Ecosystem Services conservation in the Cantareira - Mantiqueira Corridor Oscar Sarcinelli, PhD Student
Presentation Structure: 1. What are ecosystem services and it s conservation; 2. Cantareira Mantiqueira Corridor and the Cantareira Water Supply System; 3. IPE actions for ecosystem services conservation in the Cantareira Mantiqueira Corridor
What are ecosystem services? Benefits Supplied to Human Societies by Natural Ecosystems that perform fundamental life-support It s conservation is achieved trough ecosystem structures conservation (Constanza et al, 1997; Daly et al, 1997).
Milenum Ecosystem Assets, 2005 Some services from forest ecosystems... Genetic biodiversity conservation Wood provision Medicinal plants Climate regulation carbon sequestration Soil protection Polinization Clean water provision
Forest fragmentation and ecosystem services loss Brazil São Paulo State There were forests before humans came and deserts follow them (Chateaubriand)
History of forest ecosystem services loss Original forest of São Paulo State at 1500 81,8% of dense forest Victor, M.A.M. 1975. A Devastação Florestal. São Paulo. Ed. Soc. Bras. Silvicultura. Victor, M. A. M. et al.2005. Cem anos de devastação: revisitada 30 anos depois. Brasília. Ministério do Meio Ambiente.
São Paulo State forest cover at 1854 (starting the coffee production cicle). 79,7% forest cover;
São Paulo State forest cover at 1.920 (coffee production and starting industrialization). 44,8% original forest cover
São Paulo State forest cover at 1.962 (green revolution in brazilian agriculture). 13,7% original forest cover
São Paulo State current forest cover Cobertura florestal original Cobertura florestal atual
Some ecosystem degradation data; Between 1945 and 2000 more forest was converted to crop land than XVIII e XIX centuries together today 24% of Earth surface are crop production lands; Inadequate management is responsible for 38% of the degradation of the hole cultivated land in the world (WRI, 2008) soil erosion, desertification and loss of biodiversity; Since1980 we lost 35% of mangroves, 20% of coral reefs;
Cantareira Mantiqueira Corridor and the Cantareira Water Supply System;
Study region
The Cantareira System provides fresh water for nine million people in the metropolitan region of São Paulo; Urbanization, land occupation for agriculture and forest fragmentation; There are still many forest remnants that mantain a hight degree of threatened diversity and endemism;
Fonte: www.sabesp.com.br
IPE actions for ecosystem services conservation in the Cantareira Mantiqueira Corridor
Costs of forest conversion into a agricultural land Deforestation Soil preparation Fertilizers Plantation Sedimentation Water quantity and quality loss Carbon emission loss of biodiversity Benefits Sells of production self consumption ecosystem structures and services
Landscape conservation and ecosystem services in the Atibainha reservoir
Armazenamento de carbono
Controle de erosão e sedimentação
Manutenção da fertilidade do solo
Total economic value for Atibainha reservoir forest cover
1.149.000 t CO 2 into the atmospher 18.650 X Deforest all the Atibainha reservior = + 53.260 tons of soil into the reservoir every year 3.350 X
Projeto SEMEANDO ÁGUA - Pagamento por serviços ambientais no corredor Cantareira-Mantiqueira Projeto EMBAÚBA - Recuperação de áreas degradadas no corredor Cantareira- Mantiqueira IPÊ/ESCAS Tel/Fax: (11) 4597-1327 Website:http://www.ipe.org.br Apoio: Tropical Forest Conservation Act TFCA
Fragmentos estudados Área analisada Rios Remanescentes Florestais Approach 0 10 20 40 km Fragmentos estudados Área analisada Rios Remanescentes Florestais ± 1. Thresholds for - Biodiversity - Ecosystem Services 0 10 20 Fragmentos 40 estudados Área analisada km Rios Remanescentes Florestais ± Ecosystem Services 2. PES - Water - Structure - Ecosystem Services Evaluation - Quantity and Quality 0 10 20 40 Fragmentos km estudados Área analisada Rios Remanescentes Florestais ± 3. Restauration - Priority areas - Landscape variables - Low costs models 0 10 20 40 km ±
Overview Structure a functional model of PES water involving local comunities; Mapping critical areas for forest restoration actions using law parameters, ecological landscape parameters, soil erosion parameters and hydrological parameters; Testing and evaluating ecological and economic models for different methods of forest restoration and direction of natural forest regeneration; Propose a forest restoration program for the Cantareira Mantiqueira corridor; Definition of optimal landscape configuration; Ecosystem services spatial arrangement and future scenarios projection;
Nossa abordagem Regional Local Institucional
Information gathered by IPÊ projects Spatial data base: map of land use, watershed, hydrograph, topography, areas for permanent preservation, landscape dynamics, landscape metrics; Properties: properties limits, land use, willingness to accept forest conservation in PES water program; Economics: opportunity cost for principal agricultures, ecological and economics analyses for land conservation practices and forest restoration; Ecosystem Services: quantity and quality of water, forest carbon estimation and soil loss estimation; Biological: richness and composition of the vegetation in natural regeneration areas; Public policies
Obrigado! eduditt@ipe.org.br oscar@ipe.org.br