How can Open Data enhance the fight against corruption? Insights from the African continent Special Event at the 6th Session of the CoSP, Saint Peterburg, 4 November 2015
Outline of the Presentation 1) OGP/EITI/FITI 2) Access to information legislation 3) Asset disclosure in West/Central Africa 4) Investigative journalism 5) Beneficial ownership of companies 6) Case law of corruption cases 7) Data on anti corruption authorities 8) Open data in the security and defence sector
Open Government Partnership (OGP)
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
FITI Fishery Industry Transparency Initiative Launched in January 2015 at a Conference on Extractive Industries in Nouakchott, Mauritania Founded and chaired by Peter Eigen, Founder of Transparency International 1st International Advisory Group meeting took place in July 2015, 2 nd meeting in October 2015. 1st Global Conference to be held in December 2015 in Mauritania Contributes to SDG Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.
Access to information legislation (article 10 / article 13 UNCAC)
Asset Disclosure Regional Conference for West and Central Africa DAKAR, SENEGAL, May 2014
International standards/obligations in Africa African Union Convention on Preventing and Combatting Corruption Article 7.1 States Parties commit themselves to: Require all or designated public officials to declare their assets at the time of assumption of office, during and after their term of office in the public service ECOWAS Protocole Article 5 g: Each State Party shall take measures to establish and consolidate: (g) policies that oblige public officials to disclose assets, liabilities and copies of their income tax returns. The disclosure rules should be extended to at least the spouses and dependent children of the public officials.
WHO should declare? DECLARANTS: Declarants should include all civil and military high level authorities, public officials having financial responsibilities, public officials having a decision making power and public officials particularly exposed to corruption risks, including judges, prosecutors, parliamentarians, elected officials, local authorities, chief executives of public and para public companies, members of anticorruption authorities, commanders of security forces, authorizing officers, public accountants, and all managers of organisations significantly subsidized by the state. Excerpt from the Dakar Declaration on Asset Disclosure (May 2014)
Number of declarants
Declare WHAT? ASSETS TO DECLARE: The assets to declare should include real estate, tangible and intangible movable property, incomes of any kind, sponsored trips, debts, gifts, life insurances, local and foreign bank account assets, shares in companies, inheritances, livestock, and unexplained variations, etc., that affected the assets of the declarant. Excerpt from the Dakar Declaration on Asset Disclosure (May 2014)
Declare WHEN? FREQUENCY: Asset declarations should be submitted on a regular periodical basis, including during the mandate of the public official, so the real and current situation can be monitored, as well as the substantial variations of asset. Excerpt from the Dakar Declaration on Asset Disclosure (May 2014)
How collect? TECHNOLOGY: The institutions in charge of asset declarations should invest in the development and the ability to handle new technologies in order to enhance the effectiveness of their system. Excerpt from the Dakar Declaration on Asset Disclosure (May 2014)
Public access? TRANSPARENCY: Asset declarations should be accessible to the public subject to compliance with the right to privacy and the protection of personal data. Excerpt from the Dakar Declaration on Asset Disclosure (May 2014)
Public access
Good practice: Niger www.courconstitutionnelle niger.org
Good practice: Niger www.courconstitutionnelle niger.org
Next step: In Georgia, you can submit or search asset declarations using smartphones
Using open data Investigative journalism ANCIR: African Network of Centres for Investigative Reporting (South Africa) http://investigativecenters.org/ CENOZO: Norbert Zongo Cell for Investigative Journalism in West Africa (est. July 2015 in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso)
Transparency in beneficial ownership of corporate entities (Article 12 c )
Case law of corruption cases
Data on anti corruption authorities in West Africa Bénin Burkina Faso Cabo Verde Côte d'ivoire Ghana Guinée Guinée-Bissau Liberia Mali Niger Nigeria Sénégal Sierra Leone Togo Autorité Nationale de Lutte contre la Corruption (ANLC) Autorité Supérieure de Contrôle d'etat (ASCE) Procuradoria-General da Republica Haute Autorité pour la Bonne Gouvernance Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) Agence Nationale de Lutte contre la Corruption et de promotion de la bonne gouvernance (ANLC) Inspeção Superior Contra a Corrupção (ISCC) Liberia Anti-Corruption Commission (LACC) Bureau du Vérificateur Général (BVG) Haute Autorité de Lutte contre la Corruption et les Infractions Assimilées (HALCIA) Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Office National de Lutte contre la Fraude et la Corruption (OFNAC) Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) Commission Nationale de Lutte contre la Corruption et le Sabotage Economique (CNLCSE)
Network of Anti Corruption Institutions in West Africa (NACIWA) in 2015
Funding for ACAs Annual Budgets 2014 in $US Budget in $US in 2014 Population size in 2013 Funding per citizen in $US Funding per citizen in FCFA Nigeria (EFCC + ICPC) 90,000,000 173,600,000 0.518 304 Sierra Leone (ACC) 7,782,000 6,092,000 1.277 749 Mali (BVG) 6,930,000 15,300,000 0.453 265 Ghana (CHRAJ) 4,304,000 25,900,000 0.166 97 Côte d'ivoire (HABG) 2,252,000 20,320,000 0.111 65 Liberia (LACC) 2,141,000 4,292,000 0.499 292 Sénégal (OFNAC) 2,078,000 14,130,000 0.147 86 Burkina Faso (ASCE) 1,888,000 16,930,000 0.112 65 Niger (HALCIA) 1,734,000 17,830,000 0.097 57 Bénin (ANLC) 693,000 10,320,000 0.067 39 Guinée Bissau (ISCC) 135,000 1,704,000 0.079 46 Guinée (ANLC) 124000 11,750,000 0.011 6 Togo (CNLCSE) 34,000 6,817,000 0.005 3 Average 9,238,077 24,998,846 0.272 160 Source: Survey administered to NACIWA members, February 2015
Statistics as of February 2015 Case handling from creation of the institution till Feb. 2015 # of complaints # of investigations # of prosecutions # of convictions Nigeria (EFCC) 35165 15962 900 899 Sierra Leone (ACC) 9051 800 126 85 Mali (BVG) 400 150 28 11 Togo (CNLCSE) 1000 500 20 10 Guinée Bissau (ISCC) 282 82 82 4 Burkina Faso (ASCE) 100 100 33 1 Guinée (ANLC) 117 15 0 0 Bénin (ANLC) 50 10 3 0 Côte d'ivoire (HABG) 15 0 0 0 Ghana (CHRAJ) 800 800 3 0 Liberia (LACC) 157 128 2 0 Niger (HALCIA) 152 30 12 0 Sénégal (OFNAC) 150 10 0 0
Launch of the NACIWA Anti Corruption Academy for West Africa in Abuja, Nigeria, in 2015
Terrorist threat in West Africa 2015 AQIM ISIS Macina Liberation Movement Ansar Dine Boko Haram IS Based on UNODC ROSEN Research Section, 2015
Open data in the police
Transparency in public procurement and national budgets (Article 9 UNCAC) Source: Transparency International, Regional Results, Middle East and North Africa, Government Defence Anti Corruption Index
Thank you