Iteatoal Joual o ompute pplcatos (975 8887) Volume 5 No.9, ugust Vedo Ealuato Usg Mult tea ecso Makg Techque. Elachezha Reseach Schola, ept. o Poducto Techology, M.I.T.ampus, a Uesty, hompet, hea-6 44. B. Vjaya Ramath Reseach Schola, ept. o Poducto Techology, M.I.T.ampus, a Uesty, hompet, hea-6 44.. R. Kesaa sst.poesso, ept. o Poducto Techology, M.I.T.ampus, a Uesty, hompet, hea-6 44. BSTRT supply cha s a etwok o depatmets, whch s oled the mauactue o a poduct om the pocuemet o aw mateals to the dstbuto o the al poducts to the custome. The tem supply cha s aleady oked eeescece amog the maageal commuty. The puchasg ucto has gaed mpotace the supply cha maagemet due to actos such as globalzato, ceased alue addto supply ad acceleated techology chage. key ad pehaps the most mpotat pocess o the puchasg ucto s the ecet selecto o supples, because t bgs sgcat sags o the ogazato. I geeal, the supple selecto ctea most commoly used by the dustes ae qualty, deley ad pce. lso, depedg o the copoate eomet o the dustes, the mpotace o the peomace measue ca ay. I ths wok a esatle techque amely mult ctea decso makg (MM) techque whch oles the aalytcal etwok pocess (NP) ad techque o ode peomace by smlaty to dea soluto (TOPSIS) method has bee used to select the best edo. alytcal Netwok Pocess ad TOPSIS method ae poweul decso makg pocesses whch help people to set potes o paametes that ae to be cosdeed by educg complex decso to a sees o oe-to-oe compasos, theeby sytheszg the esult Whe ay edo o a patcula tem make chages o the paametes lke pce, qualty etc to mpoe hs peomace o has mpoed abltes maagg supply cha by podg bette deley to hs custome, the whole heachy pocess o ag the akg o edos s to be peomed aga o dg out the best edo. Now t s elt that a stadad automated pocedue whch could peom the aboe pocessg task s essetal. So, stadad sotwae was deeloped a sutable platom such as VB,.NET ad MS access that could meet the cuet equemet. Ths package ca be executed seeal umbes o tmes wth chagg put paametes alues thus seg the pupose.. INTROUTION Tadtoally ogazato hae bee dded to opeate uctos such as maketg, plag, puchasg, ace etc. supply cha s a stategy that tegates these uctos ceatg a geeal pla o ogazato whch satses the sece polcy, matag the lowest possble cost leel due to the cedble compette eomet that they ae exposed to. supply cha s a etwok o depatmets, whch s oled the mauactug o a poduct om the pocuemet o aw mateals to the dstbuto o the al poduct to the custome. The puchasg ucto has gaed geate mpotace the supply cha maagemet due to actos such as globalzato, ceased alue addto supply, ad acceleated techologcal chage. Puchasg oles buyg the aw mateals, supples ad compoets o the ogazato. The acttes assocated wth t clude selectg ad qualyg supples, atg supple peomace, egotatg cotacts, compag pce, qualty ad sece, soucg goods ad sece, tme puchases, sellg tems o sale, ealuatg the alue eceed, pedctg pce, sece ad sometmes demad chages, specyg the om whch goods ae to be eceed etc. key ad pehaps the most mpotat pocess o the puchasg ucto s the ecet selecto o supples, because t bgs sgcat sag o the ogazato. The objecte o the supple selecto pocess s to educe sk ad maxmze the total alue o the buye, ad t oles cosdeg a sees o stategc aables. Some authos hae deted seeal ctea o supple selecto, such as the et pce, qualty, deley, hstocal supple peomace, capacty, commucato systems; sece a geogaphc locato amog othes. These ctea ae a key ssue the supple assessmet pocess sce t measues the peomace o the supples.. LITERTURE SURVEY Satu Peltola et al() emphaszed the use o alytcal Heachy Pocess(HP) ad tegated Suppot System(GSS) method o mpog the busess peomace eey secto. I ths pape, the peomace o buye-supple elatoshp wll be ehaced by usg a bechmakg method adg the detcato ad mplemetato o deelopmet actos equed o eachg the wold-class leel. The bechmakg pocess wll be led by two decso suppot systems amely HP ad GSS, to esue aluable outcomes o the bechmakg wth ewe esouces Ja Lag Yag et al(8) poposed a tegated uzzy multple ctea decso makg(mm) techques o solg edo selecto poblem, Ja utlze tagula uzzy umbe to expess the subjecte peeece o ealuatos wth espect to the cosdeed ctea Baa et al(6) used aalytcal etwok pocess(np), oe o the mult-ctea decso makg (MM) tools to choose oe o the ou alteate ladll stes o the cty o Eskseh, Tukey. Fo ths pupose supe decso sotwae has bee used 4
Iteatoal Joual o ompute pplcatos (975 8887) Volume 5 No.9, ugust ad beet oppotuty cost ad sk(bor) aalyss has bee doe to apply NP. eye Gece ad dem Gupa(7) used alytcal Netwok Pocess(NP) o selectg supples a electoc dusty. supples selecto, whch s the st step o the acttes the poduct ealzato pocess statg om the puchasg o aw mateal tll the ed o deleg the poducts, s ealuated as a ctcal acto o the compaes desg to be successul today s compette codto. Wth the scope o ths pape, supples selecto was cosdeed as a mult ctea decso poblem. Hsu Shh et al(6) used a exteso o TOPSIS( Techque o Ode Peomace by Smlaty to Ideal Soluto), a multattbute decso makg(mm) techque, to a goup decso eomet. TOPSIS s a pactcal ad useul techque o akg ad selecto o a umbe o exteally detemed alteates though dstat measues. hg Tog L et al(6) deeloped a uzzy aglty dex(fi) based o aglty podes usg uzzy logc. To achee a compette edge the apdly chagg busess eomet, compaes must alg wth supples ad customes to steamle opeato, as well as wokg togethe to achee a leel o aglty beyod ddual compaes. To llustate the ecacy o the method, the study also ealuates the supply cha aglty o a Tawaese compay. esheg Wu et al(8) cosdeed thee types o sk ealuato models wth supply cha such as chace costaed pogammg(p), data eelopmet aalyss(e), ad multobjecte pogammg(mop) models. Vaous sks ae modeled the om o pobablty ad smulato o specc pobablty dstbuto sk-embedded attbuted s coducted these thee types o sk ealuato models Flp Roodhoot ad Joze Kogs(996) poposed a actty based costg appoach o edo selecto ad ealuato. Ths system allows us to compute total costs caused by a supple a m s poducto pocess, theeby ceasg the objectty the selecto pocess. 3. MESURING SUPPLIER PERFORMNE Need o measug supple peomace Supple peomace has to be measued occasoally o the ollowg easos. To cease peomace sblty. To ucoe ad emoe hdde waste ad cost des the supply cha 3. To leeage the supply base 4. To alg custome ad supple busess pactces 5. To mtgate sk 6. To mpoe supple peomace THE EISION MKING TEM The decso makg team compses o the ollowg membes. Puchasg decto. Puchasg maage 3. Qualty maage 4. Poduct maage 5. Poducto maage 4. PROPOSE METHOOLOGY 4. Steps oled the Poposed Model The selecto pocess has bee moded to a e-step hybd pocedue, as ollows Step : Step : Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Idetcato o ecessay ctea o edo selecto Recogto o the depedece betwee ctea alculatg the weghts o ctea Ealuato o edos Negotato o the puchase Fgue : The poposed amewok o edo selecto 4. Ealuato tea wth Itedepedece I the edo ealuato pocess, a objecte, ubased decso s ey had to each ge the umeous ctea that eed to be caeully cosdeed ad examed. Oe omal goup maagemet techque o detemg a set o ealuato ctea s NGT. Ths well-kow pocess oces eeyoe to patcpate ad o domat peso s allowed to come out ad cotol the poceedgs. I NGT, all deas hae equal statue ad wll be judged mpatally by the goup. I ou poblem, see potetal ealuato ctea ae detemed as ollows. O-tme deley (l).. Poduct qualty (). 3. Pce/cost (3). 4. Faclty ad techology (4). 5. Resposeess to custome eeds (5). 6. Poessoalsm o salespeso (6). 7. Qualty o elatoshp wth edo (7). To smply the pocess ad aod ay msudestadgs, the teacto betwee ay two o these ctea s ot cosdeed the st stace. These ctea may ot clude all o the decso actos edo selecto. Howee, they ae deed meagul measues ad hae bee emphaszed may leadg atcles 5
Iteatoal Joual o ompute pplcatos (975 8887) Volume 5 No.9, ugust Next, ode to elect the tedepedece popety betwee the ctea, we eed to dety the exact elatoshp a etwok stuctue o NP. othe NGT pocess s take to costuct the elatoshp based o the ollowg two ecogtos:. Pce/cost may be lueced by the qualty o poducts ad the elatoshp wth edos.. Poduct qualty may be lueced by aclty ad techology. Fgue. epesets the elatoshp o tedepedecy. sgle aow mples a oe-way elatoshp. Fo example, the aow that leaes om ad eeds to 3 mples that the elatoshp o cteo has a luece o cteo 3. 4.3 etemato o Weghts to tea To deteme the elatoshp o the degee o tedepedece, the NP techque, whch s a exteso o HP, s used to addess the elate mpotace o the ctea. NP s deeloped to geeate potes o decsos wthout makg assumptos about a udectoal heachy elatoshp betwee decso leels. To take the place o a lea top-to-bottom om o stct heachy, the NP model podes a loose etwok stuctue ad possbly epesets ay decso poblem. The elate mpotace o stegth o the mpacts q a ge elemet s measued o a ato scale, whch s smla to HP. Fgue : The tedepedet elatoshp betwee the selected ctea TIVITY: Wthout assumg the tedepedece betwee ctea, the decso makes o expets ae asked to ealuate all poposed ctea pa-wse. They espoded to questos such as "Whch ctea should be emphaszed moe a edo, ad how much moe?" The esposes wee peseted umecally ad scaled o the bass o Saaty's - 9 scale, whee epesets deece betwee the two ctea ad 9 epesets exteme peeece o oe cteo oe the compaed cteo. Each pa o ctea s judged oly oce. ecpocal alue wll be assged automatcally o the eese compaso. Oce the pa-wse compasos ae completed, the local poty ecto w x s computed as the uque soluto o w. maxw Whee max s the lagest ege alue o pa-wse compaso matx. ll obtaed ectos ae uthe omalzed to epeset the local poty ecto w. TIVITY: Next, the eects o the tedepedece betwee the ctea ae esoled. The goup membes wll exame the mpact o all ctea o each othe by pa-wse compasos too. To help smooth the compaso pocess, a couple o questos such as "Whch cteo wll luece cteo 3 moe: o 7? d how much moe?" ae asweed. Vaous pa-wse compaso matces ae costucted o each cteo. These pa-wse compaso matces ae eeded o detyg the elate mpacts o ctea tedepedet elatoshps. The omalzed pcpal ege ectos o these matces ae calculated ad show as colum compoets tedepedece weght matx B, whee zeos ae assged to the egeecto weghts o the ctea wth o tedepedet elatoshp. TIVITY: 3 Now the tedepedece potes.o the ctea ca be obtaed by sytheszg the esults om the peous two steps as ollows: T w c Bw. () Thus, the weghts o the ealuato ctea ca be detemed 4.4 The Rakg ad Selecto Pocess s lage umbe o potetal aalable edos the cuet maketg eomet, a ull NP decso pocess becomes mpactcal some cases. To aod a ueasoably lage umbe o pa-wse compasos, we choose TOPSIS as the akg techque because o ts cocept's ease o use. lso, NP s adopted smply o the acqusto o the weghts o ctea. Fst, a geeal TOPSIS pocess wth sx acttes s lsted below. TIVITY: Establsh a decso matx o the akg.. The stuctue o the matx ca be expessed as ollows: m m F F m Fj j j j mj F whee deotes the alteates,j =, m; F j epesets jth attbute o cteo, j=,.., elated to th alteate; ad j s a csp alue dcatg the peomace atg o each alteate wth espect to each cteo F j. TIVITY: alculate the omalzed decso matx R (=[ j ]). The omalzed alue j s calculated as show Eq. (). j j. () j m 6
Iteatoal Joual o ompute pplcatos (975 8887) Volume 5 No.9, ugust whee j =,.., ; =,., m. TIVITY: 3 alculate the weghted omalzed decso matx by multplyg the omalzed decso matx by ts assocated weghts. The weghted omalzed alue j s calculated as show Eq. (3). w, j j j j =,.., ; =,., m.. (3) whee W j epesets the weght o the jth attbute o cteo. TIVITY: 4 eteme the PIS ad NIS, espectely:...... max j...... m j J, m J, max j j whee J s assocated wth the beet ctea, ad j s assocated wth the cost ctea. TIVITY: 5 alculate the sepaato measues, usg the m-dmesoal Eucldea dstace. The sepaato measue + o each alteate om the PIS s ge Eq. (4). ' J ' J j j,...m.. (4) j Smlaly, the sepaato measue o each alteate om the NIS s as show Eq. (5). j j,...m.. (5) j TIVITY: 6 alculate the elate closeess to the dea soluto ad ak the alteates descedg ode. The elate closeess o the alteate wth espect to PIS V + ca be expessed as:,,...,m. (6) Whee the dex alue o les betwee ad. the lage the dex alue, the bette the peomace o the alteates. R+ = { +.. +} j (7) j j wj,... m. (8) j j j wj,... m.,..., m, (9) 5. RESULTS N ISUSSION Fo llustato pupose, a example o edo selecto s peomed by the suggested hybd appoach. Let us cosde that ou edos, l,, 3, ad 4 ae oled o ealuato. team o thee s chaged ths poject. See cteas ae cosdeed o the selecto (Step ad Step ), ad the othe steps ae summazed as ollows: Step 3: The decso makes wll be asked to ealuate all ctea pa-wse wthout assumg the tedepedece betwee them. The omalzed ege ecto ca be calculated as w = (l,, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) = (.347,.47,.4,.35,.84,.43,.) whch epesets the elated local poty o these ctea. The degee o cosstecy o the pa-wse compaso s measued wth the use o the cosstecy ato (R) dex. It s cosdeed logcally cosstet R s less tha o equal to.. The R alue o ths case s.58, whch s acceptable. Step 4: The tedepedece betwee the ctea s ow cosdeed. ll decso makes o goup membes wll exame the mpact o all the ctea by pa-wse compaso. I total, thee ae see compaso matces geeated by all membes. The omalzed egeecto o these matces deeloped by the st membe s calculated ad show as see colums Table, whee zeos ae assged to the egeecto weghts o the ctea wth o tedepedet elatoshp. The data Table mply the elate mpact o pat o the ctea o othes. Fo example, the degee o elate mpact o o 3 s.36. 5. Pa-wse ompaso Matx o tea The pa-wse compaso matx o deet cteas s show Table. Table The pa-wse compaso matx o ctea 3 4 5 6 7 Vecto weghts 4 5 4 6 4.346 ½ 3 4 4 5 3.47 3 ¼ /3 /3 /5 /.4 4 ¼ /5 3 4 /.35 5 ¼ /4 / /4 /4 /3.84 6 /6 /5 5 4 3.43 7 ¼ /3 / 3 /3. 7
Iteatoal Joual o ompute pplcatos (975 8887) Volume 5 No.9, ugust 5. egee o Relate Impact o Ealuato tea Table epesets the degee o elate mpact o ealuato ctea. Table egee o elate mpact o ealuato ctea 3 4 5 6 7.866.36 3.66 4.34 5 6 7.58 The elate mpotace o the ctea cosdeg tedepedece ca be obtaed by sytheszg the esults. w 3 4 5 6 7.346.47.4.35.84.43..866.34.346.47.86.68.84.43.3.36.66.58 ccodg to the ecto om decso make,,, ad 7 ae thee o the most mpotat actos elated to the ealuato pocess. t the ext leel o the decso pocess, the decso makes wll be asked to establsh the decso matx by compag caddates ude each cteo sepaately. The ctea ae assumed to be beet ctea ad they wee asked to ge a set o csp alues wth the age o to to epeset the peomace o each alteate wth espect to each cteo. te the decso matces ae detemed, we omalze these matces a Eq. (). Table 3 shows the esult o decso make 5.3 Nomalzed ecso Matx The omalzed decso matx o aous edos wth espect to the cteas s show below Table 3. Table 3 egee o elate mpact o ealuato ctea 3 4 5 6 7.55.396.43.453.46.69.375.55.594.33.543.577.449.375 3.44.495.647.543.577.449.6 4.44.495.539.453.346.449.6 Step 5: based o the PIS ad N, the akg acttes wll stat. By Eq. (7), the PIS ad NIS o decso make wll be: R + = (.55,.594,.647,.543,.577,.69,.6), R + = (.44,.396,.33,.453,.346,.449,.375), 5.4 Sepaato dstaces o the Goup Table 4 shows the sepaato dstaces calculated by the thee decso makes based o the peomace o edos o the chose cteas. Table 4 Sepaato dstaces o the goup M# M# M#3 ggegated sepaato dstaces.5.64.8.8.36.7.95.44.46..85..4.65.57.3 3.89.65.6.34.5..66.5 4..9.97.33.6.3.56.8 Note: M - decso make. 5.5 Fal Rak o the Vedo Selecto Poblem Table 5 shows the closeess coecet o aous edos whch s calculated by TOPSIS method. It ages betwee ad. Table 5.5 Fal ak o the edo selecto poblem Rak lteate loseess coecet 3.758.457 3 4.43 4.85 Usg the ctea weghts (Wc) obtaed om step -3 ad Eq. (8), the weghted Eucldea dstaces, betwee t ad R +, ad betwee ad R, ca be calculated mmedately. Table 4 8
Iteatoal Joual o ompute pplcatos (975 8887) Volume 5 No.9, ugust epesets the sepaato dstaces deeloped by all thee membes. Next, to dee goup potes, the goup s aggegated sepaato dstaces ae geeated by ts geometc mea. The last two colums o Table 4 show the esults. Fally, the elate closeess to the dea soluto o each alteate ca be calculated usg Eq. (9). The al esults ca be see Table 5. ccodg to the closeess coecet, the akg ode o the ou caddates s 3,, 4 ad. Obously, the best selecto s caddate 3. 6. SOFTWRE EVELOPMENT I ode to execute seeal umbe o tmes wth chagg put paametes, sotwae to calculate edo atg s beg deeloped dug the phase II usg VB.NET ad MS ccess Quey Laguage 7. ONLUSION eelopg a obust, easy-to-deploy method o ealuatg supples s a-ctcal busess competecy. The methodology should be soud ad the appoach pactcal. Gatheg data o the sake o data wll ot poduce the etu o estmet supple ealuato. Most mpotatly, compaes eed to use the esults as a meas to oste commucatos ad a statg pot o supple deelopmet ad peomace mpoemet. Ths, tu, wll help compaes to eap the acal ad compette ewads o hgh peomg key supples. I ths poject a attempt has bee made to select the best edo by usg Mult tea ecso Makg techque whch uses alytcal Netwok pocess (NP) ad TOPSIS method. alytcal Netwok Pocess maly aods abtay assgmets o weghts o the actos depedg o the decso make, ad elate pa wse compaso stll makes the pocess moe easble ad moe accuate edo atg ca be obtaed whe compaed to ay othe method. sotwae pogam has bee deeloped dug phase II by usg VB.NET ad Ms ccess by cosdeg aous actos such as qualty, pce, o-tme deley, esposeess, etc. as put to ealuate the best edo as a output. I ths pocess tme, mapowe equemet s ey less as t s based o a sotwae ad o techcal kowledge s equed to opeate ths whch ca be doe by a smple data ety opeato. 8. REFERENES [] lbeto e To ad Gudo Nassmbe (), ' method o the ealuato o supples co-desg eot', Iteatoal Joual o Poducto Ecoomcs, 7, 69-8. [] m Saaye, Fad Mousa S., bd M.R. ad l Mohagha (8), ' tegated goup decso-makg pocess o supple selecto ad ode allocato usg mult-attbute utlty theoy ad lea pogammg', Joual o the Fakl Isttute, 6, 83-847. [3] Baa M, Kose B.M. ad Ozka. (6), 'hoosg a mucpal ladll ste by alytcal Netwok Pocess', tcle o Eo Geol, 5, 74-75. [4] Bagla M. ad Peto. (), ' qualty assuace oeted methodology o hadlg tade-os supple selecto', Iteatoal joual o Physcal stbuto & Logstcs Maagemet, 3 No., 96-. [5] eye Gece ad dem Gupa (7), 'alytcal Netwok Pocess supple selecto: case study a electoc m', ppled Mathematcal Modellg, 3, 475-486. [6] hg-tog L, Heo hu ad Po-Youg hu (6), 'glty dex the supply cha', Iteatoal Joual o Poducto Ecoomcs,, 85-99. [7] hopa S. ad Medle P. (), 'Supply ha Maagemet Stategy, Plag ad Opeato', Petce Hall Ic., Uppe Saddle Re, -4. [8] egaee Z., Labo E. ad Roodhoot F. (), ' ealuato o edo selecto models om a total cost o oweshp pespecte', Euopea Joual O Opeatoal Reseach, 5, 34-58 [9] esheg Wu ad ad L. Olso (8), 'Supply cha sk, smulato, ad edo selecto', Iteatoal Joual o Poducto Ecoomcs, 4, 646-655. [] ckso G.W. (966), ' aalyss o edo selecto systems ad decsos', Joual o Puchasg,, No., 5-7. [] lay eleb ad emet Bayakta (8), ' tegated eual etwok ad data eelopmet aalyss o supple ealuato ude complete omato', Expet Systems wth pplcatos, 35, 698-7. [] Elea Tspokoa ad Veselka Boea (6) 'Mult-step akg o alteates a mult-ctea ad mult-expet decso makg eomet', Iteatoal Joual o Iomato Sceces, 76, 673-697. [3] Flp Roodhoot ad Joze Kogs (996),'Vedo selecto ad ealuato - actty based costg appoach', Euopea Joual o Opeatoal Reseach, 96, 97-. [4] Hsu-Shh Shh, Hua-Jyh Shyu ad Staley Lee E. (6), ' exteso o TOPSIS o goup decso makg', Mathematcal ad ompute Modellg, 45, 8-83. [5] Hua Jyh Shyu ad Hsu-Shh Shh (6), ' hybd MM model o stategc edo selecto', Mathematcal ad ompute Modellg, 44, 749-76. [6] Ja Lag Yag, Hua Neg hu, Gwo Hshug Tzeg ad Ruey Hue Yeh (8), 'Vedo selecto by tegated uzzy MM techques wth depedet ad tedepedet elatoshps', Iteatoal Joual o Iomato Sceces, 78, 63-64. [7] Mtsutosh Kojma, Kech Nakashma ad Katsuhsa Oho (8), 'Peomace ealuato o SM JIT eomet', Iteatoal Joual O Poducto Ecoomcs, 5, 439-443. [8] Mohammad Tagh Taghaaad ad ael Mheyda (8),' ew amewok o ealuato ad potzato o supple's usg a Heachy Fuzzy TOPSIS', Poceedgs o wold academy o scece, 3, -8. 9