702132/702835 European Architecture B Roman Baroque
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some factors in the Baroque the cycle of taste: freedom from classical rigidity, and the enlarged vocabulary of Mannerism a return of public confidence and a boost in church activity and patronage the Counter-Reformation and the improvement of Rome
The Ecstasy of St Teresa, by Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1645-52 William Fleming, Arts & Ideas (Fort Worth [Texas] 1991), p 353 He held a long javelin of gold, with an iron tip which had a flame coming out of it. Suddenly, he pierced me to the inmost fibre of my being with it and it seemed to me that, as he drew it out, he dragged me with it; but I felt entirely consumed by the love of God. The pain was so great that it drew moans from me, even though the ecstasy that went with it was so great that I would not have had the pain withdrawn...
THE TRANSITION: 1570-1630 1630
Il Gesú, Rome, begun by G B da Vignola, c 1568, and completed to cornice level by the time of his death in 1573 Scala 9122
Il Gesú, plan Nikolaus Pevsner, An Outline of European Architecture (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1968 [1943]), p 233
Il Gesú: Vignola's façade design, c 1573; Giacomo della Porta's façade, completed 1584 engraving by Mario Cartaro, in Giacomo de Rossi, Insignium Romae Templorum, 1684; Scala 9111
Il Gesú: Giacomo della Porta's façade, completed 1584 Rolf Toman [ed], Baroque Architecture Sculpture Painting (Cologne 2007 [2004]), p 14
some Baroque characteristics 1. swagger 2. theatricality 3. light & shade 4. depth 5. unity 6. movement
Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, façade by Alberti,?1452-1470 Il Gesú, façade by Giacomo della Porta, completed 1584 MUAS 9861; Toman, p 14
PIETRO DA CORTONA
Palazzo Pitti, Florence, ceiling fresco, Sala di Marte, by Pietro da Cortona, 1646. MUAS 5,790
Palazzo Pitti, Sala di Giove, stuccoes by da Cortona, 1643-5 Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 91(B)
SS Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1635-1650 Pru Sanderson
SS Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1635-1650 Rolf Toman [ed], Baroque Architecture Sculpture Painting (Cologne 2007 [2004]), pp 25, 24
Sta Maria della Pace, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1656-7: front view Scala no 7340
Sta Maria della Pace: detail of upper façade Miles Lewis
Sta Maria della Pace plan of the church and piazza & contemporary view John Varriano, Italian Baroque and Rococo Architecture (New York 1986), pp 117, 116
Sta Maria della Pace: contemporary view Varriano, Italian Baroque and Rococo, p 116
Santa Maria della Pace, interior & dome Scala nos 9174, 9175
GIANLORENZO BERNINI
S Andrea al Quirinale, Rome, by Bernini, 1658-70: plan & view Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 119; Toman, Baroque, p 39
S Andrea al Quirinale: plan & section Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 119 & pl 62(B)
Baldacchino of St Peter's, Rome, by Bernini, 1624-33 Scala no 9592
St Peter's as designed by Carlo Maderno after 1602 James Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's: the Story of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome (London 1967), p 240
St Peter's, Rome Maderno's design façade as built 1602-26 Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 240; Brian Lewis 1973
St Peter's, façade with Bernini's south tower (incomplete), 1636-41 Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 259
St Peter's, Bernini's design for freestanding towers, c 1650 Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1973], p 19
St Peter's, in the early C17th before the dismantling of Bernini's tower (on Maderno's base) and the construction of the forecourt MUAS 14,812
Papal medal of c 1657, showing Bernini's original scheme for enclosing the forecourt of St Peter's Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 270
St Peter's forecourt, schematic plan of the design shown in the papal medal, with the 'propylæum (modified from) Norman Davies, Europe (London 1997 [1996]), p 571
St Peter's forecourt, by Bernini, 1657-1667, from Piranesi's C18th engraving MUAS 16,361
St Peter's and the Vatican with Bernini s forecourt as executed (modified from) Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method (17th ed, London 1961 [1896]), p 721
St Peter's and the forecourt, from above anonymous
St Peter s forecourt, looking east Toman, Baroque, p 37
St Peter's forecourt, the colonnade: Scala 9591 9112
St Peter's: the statue of Constantine, by Bernini, 1654-8; view along the portico Scala 959 ; Pru Sanderson
Scala Regia, Vatican Palace, by Bernini, 1663-6 MUAS 5,818
Scala Regia: detailed plans Jeremy Blake, La Falsa Prospettiva in Italian Renaissance Architecture (Stocks-field [Northumberland] 1982), no page
Scala Regia Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 269; MUAS 17,354
The Ecstasy of St Teresa, by Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1645-52; plan of the sanctuary William Fleming, Arts & Ideas (Fort Worth [Texas] 1991), p 353; Howard Hibbard, Bernini (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1965), pl 134
Cornaro Chapel, Sta Maria della Vittoria, Rome, by Bernini, 1645-52 anonymous painting in the Schwerin State Museum
FRANCESCO BORROMINI
Porta Santa, in the portico of St Peter's, Rome, by Maderno, carved by Borromini, 1619-20 Anthony Blunt, Borromini (London 1979), p 17
Palazzo Barberini, Rome, window by Borromini under Bernini, 1628-38 Blunt, Borromini, p 32
Monastery of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, from 1634, plan of whole Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 132
Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, by Borromini, 1638-41: suggested geometrical basis of the plan Blunt, Borromini, p 48
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane: section & interior view Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 133.; Scala 9466 (1973)
a Roman tetraconch the Piazza d'oro of Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, 124, reconstruction MUAS 13,933
S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane: views of the dome Scala 9468 (1973); Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 38
S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane exterior of the lantern Scala 9470 (1973)
Oratorio di San Filippo Neri, by Borromini, 1637-49 engraving & view of the façade Blunt, Borromini, p 97; Margaret Monk, 1985
San Filippo Neri, reconstruction of Borromini s scheme for flanking S Maria in Vallicella (by Fausto Rughesi) with a 'Pamphilj Pantheon, 1644 T G Smith, Classical Architecture (Layton [Utah] 1988), p 30
Oratorio di San Filippo Neri, by Borromini, 1637-49, fireplace in the Sala di Recreazione: elevation, and detail of the Doric frieze and tassels Weinreb, The Architect's Eye, p 16 Anthony Blunt, Borromini (London 1979), p 105
San Filippo Neri fireplace, general view Blunt, Borromini, p 104
San Filippo Neri fireplace, detail at the side Blunt, Borromini, p 42 reeding darts Roman columns, by G B Montano Blunt, Borromini, p 42
S Ivo della Sapienza, Rome, by Borromini, 1642-50 view & plan within the Archiginnasio complex Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 32; MUAS 5,782
S Ivo della Spienza plan & diagram of the geometry Opera del... Borromini (1720 Blunt, Borromini, p 115
S Ivo, plan, & detail of the bee Opera del... Borromini (1720)
S Ivo, cross-section & interior view MUAS 14,146; Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 69(B)
Insula of the Painted Vaults, Ostia, c AD 120: detail of the Severan painting of the dome William Macdonald, Architecture of the Roman Empire II (New Haven [Connecticut] 1986), p 234
S Ivo della Sapienza, view of dome Miles Lewis
S Ivo, view of dome Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 71
S Ivo, upper part; engraving of dome surface with steps Brian Lewis; Blunt, Borromini, p 42
S Ivo: view of dome and lantern; detail of the finial Pru Sanderson; Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 54
S Ivo: view of lantern and drum; plan of lantern Scott, 'S. Ivo alla Sapienza', p 302; Blunt, Borromini, p 40
Temple of Venus at Baalbek, c AD 273 Robert Wood, The Ruins of Balbec, otherwise Heliopolis in Coelosyria (London 1757)
reconstruction of an ancient Roman building, from Montano G B Montano, Le Cinque Libri (1624-64)
Scala Regia, Vatican, by Bernini, 1665: plan and section Palazzo Spada, Rome, colonnade by Borromini, 1652-3 MUAS 5,818; Pru Sanderson, 1985
Palazzo Spada colonnade Pru Sanderson; Blake, La Falsa Prospettiva, no page; Blunt, Borromini, p 45
reconstruction of an ancient building, by G B Montano G B Montano, Le Cinque Libri
S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, façade by Borromini, 1665-7 Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 39
S Carlo: detail of the ground floor level Scala 9471
S Carlo close view of the façade. MUAS 6,280
S Carlo, upper part of the facade Brian Lewis
S Carlo, details: niche of c 1675, with a statue of S Charles Borromeo, by Antonio Raggi; a capital of the giant order of the façade, executed after 1667 Blunt, Borromini, p 78; Smith, Classical Architecture, p 13
S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, façade by Borromini, 1665-7 Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 39