Debian Linux Installation Lab Spring 2013 In this lab you will be installing Debian Linux in a KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine). You will be guided through a series of steps to setup the network (IP addresses, default gateway, etc). Please follow the steps below very carefully. If you make a mistake, you may have to start from scratch. Take your time. This is not a race, go slow and learn. We will go through the first part of this lab as a class.so keep in pace with everyone, don t jump ahead. Follow the instructions below, and watch what is on the screen, carefully and slowly. Work together with your partner and class. Watch what is happening. Questions on the mid-term and final will include questions from this lab. There are two machines at each station in this lab, one is in a sling under the table which is a Rutgers Linux system on the internet, and the other is a small form factor system sitting on the desk under the monitor that we'll be using for this class. On the monitor, you will see a label, like HPCLAB##, that is the name of the Rutgers Linux system, for our lab systems, drop the HPC part of the label, and just use the lab## (all lowercase) as your hostname for your system. So in other words, if you are sitting at HPCLAB01, then make sure you name your system lab01, and your IP address will be 192.168.1.101. The person sitting at lab14 will have an IP address of 192.168.1.114. If you are not sure what your IP address is for your system, just ask. It's important that you use the correct IP address for your system, or you will run into problems later. II. Installing Debian Linux: 1. Just as you did with the Windows install, we need to setup a virtual machine to install Linux on. So log into the KVM host. 2. Setup a new virtual machine, by doing the following: Press the New button to create a new virtual machine. Step 1 of 5: For Name enter linux-lab##, in other words, if you are sitting at HPCLAB01, you would enter linux-lab01. Make sure that Local install media (ISO image or CDROM) is selected, then click Forward. Step 2 of 5: For install media, choose Use ISO image and click the Browse... button, then select debian-6.0.6-amd64-dvd-1.iso and click Choose Volume. For OS Type choose Linux and for Version choose Debian Squeeze and then click Forward. Step 3 of 5: For memory, choose 1024 (MB) and for CPUs, choose 2 and then click Forward. Step 4 of 5: Make sure Enable storage for this virtual machine is selected and choose to Create a disk image on the computer's hard drive and set the size to 15 (GB), and un-check the Allocate entire disk now and then click Forward. 1
Step 5 of 5: Confirm that your setup looks similar to these settings: OS: Debian Squeeze Install: Local CDROM/ISO Memory: 1024MB CPUs: 2 Storage: 15.0 GB /vm/linux-lab##.img You'll also see an Advanced options area, don't change anything in there, but feel free to look in there where you can set different options like MAC address and architecture (32bit/64bit). The defaults are fine for us, so again, no need to change anything in there. Just click Finish. As soon as you click Finish on that last step, your virtual machine will immediately startup and it will boot from the Debian ISO image that you pointed it to. You may have to resize the linux-lab## Virtual Machine window in order to see everything on the screen. From this point on, you'll be working inside of the virtual machine window, so if you want to, you can click the Fullscreen button to make the window full screen. While you are in full screen mode, you can bring your mouse to the top of the screen (in the middle) and you will see a little drop-down menu appear which will allow you to exit full screen mode as well as send key combinations. 3. From the Debian Installer Boot Menu, choose Graphical Install and press <ENTER>. 4. At the Select a language screen, choose English and press <ENTER> to Then choose United States and press <ENTER> to 5. At the Configure the keyboard screen, choose American English, and click 6. The installer will now display a couple of progress bars, during which time it is detecting/mounting your CD-ROM drive, along with loading installer components from the CD. After doing so, the installer will attempt to configure your network via DHCP, however we are not running a DHCP server, so when you see the progress bar that says DHCP, you can either wait for it to timeout or click the Cancel button. 7. You will see a screen saying that Network autoconfiguration failed, that is okay, just click 8. At the next screen, you want to choose Configure network manually and press <ENTER> to Enter your IP address: 192.168.1.XXX (XXX = Machine's IP) Enter your Netmask: 255.255.255.0 Enter your Gateway: 192.168.1.1 For the Name server address (DNS): 192.168.1.1 Enter your Hostname: labxx (The installer should have been able to determine this from the IP) 2
Enter Domain name: private.network (again, installer should auto-fill this in from DNS) 9. At the Set up users and passwords screen, you will be asked to enter a root password, for this lab use abc123!, press <ENTER> and then enter abc123! again and press <ENTER>. 10. You are now prompted to create a local account on the system. For this lab, for the full name, enter your name, and press <ENTER> to For the username, enter your Rutgers NetID and press <ENTER> to For the password, enter demo123, press <ENTER> and then enter demo123 again and press <ENTER>. 11. The installer will now try to get the clock from a network time server, but since we don't have internet access, just let it fail or click Cancel to stop it. You will now be prompted to Configure the clock, choose Eastern then 12. The installer will now attempt to detect your hard drives and the partitions that currently exist on the hard drive...this is a clean hard drive, since we just created it for this virtual machine. We will now partition the drive to accommodate the Linux operating system. Although we could use the installer's Guided partitioning system, we are going to manually create the partitions so that we can have greater control over the layout of our hard drive, so choose Manual and press <ENTER> to 13. Highlight the hard drive you would like to partition usually Virtual disk 1 (vda) 16.1 GB Virtio Block Device, and press <ENTER> to You will be asked if you would like to create a new empty partition table on this device, choose Yes and press <ENTER> to 14. You will now see FREE SPACE is available on your hard drive. Highlight the FREE SPACE and press <ENTER> to Choose Create a new partition, and press <ENTER> to For the size, enter 6.0GB, and press <ENTER> to For partition, type choose Primary, and press <ENTER> to Choose to create this partition at the Beginning and press <ENTER> to Make sure Mount point is / and highlight Bootable flag: and press <ENTER> to turn it on. Now select Done setting up this partition and press <ENTER> to 15. We need to create another partition (for your home directory files), so again, highlight FREE SPACE and press <ENTER> to Choose Create a new partition, and press <ENTER> to For the size, enter 1.0GB, and press <ENTER> to For partition, type choose Primary, and press <ENTER> to Choose to create this partition at the Beginning and press <ENTER> to Make sure Mount point is /home. Now select Done setting up this partition and pres <ENTER> to 16. Lastly, we need to create a swap partition (for our virtual memory). So highlight FREE SPACE and press <ENTER> to Choose Create a new partition, and press 3
<ENTER> to For the size, enter 2.0GB, and press <ENTER> to For partition, type choose Primary, and press <ENTER> to Choose to create this partition at the Beginning and press <ENTER> to This time, highlight Use as: and press <ENTER> to change the setting from Ext3 to swap area, then press <ENTER> to Now select Done setting up this partition and press <ENTER> to 17. We're done partitioning the drive, so select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk, and press <ENTER> to 18. Confirm your partitioning setup, by choosing Yes, and then press <ENTER> to Your hard drive is now being partitioned, which may take a little while. 19. At the next screen, you'll see it say Install the base system, the system will now install the bare minimum needed for Debian to run on the system. This will take about 10 minutes. 20. The installer will now scan your CD/DVD drive to determine which packages are available for installation on this system. This will take a few minutes. It will then ask you if there are any other CD/DVDs that it should scan, select No and choose 21. The installer will then ask if there are any network mirrors (package repositories) available for it to use. Since we are just installing the packages that are on the CD/DVD, choose No, and press <ENTER> to 22. The installer is going to hang here for about 5 minutes because it's not going to be able to contact the Debian security mirror, which is okay since we're on a private network. Normally the installer will automatically fetch any updates that are available and automatically install them for you. 23. After the installer generates it's package list, you will be prompted to Participate in the package usage survey, choose No and press <ENTER> to 24. You will now have the option to choose which packages to install on your system, choose the following: X Graphical Desktop Environment X File server X Standard system utilities Then click 25. The installer will now install all of the required packages onto the system (usually around 1137 packages). This will take a while. Wait Time: 10 minutes 26. You will be prompted for a Workgroup/Domain name, enter SYSADMIN, and click 4
27. The system will then continue installing software. Wait Time: 20 minutes 28. Next you will be asked to configure your boot loader (GRUB), choose Yes to installing the boot loader in the master boot record (MBR). Press <ENTER> to 29. At the Finish the installation screen, you should see Installation complete, just click and the system will go through the shut down process and reboot the system. 30. As the machine boots up, the first screen you will see is the GRUB boot loader, after 5 seconds the default kernel will begin to boot. After the machine boots up, you will be presented with the Debian logon screen. III. Getting to know Debian Linux: Log into the system using the account you created and password demo123. For right now, look around the system. Run different applications and see what they do. HOWEVER, IF YOU GET PROMPTED FOR THE ROOT PASSWORD, OR A PROGRAM NEEDS ADMINISTRATIVE PRIVLEDGES TO RUN, DO NOT RUN THE PROGRAM. I DO NOT WANT YOU TO MAKE ANY CHANGES TO THE SYSTEM, AS WE WILL BE MAKING CHANGES DURING THE LABS. If you make changes now, the lab results may not be the same for you. That's it for now... 5