Operating Systems Virtualization mechanisms
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1 Operating Systems Virtualization mechanisms René Serral-Gracià Xavier Martorell-Bofill 1 1 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) May 26, 2014
2 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms 3 Applications 4 Cloud Computing 5 Management 6 Practical Tips 7 Examples R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 2
3 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms 3 Applications 4 Cloud Computing 5 Management 6 Practical Tips 7 Examples R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 3
4 Objectives Knowledge What is virtualization Which uses has virtualization Which uses does NOT have virtualization Virtualization solutions Abilities Create/delete virtual machines Management capabilities for virtual machines Virtual Machine Administration R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 4
5 What is virtualization... An abstraction mechanism to manage (by partitioning, by merging,...) physical resources Virtualization is based on the creation of one (or more) virtual representations of a particular resource Examples Local Area Network (VLAN) Web Virtual Hosts Storage Virtualization (e.g., LVM, Cloud storage) Data Virtualization (e.g., seamless access to information) Hardware Virtualization R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 5
6 Hardware Virtualization The virtualization affects the whole machine where new virtual instance is/are created The original OS is called host OS The other virtual OS(s) is/are named guest OSs The new instances work autonomously and use the host OS as proxy with the hardware Types of Hardware Virtualization Full Virtualization Paravirtualization Partial virtualization R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 6
7 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms Full Virtualization Paravirtualization OS virtualization 3 Applications 4 Cloud Computing 5 Management 6 Practical Tips R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 7
8 Full Virtualization Overview Complete emulation of hardware components Using the legacy OS as proxy to the hardware Transparent for guest OS Virtual Machine Manager Virtual Machine 1 Guest OS Virtual Machine 2 Guest OS Virtual Machine 3 Guest OS Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Machine Layer Standard Host OS Hardware R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 8
9 Full Virtualization Functionalities and Examples Functionalities Memory reservation CPU virtualization Virtual Network Interfaces Examples Multiplatform VMWare VirtualBox Linux QEmu/KVM Windows Microsoft R Hyper-V Server 2008 MacOS Parallels R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 9
10 Paravirtualization Concurrent execution of different OS Management Domain controls the rest of OS Requires support of the hardware and the OS Hypervisor Manager Virtual Machine 1 Guest OS Virtual Machine 2 Guest OS Virtual Machine 3 Guest OS Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Hypervisor Management Domain Hypervisor enabled OS Hardware R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 10
11 Paravirtualization Functionalities and Examples Functionalities Memory partitioning CPU partitioning Network card separation Controlled bus access Examples Xen UML R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 11
12 OS Virtualization Collaboration between host and guests Direct access to the hardware form the guests Can run in userspace Requires support of the OS Host and guests use the same OS Concurrent running OS Virtual OS 1 Virtual OS 2 Virtual OS 3 Host OS Hardware R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 12
13 OS virtualization Functionalities and Examples Functionalities Concurrent execution of various instances of the operating system Examples OpenVZ Solaris Containers BSD Jails Linux Containers LXC Docker.io R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 13
14 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms 3 Applications 4 Cloud Computing 5 Management 6 Practical Tips 7 Examples R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 14
15 Applications Useful for... Energy saving Space saving Lightweight processes Service aggregation R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 15
16 Applications Useful for... Energy saving Space saving Lightweight processes Service aggregation Should not be used for... Heavyweight processes Computational power R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 15
17 Main Functionalities Machine level backup/restoration Snapshots Regular backups Machine Pause/Suspend Service Isolation Resource limitation (CPU, Memory, I/O, Networking) Machine teleporting Memory teleporting Full machine teleporting Cloning Centralized management R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 16
18 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms 3 Applications 4 Cloud Computing Rationale Delivered Services 5 Management 6 Practical Tips 7 Examples R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 17
19 Rationale under Cloud Computing Offer computation, storage, and services Outsourcing of IT local resources through well defined APIs Easy adoption for customers Masking operational details Less management overhead Increase in resources Increase in performance Low cost R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 18
20 Delivered services Software as a Service Software licensed on a subscription based fee model Through periodic fees Through advertisement Mostly web based Examples GMail Facebook Whatsapp R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 19
21 Delivered services Computing platform Platform as a Service Customer deploys application using service provider features into the provider s premises Provider offers storage, computation, memory, networks, and other necessary facilities Examples Amazon Web Services (AWS) Rackspace R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 20
22 Delivered services Lowest level Infrastructure as a Service Providing hypervisor, networking, storage The customer is in charge of configuring and administering everything Examples Amazon Web Services (AWS) Rackspace R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 21
23 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms 3 Applications 4 Cloud Computing 5 Management VM Creation and Deletion Integrated Management Solutions Backups 6 Practical Tips R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 22
24 VM Creation Required steps to create a VM Create system hard drive Dynamically allocated Less space / Slower Statically allocated More space / Faster Create hardware CPU(s) Memory Disk(s)... Install the operating system Configure services R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 23
25 VM Deletion Required steps to delete a VM Backup user/shared data Disable/ban users Stop all the services Unregister virtual machine Remove the hard drive R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 24
26 VM Resources Management Resource enhancements More CPU(s) Memory increase Hard disk resizing Different from Filesystem resizing R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 25
27 VM Resources Management Resource enhancements More CPU(s) Memory increase Hard disk resizing Different from Filesystem resizing System administration Use passwordless remote administration (ssh, pssh) Create management scripts Send command to all Install to all R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 25
28 Integrated Management Solutions libvirt: virsh, virt-manager VMWare vsphere OpenNebula: OpenStack: R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 26
29 Backup mechanisms Full Hardware backup Use available facilities within the Virtualization Software Use a master copy of the system R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 27
30 Backup mechanisms Full Hardware backup Use available facilities within the Virtualization Software Use a master copy of the system Regular backup Similar to the legacy case Backup shared storage area R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 27
31 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms 3 Applications 4 Cloud Computing 5 Management 6 Practical Tips 7 Examples R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 28
32 Practical Tips GUI are evil Use headless setups Monitor resource usage Use shared storage for user data Clone the VMs Use different servers Resilience Load balancing R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 29
33 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms 3 Applications 4 Cloud Computing 5 Management 6 Practical Tips 7 Examples R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 30
34 Management Interface virt-manager Aggregated management and monitoring Create/Delete/Modify VMs Connect/Disconnect removable media R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 31
35 Management Interface VirtualBox Aggregated management and monitoring Create/Delete/Modify VMs Connect/Disconnect removable media R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 32
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