Sino-Sweden Waste-to-Energy and Materials Initiative

Sino-Sweden Waste-to-Energy and Materials Initiative Outline The project proposal is aiming at promoting the establishment of the long term sustainable contacts between Sweden and China in the field of waste-to-energy and materials (WtEM) and to further extend the established networks with the final goal to export of Swedish WtEM technology. In order to address this, we will fist establish a platform for a Swedish Chinese collaboration, facilitating research, development, deployment, demonstration and also implementation of advanced energy and materials recycling from Municipal Solid Waste. The approach to achieve this is to survey of the state of the art of recycling to energy and materials from MSW, organize two workshops, one in Sweden and one is China, identify the socio-technical barriers and finally formulate a project for phase B. Background Each Swedish citizen produces about 500 kg of household waste per year. The majority of this household waste or municipal solid waste (MSW) is today recovered or reused and only around four percent goes for landfill. Waste incineration is the major method to treat MSW, and the heat recovered from MSW can provide 20 % (around 810 000 households) of all the heat needed for district heating in Sweden. In addition to heat, it also provides with electricity corresponding to the amount of needs for almost 250 000 households [1]. These facts, together with the strict standards, limiting emissions from waste incineration, introduced already in the 1980s, show that Sweden is the global leader in waste-to-energy recovery. The successful experience from treatment of waste in Sweden includes continuous technology development, long-term and sustained work, involving municipalities and their companies in cooperation with private stakeholders. This extensive experience and knowhow resources in waste management, regulatory formulation and utilization technologies, such as collection systems, materials recycling systems, systems for biological treatment as well as systems for incineration and energy recovery, can be used for developing China s systems for managing and utilizing waste as a resource. China, with the rapid economic growth, faces a tremendous crisis in terms of producing colossal amounts of waste with approximately 180 million tons waste produced at year 2011 [2].. The amount increases with 8-10% every year. To address this problem, that the Chinese government plans to fund environmental protection mitigations reaching 3.1 trillion RMB Ruan, during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15) [2]. Of this funding s approximately 800 billion RMB Ruan is for the solid waste disposal industry. Although, China has initiated activities to handle the waste problem there is a need to further develop the waste management systems, improve 1

MSW treatment technologies, as well as increase the Chinese citizen s awareness, motivation and participation in the area. Today there is a number of ongoing active cooperation between Sweden and China on this topic, where the Swedish Environmental Technology in China is one example [3]. The major part of this cooperation is based on traditional technologies, such as incineration. Waste-toenergy (WtE) plants based on incineration have significantly lower energy efficiencies (13-24%) than plants using biomass due to lower steam data to avoid problems, such as, fouling and deposit formation on heat exchange surfaces. Apart from these problems, acidic gases, such as HCl, SOx, NOx, HF and VOC s (such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans PCDD/Fs) which are harmful, are emitted. Moreover, the solid residuals in form of ashes cannot be recovered and have to go as landfill. Household wastes generally consist of a lot of useful materials. A large fraction of plastics is one typical example. In some specific wastes, for example, waste electronic equipment, called E- waste, is a mixture of various materials, and can therefore be regarded as a resource of metals, such as Cu, Al, Fe, Pb, Zn as well as noble metals like Ag, Au, Pt, Pd or even rare elements such like Ta. Effective separation of these is the key for developing an effective recycling system. To-date technologies have to deal with these problems, to be more energy efficient, environmentally friendly and economically attractive; recovering both energy and materials. Thermo-chemical treatment, including e.g. gasification and pyrolysis, is examples of candidates to convert waste into energy and material, with simultaneous conversion into environmentally harmless and less voluminous substances. The produced gas in these processes can be used in many applications, such as lime and brick kilns, metallurgical furnaces, as raw material for syngas with possible further upgrading in Fisher Tropsch synthesis and so on,. This will result in more sustainable and effective waste management with higher efficiencies and market opportunities. Today, numerous innovations and technologies on MSW treatment, including thermal pyrolysis, gasification, and waste pretreatment to biocoal etc are still kept insides universities, and SMEs in Sweden. To industrialize and/or demonstrate these technologies, plant location, fundings and research partners are needed. The proposed project intends to enable the implementation of such technologies to create new business opportunities. Purpose The purpose is to establish a platform for Swedish Chinese collaboration, facilitating research, development, deployment, demonstration and use of advanced energy and material recycling from Municipal Solid Waste with the target to make a sustainable urban society. Best practice waste WtEM technologies and processes of today will be transferred to the Chinese municipality and new jointly developed technology will be implemented on both sides in areas where needs for further improvement are identified. The platform will be part of the established KTH- SJTU (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) Joint Centre of Energy and Materials in order to enable and ensure a long term sustainable and progressive development. 2

Objectives Project Title: Sino-Sweden WtEM Platform The objectives of the present project (phase A) are to: Establish a platform for cooperation between the KTH-SJTU Centre of Energy and Materials with Swedish industry and other Swedish research organizations to form a bridge for transfer of Swedish technology and to promote joint research of new technologies needed. Identify and understand the socio-technical barriers, and solution for recycling energy and materials from MSW. Identify the major technical barriers for efficient and sustainable WtEM as well as Formulate a specific project or projects, addressing technical barriers for the clean and efficient use of MSW. This project will focus on facilitating the verification of the early innovation solutions on recycling of energy and material developed by Swedish industries and KTH. Results and benefits The project will in the long term lead to increased business opportunities for the Swedish industry as new services, existing as well as new developed technologies will be implemented in the municipality and industry of Shanghai in China. New technologies will of course also be utilized in Sweden when feasible. In the short term, the project will gain knowledge of the state-of-art recycling technology and best practice of WtEM recycling will be surveyed. Also, socio-technical barriers will be identified; barriers in form of e.g. traditions and lack of knowledge, that often are significant hindrances implementing new technologies or management systems that directly affect individuals. This knowledge will form the basis for R&D projects targeted on relevant bottlenecks for the industrialization of new technologies and processes improving the sustainable management of WtEM. The established WtEM platform, with the KTH-SJTU Joint Centre of Energy and Materials as the hub, will form an excellent bridge between the Swedish and Chinese industries, universities, research institutions and municipalities. This platform can serve as a starting point for establishing new projects, collaborations as well as business creation. Competences of each actor Partner 1 KTH KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, was founded in 1827 and is the largest of Sweden s universities of technology. Education and research cover a broad spectrum from natural sciences to all the branches of engineering as well as architecture, industrial engineering and management, urban planning, work science and environmental engineering. KTH has joined the KIC-InnoEnergy program [4]. Under this program, teams from KTH have participated in a lot of projects on the topic of clean coal, biomass and fuel cells. KTH 3

coordinates one research node in Swedish Gasification Center (SFC), which is led by Prof Klas Engval, Dept of Chemical Engineering and Technology. KTH has an energy platform which all the energy researchers including biomass clean coal and fuel cells work [5]. Recently, KTH has also established a Join Center of Energy and Material with Shanghai Jiaotong University, China including biomass, clean coal and fuel cells led by Prof Ramon Wyss [6]. At the Division of Energy and Furnace Technology (EFT), and Division of Chemical Engineering (KET), KTH, we have been work on gasification and pyrolysis for a very long time. In EFT, a unique solution, gasification and/pyrolysis using high preheated agent including steam and air has been developed. A batch type reactor, and a 500 kw continuous gasifier and a fluidized pyrolysis with 2kg/ hour of liquid production have been established. Weihong Yang, PhD, born in 1968-07-25, is a Docent, Head of the Division of Energy and Furnace Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden. Research fields focus on renewable energy with both experimental and simulation methods. He has published over 50 papers in international journals and 70 in conferences. He has also carried out and managed a lot of research projects financed by Swedish and international agencies, including Jernkontoret, Vetenskapsrådet, Energimyndigheten and EU, and in co-operation with European and Japanese industries. He owns 4 PCT patents including patents pending. He has been involved in spin-off Innovation Company. He also works on a project together with STENA on MSW funded by Energimyndigheten and Plasma gasification of waste funded by EER Company since 2007. He has also organized Polish Swedish Seminar on Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste in the Heat and Power Sector in Stockholm during May 23 rd -25 th of 2011 [7]., which was supported by Economical Society Polish Power Plants, Polish Chamber of Power Industry and Environment Protection, Polish Ministry of Environment, and Embassy of Poland in Stockholm Weihong has a long-term cooperation with China. For example, he coordinated an EU Asia-link project in the field of energy efficiency and environment for process industry during 2005 to 2008. A partnership with Beijing Shenwu Corp, China has been signed since 2011, and the details of research project are on the way of negotiating. He has also long-term cooperation with Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, China, Tongji University, Center South University, North Electric and Power University etc. He is also deputy of KTH-SJTU join center for Energy. Professor Klas Engvall has broad experiences of R&D, as researcher and research leader, within the field thermo-chemical conversion both from the academia and the industry. The activities cover process monitoring techniques for alkali species and tars, fuel flexibility in combustion of biomass and waste, agglomeration problems in fluidised bed, gasification of biomass and waste, high temperature corrosion, gas cleaning and upgrading in gasification processes, reforming of tars and biooil, as well as catalysis and surface science in general. He has an extensive experience in project leadership from national and EU projects, as well as management of human resources in the industry and academia. Professor Klas Engvall is currently heading the gasification research group at the Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Technology at KTH and is also responsible for coordinating the R&D in the KTH research node of the Swedish Gasification Centre supported by the Swedish Energy Agency, the industry and the academia. He is also 4

member of the KIC InnoEnergy Strategic Core Team for the thematic area Energy from Chemical Fuels, coordinated by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Partner 2: IVL - Swedish Environmental Research Institute IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute is an independent, non-profit organisation, owned by a foundation jointly established by the Swedish Government and Swedish industry. IVL works with applied research and contract assignments for an ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable growth within the business world and society at large. The institute comprises Sweden s largest group of environmental experts and employs around 200 people, which makes IVL a leading institute for applied environmental research and consultancy services. IVL undertakes both research projects and contract assignments in the entire environmental field. The activities include for example climate issues, environmental technology, indoor environment, waste management, working environment, environmental measurements, and environmental quality evaluation. IVL also has a office in Beijing China today. IVL has a general interest in development of waste management technologies, waste inventories and system analyses of waste treatment. For example: IVL have, together with Statistics Sweden with Swedish Environmental Protection Agency as client, been involved in surveying all waste generation and all waste treatment in Sweden IVL have worked with system analyses (LCA, LCC and CBA and similar) of waste management (including recycling) from the beginning of the 1990's. The work has included both methodology development and performing of studies for national authorities, local authorities and private companies. IVL is currently leading a national research program Towards A Sustainable Waste Management which is assessing strategies and instruments for a sustainable waste management. In the program environmental aspects, economic aspects and social aspects of different strategies and policy instruments are assessed. Key experts involved in the project Jan-Olov Sundqvist. Senior researcher. Jan-Olov has worked with research and development in waste management since 1973. Key projects: LCA and system analyses of waste management, inventory of waste and waste treatment, waste statistics, classification of waste, waste management planning, waste management in development countries. Reference Projects 2010: Environmental impacts from Swedish waste management (covering all municipal, industrial and hazardous wastes in Sweden). Client: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Position in project: project leader 2004-2010: Production of national waste statistics (generation and treatment) according to EU:s Waste Statistics Regulation. Position in project: project leader. Client: Swedish EPA 2008-2009: Sustainable waste management in Gambia/Senegal. Client: NUTEK Demo Miljö. Position: waste management expert 5

Partner 3 Swedish Environmental Markets AB Project Title: Sino-Sweden WtEM Platform Alexander Kinigalakis, economist with a MBA degree from Uppsala University and CEO of Swedish Environmental Markets AB (SEM) has experience of financing and management of environmental projects in the recycling industry. The company specializes in early industrialization and commercialization of innovative sustainable technology. Alexander has experience from international academic and industrial collaboration and has among other things coordinated dissemination activities in the EU-funded program DIVEST (FP 7) and has organized international seminars in Stockholm, Uppsala and Malmö University. He has also initiated and managed a national project funded by the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth Swedish Environmental Technology to the Ship Recycling Industry. In 2011 Alexander coordinated the design and construction of a pilot pyrolysis reactor in Greece. He has had positions as economist, staffing manager of 30 consultants, account manager and other sales and marketing oriented roles. Lena Smuk, PhD in Materials Science and CEO of AltimEco Recycling Technologies AB has extensive experience of scientific and industrial research in materials science and physical chemistry as well as in development and marketing own innovative and ecological technologies in the sustainable energy sector. The company is a three time finalist of the Swedish CleanTech competition. AltimEco s Total Oil Recovery technology has received a Special award for the most ecologically beneficial business idea at the Venture Cup Finland competition. Lena Smuk has more than 10 years experience in consulting work in different international projects, which has centered on bringing people from different organizations and cultures together in projects in various different spheres. Partner 4 Shanghai Jiaotong University SJTU SITU is a public research university located in Shanghai, China. It is renowned as one of the oldest and most prestigious selective universities in China. It is a member of the C9 League in China. It was ranked 34th in Engineering and 125th overall in the QS World University Ranking 2012 [9]. Prof Huang Zhen is vice president in SJTU. He is also a member of CPPCC and a member of China Association Promoting Democracy. He also holds many academic positions, for example, deputy director general of the China Engineering Thermophysical Association, the director general of Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Association, and a vice chairman of Internal Dimethyl Ether-DME Association. He is the head of KTH-SJTU joint center from SJTU side. Prof Yonghao Luo is director of Biomass Energy research Center of Energy Research Institute, deputy director of the Institute of Thermal Engineering of the School of Mechanical Engineering in SJTU. Also is chief engineer for Shanghai New Energy Center for Technology Transfer and industry Promotion. Prof LUO is one of the key researchers in the KTH-SJTU Joint center from SJTU side. Approach 6

In order to realize the objectives above, we first will build a platform with stakeholders interested in WtEM. When doing this we will strive to include actors with relevant competencies for the project. The partners in the project have today already made initial contacts with several promising participants. The next step will be to survey the current situation of waste management in Sweden (Europe) and China, including for example a literature review the literature, as well as field visits in Sweden and China (focusing on Shanghai). Further on, two workshops will be organized, one in Shanghai and one in Stockholm on WtEM. Based on these workshops, the social-technical barrier will be identified, providing information on possible technical solutions for recycling both energy and materials from MSW. Finally, a specific project or projects will be set up, focusing on development and verification of early innovative technical solutions on recycling of energy and material developed by Swedish industries and KTH (and other Swedish universities). Implementation plan Work program WP1: Establish a platform of WtEM under the KTH-SJTU Join Center. (0-2 months) A platform consisting of members from both KTH and SJTU, people from the industry and municipalities from Sweden and China will be invited. The existing organization of KTH-SJTU Joint center will be an important part in the platform. A website with a joint project place will be established to ensure visibility of the platform and a swift project management. Initial contacts have been taken with potential partners within industry and research, such as Stena Metal AB, SAKAB, Ragnsells, SITA, SP, Fortum, Stockholm Business Region Development, Ecomb AB from Swedish side. Shanghai Boiler Limit Company, Shanghai municipal Invest, Institute of Shanghai boiler, Shanghai Municipal Authority etc. The aim is to involve these partners as well as partners identified during project phase A in the specific phase B projects depending on their respective interests. WP2: Survey of the stat-of-the-art of recycling technical of energy and materials from MSW This work package includes: A survey of the state-of-art and best practice of MSW treatment and utilization. Field visits in Sweden. We will visit the key technology players and municipality in Sweden with a questionnaire. Field visits in China focusing on Shanghai. A selected listing of companies and municipality will be made interviewed with the questionnaire. This will be made by our Chinese partner, or Swedish participants under the help of Chinese partners. Reporting WP3: Workshops on WtEM. Two workshops will be organized, the first in Stockholm, and the second in Shanghai, China. Workshop 1: WtEM in Stockholm. 7

A three-day works shop will be held in Stockholm in April or May 2013. It will include one day workshop, and two days visiting to Swedish companies. Participants from Shanghai will be organized by Shanghai Jiaotong University, together with Shanghai New Energy Promotion Center affiliated to the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality. Participants from Sweden will be coordinated by KTH. Workshop 2: WtEM in Shanghai in October 2013. Similarly as the first work shop, also a three-day workshop will be organized in Shanghai, in October 2013. This workshop will include one day workshop, and a two days tour visiting in Shanghai. Participants from Shanghai will be organized by Shanghai Jiaotong University, together with Shanghai New Energy Promotion Center affiliated to the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality. Participants from Sweden will be coordinated by KTH. WP4: Identify the socio-technical barriers, and solution for recycling energy and materials from municipal solid waste basing on the above activities. Results from the survey and the workshops will be analyzed to identified and reported. WP5: Formulation of a project or projects, addressing technical barriers for the clean and efficient using of MSW. This work package will focus on formulation of phase B project(s) aimed at facilitating verification of early innovation solutions on recycling of energy and material developed by Swedish industries and KTH (and other Swedish universities). Time schedule The time schedule of the project is outlined in the Gant chart below. Budget 8

The total project cost is estimated to 779 500 SEK and we apply for 747 375 SEK from Vinnova. Detailed costs are specified below: Bidrag från Vinnova (SEK) Total 2012 2013 Total 2013 2012 KTH IVL SEM KTH IVL SEM Löner 50,000 25,000 25,000 100,000 100,000 83,500 83,50 0 267,000 Tjänster 150,000 150,000 Utrustning material Immaterialrät t Indirekta kostn. 1) 27,500 27,500 55,000 55,000 Resor 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,00 0 60,000 Övrigt 2) 20,000 20,000 80,000 80,000 Återstår att fördela 117,500 25,000 25,000 167,500 405,000 103,500 103,5 00 612,000 2)Specificeras i bilaga 2012 2013 Financier ksek % Vinnova ksek % Vinnova KTH 117,500 100% 117,500 405,000 100% 405,000 IVL 25,000 100% 25,000 103,500 100% 103,500 SEM 25,000 75% 18,750 103,500 75% 77,625 Sub total 161,250 586,125 Justification of costs WP1: 3 weeks man-work; WP2: 2 month man-work; WP3: 1 month man-work; WP4: 1 month man-work and WP5: 2 week. Total 5 months works. Tjänster is costs for workshops including rents of conference facilities, people server, lunch etc. Resor includes the travelling inside of Sweden for survey etc. 9

Corporate (ID number and workplace) KTH-Kungliga Tekniska höskolan, 10044 Stockholm Sweden. Organisationsnummer: 202100-3054 IVL-Svenska Mijöinstitutet, Valhallavägen 81, 10031, Stockholm, Sweden. Organisationsnummer: 556116-2446 Swedish Environmental Markets AB. Nordengatan 4, 75264 Uppsala Organisationsnummer: 556812-8044 References 1. http://www.avfallsverige.se/fileadmin/uploads/forbranning_eng.pdf 2. http://www.mswforum.cn/2012/background.asp 3. http://www.swedenvirotech.se/en/the-offering/the-history-of-environmental-protection/. 4. http://www.kic-innoenergy.com/ 5. http://www.kth.se/en/forskning/forskningsplattformar/energy. 6. http://www.kth.se/en/aktuellt/nyheter/expanding-research-co-operation-with-china- 1.330764. 7. http://www.met.kth.se/energy/newsevents.htm 8. http://www.met.kth.se/asialink/. 9. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shanghai_jiao_tong_university). 10