LEAN SCHEDULING "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni
LEAN SCHEDULING JOSÉ LUIS PONZ TIENDA, PHD, MSCI, MBA, BENG, ARCH jl.ponz@uniandes.edu.co ONE STEP FORWARD IN LEAN SCHEDULING & CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
LEAN SCHEDULING Why, What, How?
WHY?
WHY? CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT IS DIFFERENT
WHY? CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT IS CHANGING
WHY? CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT IS COLLABORATION
WHY? CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT IS TECHNOLOGY
WHY? PM SOFTWARE DON T FIT TO OUR NEEDS
WHY? PM SOFTWARE DON T HELP US
WHAT?
I ALWAYS CHOOSE A LAZY PERSON TO DO A DIFFICULT JOB. BECAUSE, WHAT? HE WILL FIND AN EASY WAY TO DO IT BE LAZY THING CRAZY!!!! BILL GATES
WHAT?
EVERYTHING SHOULD BE MADE WHAT? AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE, BUT NOT SIMPLER ALBERT EINSTEIN
EVERY CHILD IS BORN A GENIUS WHAT? ALBERT EINSTEIN
WHAT? THE REASON THAT GOD WAS ABLE TO CREATE THE WORLD IN SEVEN DAYS IS THAT HE DIDN'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE INSTALLED BASE ENZO TORRESI
WHAT? SMART SCHEDULING SCHEDULING FOR LAZY PEOPLE
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on PHASES and PROCESSES LPS COMMITMENTS management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms PRODUCTION is the DANCING QUEEN Durations and times are the CONSEQUENCE New treatment of OVERLAPPING Real conditions with FEEDING GPRS Real treatment of CALENDARS METAHEURISTICS for resource management Treatment of REAL nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on PHASES and PROCESSES LPS COMMITMENTS management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms PRODUCTION is the DANCING QUEEN Durations and times are the CONSEQUENCE New treatment of OVERLAPPING Real conditions with FEEDING GPRS Real treatment of CALENDARS METAHEURISTICS for resource management Treatment of REAL nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
DESIGN CRITERIA SHOULD CAN WILL WORK STRUCTURING MASTER & PHASE SCHEDULE LOOK AHEAD SCHEDULE WEEKLY WORK PLAN DONE LEARN & IMPROVE
Portfolio Project Phase Process Activity
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on Phases and Processes LPS Commitments management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms PRODUCTION is the DANCING QUEEN Durations and times are the CONSEQUENCE New treatment of OVERLAPPING Real conditions with FEEDING GPRS Real treatment of CALENDARS METAHEURISTICS for resource management Treatment of REAL nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
15 Activities 22 Relations 3 Processes 2 Flows RESEARCH IN SOFTWARE FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT
15 Activities 22 Relations 3 Processes 2 Flows RESEARCH IN SOFTWARE FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT
15 Activities 22 Relations 3 Processes 2 Flows RESEARCH IN SOFTWARE FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT
15 Activities 22 Relations 3 Processes 2 Flows RESEARCH IN SOFTWARE FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT
15 Activities 22 Relations 3 Processes 2 Flows RESEARCH IN SOFTWARE FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT
15 Activities 22 Relations 3 Processes 2 Flows RESEARCH IN SOFTWARE FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT At least 5 movements
15 Activities 22 Relations 3 Processes 2 Flows RESEARCH IN SOFTWARE FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT At least 5 movements 1 movement
0 Not editable value 0 Editable value SF 5 0 Critical 17 200 7 0 5 Drainage 183 17 200 0 5 5 17 62 92 92 110 Previous Excav. Ph1 SS Excav. Ph2 Reb. Found. 5 12 0% 15 0 30 18 0 5 5 17 k= 15 62 92 92 110 17 62 100 101 Diaph.-wall SS Cte. Ph1 45 40% 0 0 1 17 62 k= 8 108 109 103 104 110 111 SS Cte. Ph2 Cte. Ph3 60% 0 0 1 1 k= 11 109 110 110 111 15 111 291 291 306 Structure Decks 12 15 Fl 0 111 291 295 310 1 8 0 12 Fl 12 171 307 4 1 12 Masonry 4 223 348 12 Fl 0 175 313 1 1 0 Paving 6 227 354 12 Fl 12 195 324 6 1 12 Facades 7 212 332 Ponz-Tienda, Pellicer, Benlloch, Romano. (2015). The Fuzzy Project Scheduling Problem with Minimal Generalized Precedence Relations. Computer- Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 30: 872 891. doi: 10.1111/mice.12166 12 Fl 0 Fl 0 226 365 Offices 3 1 0 1 1 0 FF 20 11 0% 20 0 233 365 20 3 Fl 12 171 261 Basements 4 1 12 FF 9 30 25% 0 0 286 376 9 β= 20 249 385 385 386 Fl 0 Fl 0 Reworks Makespan 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 35 350 385 385 386
Scenario 1 ES makespan Table 4 Performance metrics of the example of application RI CI i CV i es 1(0) es 2 es 3(0) Table 5 Compared results for case 1with Primavera P6 Professional V8.2.0 Differences Model Activities Relationships Makespan Optimal Time Floats Fuzzy-GPSP 18 25 385.0 Yes -- -- Solution A Primavera 6 18 31 409.0 No 276 69 Solution B Primavera 6 78 137 385.0 Yes 0 0 TF i tf 0 1 2 tf Scenario 1 340.0 385.0 449.0 27.96% 10.5 9.24 216.0 1066.0 1939.0 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 379.0 421.0 483.0 85.87% 11.5 9.53-120.0 749.0 1623.0 tf 3 0 Scenario 5 Table 6 Compared results for transition from scenario #1 to scenario #5 Model Activities Relationships Makespan # Oper Optimal Differences Time Floats Fuzzy-GPSP 18 25 421.0 7 Yes -- -- Primavera 6 78 137 385.0 60 No 48 33
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on Phases and Processes LPS Commitments management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms Production is the Dancing Queen Durations and times are the Consequence New treatment of OVERLAPPING Real conditions with FEEDING GPRS Real treatment of CALENDARS METAHEURISTICS for resource management Treatment of REAL nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
Duración x CoeficientedeIntervención Producción JornadadeTrabajo x # Recursos x CoeficientedeIntervención Duración Producción DisponibilidaddeRecursos / día Ponz-Tienda, J.L. Temario asignatura Gerencia proyectos de Construcción de Ingeniería Civil. Universidad de Los Andes.
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on Phases and Processes LPS Commitments management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms Production is the Dancing Queen Durations and times are the Consequence New treatment of Overlapping Real conditions with FEEDING GPRS Real treatment of CALENDARS METAHEURISTICS for resource management Treatment of REAL nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
OVERLAPPING
COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
NON SPLITTING ALLOWED ALGORITHM SPR
STANDARDIZATION OF PRECEDENCE RELATIONSHIPS Ponz-Tienda, J.L. Temario asignatura Gerencia proyectos de Construcción de Ingeniería Civil. Universidad de Los Andes.
NON SPLITTING ALLOWED ALGORITHM
NON SPLITTING ALLOWED ALGORITHM
SPLITTING ALLOWED ALGORITHM?
AS IT SHOULD BE?
TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT NON SPLITTING ALLOWED NON SPLITTING ALLOWED
TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT NON SPLITTING ALLOWED OPTIMAL SPLITTING
TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT NON SPLITTING ALLOWED DISCRETIONAL SPLITTING
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on Phases and Processes LPS Commitments management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms Production is the Dancing Queen Durations and times are the Consequence New treatment of Overlapping Real conditions with Feeding GPRs Real treatment of CALENDARS METAHEURISTICS for resource management Treatment of REAL nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT NON SPLITTING ALLOWED NON SPLITTING ALLOWED
TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT NON SPLITTING ALLOWED NON SPLITTING ALLOWED
TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT NON SPLITTING ALLOWED NON SPLITTING ALLOWED
TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT NON SPLITTING ALLOWED NON SPLITTING ALLOWED
Lengthening a reverse critical activity The makespan is shortened Shortening a reverse critical activity The makespan is lengthened
Ponz-Tienda, Pellicer, Benlloch, Romano. (2015). The Fuzzy Project Scheduling Problem with Minimal Generalized Precedence Relations. Computer- Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 30: 872 891. doi: 10.1111/mice.12166
http://www.iglc.net/papers/details/1200 https://goo.gl/6dwn3u Ponz-Tienda, Pellicer, Rojas-Quintero, Alarcón. (2015). Integrating Task Fragmentation and Earned Value Method into the Last Planner System using Spreadsheets. 23rd Ann. Conf. of the Int l. Group for Lean Construction, At Perth, Australia
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on Phases and Processes LPS Commitments management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms Production is the Dancing Queen Durations and times are the Consequence New treatment of Overlapping Real conditions with Feeding GPRs Real treatment of Calendars METAHEURISTICS for resource management Treatment of REAL nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
TRADICIONAL SENDA PROJECT
Case study
Case study Duración Placa Día Inicio Fecha Inicio Propuesta Microsoft project Open Project Primavera P6 Primavera P3 CC FF CC FF Sucesoras Predecesoras Spider project 3 5 7 Duración Placa 3 5 7 Lunes 19/01/2015 51 47 51 51 65 65 51 59 51 Miercoles 21/01/2015 49 48 49 49 63 65 49 65 49 Viernes 23/01/2015 50 49 50 50 67 67 50 63 50 Lunes 19/01/2015 73 72 73 71 80 81 73 81 73 Miercoles 21/01/2015 76 76 76 76 78 85 76 79 76 Viernes 23/01/2015 76 75 76 76 83 84 76 83 76 Lunes 19/01/2015 101 101 101 101 106 102 101 102 101 Miercoles 21/01/2015 104 104 104 104 106 108 104 106 104 Viernes 23/01/2015 104 104 104 104 109 106 104 105 104 Día Inicio Fecha Inicio Propuesta Microsoft project Open Project Primavera P6 Primavera P3 CC FF CC FF Sucesoras Predecesoras Spider project Lunes 19/01/2015 51 8% 4-27% -14-27% -14-16% -8 Miercoles 21/01/2015 49 2% 1-27% -14-31% -16-31% -16 Viernes 23/01/2015 50 2% 1-33% -17-33% -17-25% -13 Lunes 19/01/2015 73 2% 1 4% 2-14% -7-16% -8-16% -8 Miercoles 21/01/2015 76-4% -2-18% -9-6% -3 Viernes 23/01/2015 76 2% 1-14% -7-16% -8-14% -7 Lunes 19/01/2015 101-10% -5-2% -1-2% -1 Miercoles 21/01/2015 104-4% -2-8% -4-4% -2 Viernes 23/01/2015 104-10% -5-4% -2-2% -1
Romero & Ponz-Tienda. (2015). Scheduling Multishore Slabs. Patent pending.
Romero & Ponz-Tienda. (2015). Scheduling Multishore Slabs. Patent pending.
Romero & Ponz-Tienda. (2015). Scheduling Multishore Slabs. Patent pending.
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on Phases and Processes LPS Commitments management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms Production is the Dancing Queen Durations and times are the Consequence New treatment of Overlapping Real conditions with Feeding GPRs Real treatment of Calendars Metaheuristics for resource management Treatment of REAL nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
Ponz-Tienda, Yepes, Pellicer, Moreno-Flores. (2013). Automation in Construction 29 161 172
Ponz-Tienda et al. (2015). Publishing pending
Ponz-Tienda et al. (2015). Smart prediction of Production rates. Patent pending.
Ponz-Tienda et al. (2015). Smart prediction of Production rates. Patent pending.
TRADITIONAL APPROACH Traditional hierarchy structure based Activities are the focus People & commitments management are absent Based on traditional CPM / PDM algorithms Production is forgotten Durations and times are the goal Excessive relaxation of overlapping Reverse criticality Mismanagement of calendars Obsolete heuristics for resource management Different natures of resources are not consider BIM interaction more visual than efficient Absent Parametric Cost Databases OUR PROPOSAL Hierarchy structure based on LPS LPS focused on Phases and Processes LPS Commitments management approach Improved Flow/PDM Algorithms Production is the Dancing Queen Durations and times are the Consequence New treatment of Overlapping Real conditions with Feeding GPRs Real treatment of Calendars Metaheuristics for resource management Treatment of Real nature of resources BIM interaction with Dynamic-links Massive use of PCD & BIM with DYNA-LINK
ABC/PBC COSTING Cost per Unit consumed Cost per Time in Process Cost per Production Cost per Use
PRODUCTION Bottle neck Subordinate Resources Efficient / levelled Consumption Learning curves & Productivity Variable Intensity Resource Constrained problems Resource Leveling Problems
SUMMARIZING