ANNA SIVULA Cultural Heritage Studies
THE PORI COTTON FACTORY - A case of Industrial Heritage
THE PORI COTTON FACTORY - A CASE OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE 1. Case of industrial History: Pori Cotton Factory 1898-1994 2. Case of Cultural Heritage: Pori Cotton Factory 1977 3. How to understand a Cultural Heritage community?
1. CASE OF INDUSTRIAL HISTORY: PORI COTTON FACTORY 1898-1994
ON THE EDGE 1898-1936 1898-1922: Difficulties, bancrupties, war and survivings 1923-1936: Outsider of the Finnish Cotton Cartel, Investments in machines, buildings and technology
THE ERA OF GROWTH 1936-1960 End of the Cotton War New products: Viscose
FUNCTIONING FACTORY 1958
STAFF
THE MERGER OF 1973 11.12.1973 Oy Finlayson Ab Porin Puuvilla
NEW VISIONS IN 1973: HYBRID OF RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS
THE CRISIS OF THE EUROPEAN AND U.S. TEXTILE INDUSTRY 1975 -
THE DECLINE OF PORI COTTON FACTORY 1976-1989 Competition with imported textiles. Weaving mill was destroyed by fire 20.5 1981. Spinning mill and yarn factory were closed 11.8.1985.
NONSTOPPERS?
THE LAST TEXTILE WORKERS LEFT THIS BUILDING IN 1994 The NonStoppers continued in the buildings with less than 300 employees (1986-1994.)
NEW BEGINNINGS 1990-1996? 1990- Renovated offices: Information enterprises, light industries, Tropical spa (1992-2000) Warehouses
NEW HORIZONS AND DISCUSSIONS 1990-1996? Open university for senior citizens? Shops, offices, exhibition and cultural facilities, housing?
2. CASE OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE: PORI COTTON FACTORY 1977
IT TAKES A HISTORY FOR TO MAKE AN INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE
COMPANY HISTORIES OF PORI COTTON FACTORY 1948 1958 1973
INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN FINLAND? NOT UNTIL 1970 S.
INVENTING LOCAL INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AND LANDSCAPE IN PORI The concept of Industrial Heritage reached the cotton factory Pori in 27.3.1977
27.3.1977: INHABITANTS OF PORI TOWN CANNOT IMAGINE THE LANDSCAPE WITHOUT THESE BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS. 27.3.1977 a headline in the front page of the local newspaper Satakunnan Kansa: The Cotton will not be torn down! The magnificent red brick factory buildings of Pori Cotton are rooted in the northern banks of the river, and the inhabitants of Pori town cannot imagine the landscape without these beautiful buildings. The factory management promises they do not have to. This beautiful industrial milieu, designed by the famous architect August Krook, will maintain its present appearance from the outside, although the inside of the factory needs to be updated to meet the needs of the modern industrial activities.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION 1985-1987 Inventories of industrial environment of Satakunta 1985- (Liisa Nummelin and Juhani Lukka, publ. 1987.): Pori cotton factory one of objects
REUSING THE FACTORY - MORE OR LESS INSPIRED IDEAS 1984-1990 Plans 1984: New textile factory, storehouses, hotel, Culture center, Circus ja exhibition center, Shopping mall and shops, telephone company, Pori music school, Exhibition hall for 5000-10 000 visitors, Ice hockey arena, Technical university, Media acitivities, computer museum Realized ideas 1984: Dance school, Jazz festival, temporary theater 1985: seminars, happenings 1988-1989: A theater, art exhibitions, expoactivities, 30 small industrial companies, workshops and offices
PLANNED AND REALIZED OPTIONS 1997-2004 1997-2004 Custom made offices, local municipalities, information intensive enterprises. Universites Restaurants, cafees 1997-2004 Custom made offices, local municipalities, information intensive enterprises Universities (1999, 2000, 2001, 2004) Restaurants, coffeeshop
COMMUNITY OF RE-USERS 2004-2013 University Consortium (2004) Health Center (2005) Local Newspaper (2009) New Shopping Mall (2014) Some old buildings demolished: No resistance
AGENCY IN LOCAL HERITAGE PROCESS The play of agency and structure happens as we build: we mold buildings, they mold us, we mold them anew Gieryn, Thomas F.: What buildings do. Theory and Society 31, 2002, 72.
3. HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE CULTURAL HERITAGE COMMUNITY
CULTURAL HERITAGE COMMUNITY IN PORIN PUUVILLA? Strong resistence against the plans of removing the University Consortium in 2013. Discussions in the local newspaper According to results of my inquiry 90 % of students and 97 % of Turku University staff wanted to stay in the old factory. The most common argument of the resistence was: Historical environment! 600 subscribers in an e-petition
APPROACHING A HERITAGE COMMUNITY ATTACHED TO THE SITE How did these particular remains of industrial activities become cultural heritage? Who constructed the meaning and interpretation? Who finances the maintenance of the industrial heritage? Who uses the industrial heritage, and for what purpose?
THE CONSTRUCTORS OF HISTORICAL MEANING AND INTERPRETATION OF PORI COTTON FACTORY 1. the hometown community of Pori 2. local journalists and regional newspaper 3. regional museum 4. regional council of Satakunta 5. academic researchers, artists 6. community of the users and tenants of the site
WHO FINANCES THE MAINTENANCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE? Owned by a private real estate development company, maintenance of the industrial heritage is financed by the tenants.
WHO USES THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE, AND FOR WHAT PURPOSE? - locals, with their private and public memories - amateur historians, local historians - heritage administration - owners - users and tenants of the buildings - local politicians - (other users of public space)
MEMBERS OF A HERITAGE COMMUNITY 1. share and use histories. 2. experience to have a project or a mission in common. 3. value some tangible or intangible traces of their past as symbols of the community.
IDENTITY WORK OF CULTURAL HERITAGE COMMUNITY Shared history Trace of past, symbol Participant experience
MONUMENTAL IDENTITY WORK Shared history Trace of past, symbol
HISTORICIZING IDENTITY WORK Shared history Participant experience
POSSESSIONAL IDENTITY WORK Participant experience Trace of past, symbol
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