Santa Clara University Department of Education EDUC 369: Action Research Winter 2009 Action Research Project Design Document Information Packet By Joe Chee Action research is an approach to scholarly inquiry that can be also be used as a vehicle for empowering teachers and learners. Action research involves a spectrum of activities (e.g., research, planning, theorizing, learning and development) aimed at the resolution of a problem or problems. In EDUC 369, you will create an Action Research Project Design Document that describes and details the action research study project you will implement for your capstone project. The purpose of this information packet is to provide you with guidelines and suggestions for writing your Action Research Project Design Document. Action Research Project Design Document Outline Your design document should have the following components: Title page Abstract Chapter 1 Project Overview Chapter 2 Literature Review Chapter 3 Action Research Design References Appendices (optional) Your document should follow the American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines for style, references and citations. Please refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th edition) as you write your design document. Title Page Your title page should have these three sections: Running header (e.g., Problem Solving ) at the top of the page Project title (e.g., Problem Solving: Teaching Mathematics to Students in a Changing World ) Author, school and date Abstract In this section, you provide a 100-200 word description of your project, the research problem, context, methodology, etc. 1
CHAPTER 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the research topic to the reader, discusses why the topic important to you, and describes what the project is fundamentally about. Here are typical sections within your chapter 1. Introduction (this heading does NOT appear in your document) o Statement of the Educational Topic or Problem o Include references as appropriate o Reason for selecting this topic Purpose of the study o The purpose of this study is to... Research questions o State driving questions o (Optional: Distinguish between primary questions and secondary questions) Description of the intervention or innovation o Briefly describe the target population or participants, and what you will be doing Definition of Terms (Optional) o This is important when you are using terms that some readers may not be familiar with CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter is a summary of relevant education research and educational theories related to the study topic. It should include a minimum of 5 empirical research articles. An empirical research article is an article which describes the results of a research study that uses data derived from observations or experiment. Empirical research articles are generally published in academic journals. In addition, you may want to discuss other relevant literature. Here are typical sections within a literature review. Introduction (this heading does NOT appear in your document) o General introduction topic area, problem, and/or research questions o Provide an advanced organizer; briefly preview the major themes or sections of this chapter First main theme (this is typically identified with a header see APA style manual to review proper header formatting) o Summary of article 1 o Summary of article 2 o Summary of article 3 Second main theme o Summary of article 4 o Summary of article 5 o Summary of article 6 Conclusion o Summarize your findings o Identify the educational theories or perspectives from the literature that inform your project 2
WRITING LITERATURE REVIEW ARTICLE SUMMARIES For each of your empirical research summarize the following: Purpose of study, research questions, and context Methodology Results and discussion A typical summary will be 300-500 words long. Here is an example of a summary of an empirical research article by Capobianco and Lehman (2006): In an action research study investigating the effects of integrating instructional technologies into an elementary science methods course by a science teacher educator, Capobianco and Lehman (2006) found that the use of instructional technologies helped preservice teachers learn science content, promoted productive scientific inquiry, and facilitated self-reflection. Capobianco, the first author and a science teacher educator, collaborated with faculty and graduate students associated with the Purdue Program for Preparing Tomorrow s Teachers to Use Technology (P3T3) to infuse instructional technologies throughout a semester long elementary science methods course. The participants in this study were 38 preservice teachers from two different sections of the course offered in the spring 2003 (N=14) and fall 2003 (N=24) semesters. It was Capobianco s intent to create numerous opportunities for preservice teachers to use technology in multiple ways throughout the course that went beyond basic communication and information search tasks. Students in her course used software such as Excel and PowerPoint, probeware (electronic laboratory sensors that interface with computers) such as temperature probes and heart rate monitors, and digital cameras. The students used these technologies to engage in scientific inquiry, explore productive questioning and journaling, and to plan and conduct experiments. The researchers collected data from student feedback forms, classroom observations, field notes, reflective journals of students and the instructor, student work, and the instructor s lesson plans. Capobianco and Lehman (2006) found that after taking the course, students interest in and ability to use technology increased, students perception of the usefulness of technology was positive, and students had a high interest in integrating instructional technologies into their own teaching. They concluded that the incorporation of instructional technologies was beneficial in developing pedagogical content knowledge in science education among the participants in the study. Capobianco, B. & Lehman, J. (2006). Integrating instructional technology in teacher education: A case study of an elementary science methods course. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 25, 123-146.) 3
CHAPTER 3 ACTION RESEARCH STUDY DESIGN This chapter describes in detail what you will be doing in your action research project. Here are common sections of this chapter: Introduction (this heading does NOT appear in your document) o Statement of the Educational Topic or Problem Purpose of the study o Area of focus Research questions The role of the researcher Participants (or target population) Description of the intervention or innovation Data collection Statement of resources Timeline REFERENCES All of your references and sources should be listed here. Each article used in your literature review must be cited. Remember to use APA style and formatting. APPENDICES (Optional) If there are things that would be helpful for the reader to see and read that do not fit in the body of your document, please include them here. Things you might include in your appendices are: questionnaires, data previously collected, curriculum unit plans, sample assessments, and report summaries. RECOMMENDED RESOURCES: Sagor, R. (2004). The Action Research Guidebook: A Four-Step Process for Educators and School Teams. CA: Corwin Press (2004) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. (2001) (5th edition). APA Formatting and Style Guide. (N.D.) Purdue University. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ Finding Empirical Research Articles in Education and Psychology. (2007). University of San Francisco. http://www.usfca.edu/usf/library/handouts/empiricalresearched.pdf 4
Sample MA in education capstone project titles from Santa Clara University Using social justice, critical thinking, and service learning to teach effective citizenship in the high school U.S. history classroom Parent volunteering in the classroom: increasing student success by training parents to teach and work with children in the classroom Technology integration in an elementary science methods course: a curriculum project Dance curriculum to build protective factors for at-risk youth Blogs, podcasts and multimedia presentations: a curriculum project studying meaningful learning in an advanced high school Spanish classroom A case study: critical success factors for implementing electronic portfolios in the liberal studies program at Santa Clara University Crossing the starlight bridge from risk to resiliency: fostering resiliency through literature The application of constructivist theory to the design of online learning environments in higher education Integration of multiple sources of primary and secondary information: a curriculum unit designed to help students learn about the changes that took place in California prior to statehood "Basically fun MATH!": going back to the basics in mathematics Educating for a more peaceful world: incorporating social intelligence, gender equity, and character education into the existing curriculum Integrating character education into kindergarten language arts A literature-based character education unit Teaching methodologies that promote student learning in mathematics Inferring with primary readers: a reading comprehension unit The application of best practices in teaching the elementary science curriculum Living-learning centers, academic programs, and their educational outcomes: a comparative case study of Santa Clara University and the University of Denver Attitudes towards the use of technology in the social studies classroom Emotional intelligence and writing in the high school English classroom "What's the point?": challenging the gifted child through grouping and curricular modifications Multicultural children's literature: an integration Improving the writing skills of deaf and hard of hearing middle school students in a mainstream classroom How social studies teachers should deal with religious themes as presented in the state standards The parables: a literature unit on the New Testament parables Ignatian education: a curriculum unit designed around Ignatian pedagogy to help improve adolescent boys' secondary education Using children's literature to facilitate character education in the kindergarten classroom Factors sustaining the ACOT teacher development center research project Using Classworks and Houghton Mifflin to teach phonemic awareness Examples of MA action research project titles The Effects of Foreign Language Study on SAT Verbal Scores The Effect of Math Clubs on Mathematics Achievement and Attitudes Toward Mathematics of Eighth-Grade Females The Effects of Mentoring on the Academic Achievement and Behaviors of Middle School African American Males The Effects of the Second Step Violence Prevention Program on the Climate and Discipline in a Suburban Middle School Reading Motivations: A Study of Fourth-Grade Students and the Factors Influencing Their Tendency to Read for Pleasure The Effects of Occupational Stressors, Locus of Control, and Teaching Efficacy on the Attrition Rate of Special Education Teachers The Effects of Cooperative Homework Teams on Homework Completion and Accuracy of Sixth Graders The Effects of Interscholastic Athletics on Academic Achievement The Effects of Engaging Teaching Strategies on the Academic Achievement of At-Risk High School Students in French Class The Effects of Mentoring on the Academic Achievement of At-Risk African American Male Students The Effects of Comprehending Expository Text in Content Reading Through Direct Instruction of SQ3R Strategy Increasing Homework Effectiveness: An Examination of Adult-Guided Intervention on Students who Fail to Complete Homework Regularly The Effects of a School-Wide Vocabulary Program on Eighth Grade Reading Achievement The Relationship Between Instrumental Music Instruction and Achievement in Mathematics Among Fifth-Grade Students The Effects of Earobics on Phonemic Awareness Achievement of a Third-Grade Student With Speech and Language Disabilities The Effects of Parental Involvement With Math Homework on the Achievement of Fifth-Grade Students 5
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E. & Airasian, P. (2006). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. (8th edition). NJ: Pearson.