Air Traffic Control now, and into the future. John Moore Manager Operations, ATC Future Systems
Airservices in Brief Owned by the Australian Government, funded entirely by customer charges Provides services to over 4 million aircraft operations per year Air Traffic Control (ATC) Aviation Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) Communication, Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) Sydney Melbourne route 4th busiest in world Sydney Brisbane route 11th busiest in world
Approximately 11% of the world s airspace Mumbai Manila Oakland FIR Seychelles Male Columbo Singapore Jakarta Biak Ujung Pandang Makassar Port Moresby Honiara Nauru Mauritius Brisbane FIR Nadi (Fiji) Antananarvio NZ Melbourne FIR (Flight Information Region) Johannesburg Oceanic Auckland Oceanic
Australian airspace compared to Europe
Australian airspace compared to USA
Our Operations 2 major ATC Centres 4 Terminal Control Units Sydney, Adelaide, Cairns, Perth 29 Towers Karratha Broome Coolangatta 21 Fire Stations 1000+ technical sites. Moorabbin
CNS* Communications: Air/Ground via Radio [VHF, HF, UHF (Military)] Voice Switching & Control System (VSCS) Air Traffic Services (ATS) Centres Intercoms (Hotlines, Call/Answer) Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC) *CNS Communication Navigation Surveillance
CNS Navigation: Over 500 traditional terrestrial navigation aids including: NDB (non-directional beacon) VOR (VHF Omni-directional Radio Range) DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Performance Based Navigation Required Navigation Performance Authorisation Required (RNP-AR)
CNS Surveillance: Radar (Primary, Secondary) ADS-C: Automatic Dependent Surveillance Contract ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast Multilateration PRM: Precision Runway Monitor
ADS-B - What is it? Aircraft determines position using GPS Broadcasts position, identity, altitude and velocity (ADS-B out) Ground stations receive broadcasts and relay information to ATC Other aircraft receive broadcasts & display to pilot (ADS-B in)
Surveillance ADS-B and radar coverage Full coverage above FL280 5 nautical mile separation RADAR ADS-B
ADS-B installation at Woomera, South Australia
Alphabet Airspace Radar - South of Sydney A FL 125 FL 180 E 2.8 deg 2.8 deg C A 085 C E G D C G ATCC NAS 25Nov04 Generic V1.6 4 FL: Flight Level (FL180=18,000 feet ) A: Altitude (A085=8,500 feet)
Australian Air Traffic Domestic airlines International airlines Regional airlines General Aviation Sports Aviation Unmanned Aircraft Systems Click image to view Air Traffic video Military Aviation
Sectorisation
Service Delivery Environments East Coast Services (Green) Upper Airspace Services (Blue) Regional Services (Orange)
Service Delivery Environments Dynamic sectorisation Modal operations
ML-BN FIR Boundary Eurocat ATM* System Cairns TCU Brisbane System 1 En-route Partition 1 Terminal Control Unit (TCU) 1 Terminal Control Area (TMA) Partition [serving BN & CG] Brisbane Centre BN-CG TMA PH TCU AD TCU SY TCU Melbourne System 1 En-route Partition 3 Terminal Control Units (TCUs) 1 Terminal Control Area (TMA) Partition [serving ML and CB] Melbourne Centre ML-CB TMA * ATM Air Traffic Management
ATM system Other ASA system ASA service centre External system ADS-C CPDLC Airservices Air Traffic Management System FlexTracks DOTS+ External Air Traffic Service Units Airlines Airline Host Computer Bureau of Meteorology General Aviation Track Definition Msgs ATS Msgs Flight Plan Submission PDC MET Data Briefing & Flight Plan Submission Com Centre AFTN Msg Management AFTN (AAMS) SITA GRIB MIS NAIPS Forecast of GPS performance at aerodromes Briefing Office ATS Msgs X.25 AA I/O LAN GPS Prediction Service (GPS/RAIM) GPS Updates US GPS Control Station Air Defence Surveillance and Flight Data GPS Prediction ATM Fallback System (UFB) Radars (TAR, RSR, DoD) ADS-B Ground Stations ADS-B bypass Air Traffic Management System (ATSCs, TCUs, & Major Towers) ATC Display Reconstr (PC Replay) Data Warehouse (ODW) Noise Monitoring (NFPMS) Surveillance & Flight Data (SMR Interface) Charging System Internet Noise Information Service (WebTrak) MultilaterationS ystems 4 1 3 2 Surveillance Data Flight Data New Tower System Time Synchronisation Msgs GPS Clocks (TIME) Digital Tape Aeronautical Data ADMS (Mercury) Static Data Tower Surveillance Display (TSAD) Tower Surv Data Proc (TDPDS/ A-SMGCS) Network Management (CTMS) Flight Information Broker PRM (Sydney Only) NOC (Flight Explorer)
Air Traffic Management System Integrate information from a large variety of sources Airspace management (Sectors, Restricted Airspace, etc) Flight information, Surveillance data, Track/Flight Plan Association Aeronautical data, Weather data Allow ATC to access information when required Provide data to other users (e.g. for billing) Automate functions Coordination Safety net alerts Flow Management Provide means of Communication Voice comms Data comms (CPDLC, Coordination messages)
Workstation
Typical Aircraft Label RAD QFA045 M 350>350 42 VOZ028+M 360>360 43 Radar return ADS-B ADS-C VOZ038+M 340V320 42 QFA127+H * 380>380 52 Flight Plan
Air Traffic Services Area Control Approach Control Aerodrome Control Flight Information Service Alerting Service Flow Management
Controller Responsibilities Separation. Radar Control Services In-flight Emergency Response (IFER) Aeronautical Information Service Traffic Information Service
Area Control en-route control Long distances Level flight Separation assurance East Coast Services Upper Airspace Services Regional Services
Approach Control Within 30-45 nautical miles (nm) of major aerodromes Short time in airspace Radar control East Coast Services Most intervention
Aerodrome Control On, and in the vicinity of aerodromes Primarily visual Radar in major centres Non-radar remote General Aviation eg: Bankstown (BK) East Coast Services Regional Services
Regulatory Requirements Controllers licence issued by Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA). Endorsements/Ratings are issued for specific portions of airspace. Recency requirements 5 hours every 21 days per endorsement. Check every 6 months. Exam paper every 12 months. Medical every 2 years
so where to next?
Technology now 8408 Kg Fuel savings 43 minutes quicker than fixed ~1200nm abeam great circle track User Preferred Routes User Preferred Trajectories Dynamic Airborne Re-route Procedure (DARP)
Technology now Automated Conflict Detection
Emerging Technology Remote Tower Technology Improved safety Potential alternative Fast response business continuity
ATM Developments Modernisation Programs SESAR Single European Sky ATM Research (Europe) NextGen Next Generation ATM (US) CARATS Collaborative Actions for Renovation of Air Traffic Systems (Japan) ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation (Block Upgrade Program (2013, 2018, 2023 ) Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) Performance Based Navigation Flight Objects Trajectory Based Operations / 4DT Airborne Separation Applications SWIM System Wide Information Management
Air Traffic Long Term Forecast average growth of 4% per annum despite downturn Sustained growth to 2026 Planning for the future needed now Emergence of Low Cost Carriers: - New routes - New city pairs
Aviation Technology Timeline AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGY AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (ATM) TECHNOLOGY 1900 1920 1940 1960 2000 2020 These milestones represent individual technology improvements ATM technology has not kept pace with aircraft-based technology..
Issues for the future Demand & Capacity: 57% increase in daily movements by 2028 Increased complexity Network approach required Current ATM system cannot meet demands Technology is the solution
Issues for the future Future Operating Environment: ICAO Operating Concept / Block Upgrades Greater collaboration by all stakeholders New generation aircraft and emerging technologies Close the aircraft and ATM technology gap
Issues for the future Customer & Stakeholder Expectations: Currently struggle to meet expectations Closer management of network Airlines use new aircraft capability Community aircraft noise management Improved system capability required
Issues for the future Limitations of the Existing System: Limitations of existing system already evident Spaghetti software Impact on business continuity Limitations of Brisbane and Melbourne Flight Data Regions Cyber security / threat
Environment Striving for better environmental outcomes Aircraft emissions Aircraft noise Environment Management System (EMS)
Civil-Military ATM System Once in a generation opportunity Alignment with White Paper Policy Direction System and operational benefits of harmonisation 2018 timeline
Questions? www.airservicesaustralia.com john.moore@airservicesaustralia.com