for intentional lowering of in-service pipelines (generic). 12. Study of the effects of mining subsidence on a natural gas pipeline (Illinois). 13. Evaluation of the effects of settlement and dredge spoil overburden loads on seven pipelines in a pipeline corridor (Texas Gulf Coast). 14. Analysis of offshore pipeline risers and "doglegs" for thermal expansion loading. 15. Investigation of the effects of external loading from ore (mining) trucks on a high pressure buried pipeline and design of a buried protective structure (New Mexico). 16. Study of the effects of wind-induced vibrations on above-ground arctic pipelines (Alaska). 17. Dynamic testing of an above-ground arctic pipeline to determine structural damping characteristics. 18. Analysis of free stress bending effects on a 16-inch pipeline subjected to settlement (Brazil). 19. Seismic vulnerability assessment of a large diameter crude oil pipeline adjacent to the New Madrid seismic zone in the Central United States. 20. Model subsidence test in soft clay to simulate thaw settlement conditions for pipelines underlain by permafrost or ice lens. 21. Investigation of pressure transients in a high pressure relief system. The investigation involved field measurement of dynamic response and pressure transients, dynamic response analyses, and mitigation through structural retrofit (Alaska). 22. Development of procedures and criteria for lifting a 40-inch diameter crude oil pipeline while in operation for the purpose of repairing the corrosion protective coating (central United States). 23. Specifications for the seismic design of pump station and terminal structures and seismic qualification of equipment. 24. Expert validation review of the seismic studies conducted for the Yadana Onbingwin Pipeline (Burma) and development of cost-effective recommendations for seismic hazard mitigation. 25. Assessment of the adequacy of seismic design criteria for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and station and terminal facilities. 26. System description, operations and maintenance manual for earthquake monitoring system hardware and software for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline 27. Seismic design verification review of instrumentation and control systems, mechanical and electrical equipment, and miscellaneous hardware at twelve Trans-Alaska Pipeline pump stations, remote valve facilities, and the Valdez Marine Terminal. 28. Seismic design verification review of cable tray systems at twelve Trans-Alaska Pipeline pump stations and the Valdez Marine Terminal. Page 9 of 10
29. Evaluation of the effects of quarry blasting on a large-diameter, high-pressure natural gas pipeline and development of recommended practice for blasting. Page 10 of 10