STAPP CAR CRASH JOURNAL

Transcription

1 STAPP CAR CRASH JOURNAL VOLUME 48 Editors-in-Chief Albert I. King, Wayne State University John W. Melvin, Tandelta, Inc. Lawrence W. Schneider, The University of Michigan Executive Editor Leda L. Ricci, The University of Michigan Editorial Review Board Farid Bendjellal Britax Childcare Limited John M. Cavanaugh Wayne State University Richard F. Chandler FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute Dainius J. Dalmotas Transport Canada Rolf H. Eppinger National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Donald F. Huelke The University of Michigan Dimitrios Kallieris University of Heidelberg Robert S. Levine Wayne State University James H. McElhaney Duke University David F. Meaney University of Pennsylvania Harold J. Mertz General Motors Corporation Barry S. Myers Duke University Alan M. Nahum University of California, San Diego Guy S. Nusholtz DaimlerChrysler Corporation Frank A. Pintar Medical College of Wisconsin Priya Prasad Ford Motor Company Stephen W. Rouhana Ford Motor Company Richard L. Stalnaker Ristal Engineering Jac S.H.M. Wismans TNO Automotive/ Eindhoven University of Technology

2 Stapp Car Crash Journal The journal of the John Paul Stapp Association, published annually Papers presented at the 48th Stapp Car Crash Conference, November 2004 The Stapp Association is composed of an autonomous Stapp Advisory Committee and was founded in honor of John Paul Stapp, pioneer researcher of human tolerance to crash decelerations. The Association is dedicated to the dissemination of research findings in impact biomechanics, human tolerance to impact trauma, and crash injury protection. This is achieved primarily through the annual Stapp Car Crash Journal and associated conference. The scope of material contained in this journal includes new data on the biomechanics of injury and human tolerance, new methods and tools to study the biomechanics of injury, new developments in occupant protection systems, and new concepts on the biomechanics of injury based on experimental and analytical studies. Publication of these papers does not constitute endorsement or agreement with their content by the reviewers, The Stapp Association, the publisher, or their members or staff. Opinions and data presented in these papers are the sole responsibility of the authors. Copyright Information Except for papers authored solely by one or more U.S. Government employee in the course of their employment, this journal and the materials contained herein are protected by copyright. For authorization to photocopy for internal, personal, or education use beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act, contact Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA USA Phone (978) Fax (978) Authorization does not extend to systematic or multiple reproduction, to copying for promotional purposes, to electronic storage or distribution, or to republication in any form. In all such cases, specific written permission from The Stapp Association must be obtained. Copyright 2004 The Stapp Association 2901 Baxter Road Ann Arbor, MI Publication Information The Stapp Car Crash Journal is a publication of The Stapp Association and is made available by the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Stapp technical papers from 1966 through 2004 are available on CD ROM in the 2004 Historical Collection Update of Stapp Technical papers. All papers contained in this journal are abstracted and indexed in the SAE Global Mobility Database. Distributed by the Society of Automotive Engineers 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA l Phone (724) , Fax (724) Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Kathleen Crockett Richards ISBN: SAE P-389 ISSN X The Stapp Car Crash Conference and the Stapp logo are registered trademarks of the John Paul Stapp Association.

3 Stapp Car Crash Journal VOLUME 48, NOVEMBER 2004 CONTENTS John Paul Stapp Memorial Lecture Biomechanics from Research to Industry Robert A. Denton Robert A. Denton, Inc. Page v TECHNICAL PAPERS Injury Tolerance and Response of the Ankle Joint in Dynamic Dorsiflexion Rodney Rudd, Jeff Crandall, Steven Millington, Shepard Hurwitz, and Niklas Höglund Lateral and Posterior Dynamic Bending of the Mid-Shaft Femur: Fracture Risk Curves for the Adult Population Eric A. Kennedy, William J. Hurst, Joel D. Stitzel, Joseph M. Cormier, Gail A. Hansen, Eric P. Smith, and Stefan M. Duma The Effect of Axial Load in the Tibia on the Response of the 90 Flexed Knee to Blunt Impacts with a Deformable Interface Eric G. Meyer, Michael T. Sinnott, Roger C. Haut, Gopal S. Jayaraman, and Walter E. Smith Below Knee Impact Responses using Cadaveric Specimens Sriram Balasubramanian, Philippe Beillas, Aditya Belwadi, Warren N. Hardy, King H. Yang, Albert I.King, and Mitsutoshi Masuda Non-Injurious and Injurious Impact Response of the Human Shoulder Three- Dimensional Analysis of Kinematics and Determination of Injury Threshold Sabine Compigne, Yves Caire, Thierry Quesnel, and Jean-Pierre Verriest Mechanical Properties of the Shoulder Ligaments Under Dynamic Loading Sung-Woo Koh, John M. Cavanaugh, James P. Leach, and Stephen W. Rouhana Upper Extremity Interaction with a Helicopter Side Airbag: Injury Criteria for Dynamic Hyperextension of the Female Elbow Joint Stefan M. Duma, Gail A. Hansen, Eric A. Kennedy, Amber L. Rath, Craig McNally, Andrew R. Kemper, Eric P. Smith, P. Gunnar Brolinson, Joel D. Stitzel, Martin B. Davis, Cameron R. Bass, Frederick T. Brozoski, B. Joseph McEntire, Nabih M. Alem, and John S. Crowley Human Neck Finite Element Model Development and Validation against Original Experimental Data F. Meyer, N. Bourdet, C. Deck, R. Willinger, and J.S. Raul A Novel Approach for Predicting Human Response from ATD Tests Zhiqing Cheng and Joseph A. Pellettiere In Vivo Measurements of Human Brain Displacement Songbai Ji, Qiliang Zhu, Lawrence Dougherty, and Susan S. Margulies Shear Properties of Brain Tissue over a Frequency Range Relevant for Automotive Impact Situations: New Experimental Results Stéphane Nicolle, Mourad Lounis, and Rémy Willinger iii

4 The Influence of Surrogate Blood Vessels on the Impact Response of a Physical Model of the Brain Yednesh Parnaik, Philippe Beillas, Constantine K. Demetropoulos, Warren N. Hardy, King H. Yang, and Albert I. King Mechanical Properties and Anthropometry of the Human Infant Head Michael T. Prange, Jason F. Luck, Alan Dibb, Chris A. Van Ee, Roger W. Nightingale, and Barry S. Myers Cervical Spine Geometry in the Automotive Seated Posture: Variations with Age, Stature, and Gender Kathleen DeSantis Klinich, Sheila M. Ebert, Chris A. Van Ee, Carol A.C. Flannagan, Monica Prasad, Matthew P. Reed, and Lawrence W. Schneider Effect of Head-Neck Position on Cervical Facet Stretch of Post Mortem Human Subjects During Low Speed Rear-End Impacts Srini Sundararajan and Priya Prasad, Constantine K. Demetropoulos, Scott Tashman, Paul C. Begeman, King H. Yang, and Albert I. King In Vivo Cervical Facet Capsule Distraction: Mechanical Implications for Whiplash and Neck Pain Kathryn E. Lee, Martin B. Davis, Roanne M. Mejilla, and Beth A. Winkelstein Variation of Neck Muscle Strength Along the Human Cervical Spine Nelson Oi, Marcus G. Pandy, Barry S. Myers, Roger W. Nightingale, and Valeta Carol Chancey Gradation of Neck Muscle Responses and Head/Neck Kinematics to Acceleration and Speed Change in Rear-End Collisions Gunter P. Siegmund, David J. Sanderson, and J. Timothy Inglis WorldSID Dummy Head-Neck Biofidelity Response Bernard Been, Mat Philippens, Ronald de Lange, and Michiel van Ratingen A Theoretical Math Model for Projecting AIS3+ Thoracic Injury for Belted Occupants in Frontal Impacts Tony R. Laituri, Donald Sullivan, Kaye Sullivan, and Priya Prasad Predictors of Pediatric Abdominal Injury Risk Kristy B. Arbogast, Irene Chen, Michael L. Nance, Dennis R. Durbin, and Flaura K. Winston Thoracic Response to Dynamic, Non-Impact Loading from a Hub, Distributed Belt, Diagonal Belt, and Double Diagonal Belts Richard Kent, David Lessley, and Chris Sherwood Call for Papers Information to Contributors 521 iv

5 CALL FOR PAPERS Information to Contributors The Stapp Advisory Committee invites abstracts of prospective papers for the Stapp Car Crash Journal and associated conference. Papers are desired on research in impact biomechanics, including human injury tolerance and related fields that advance the knowledge of land-vehicle crash injury and occupant protection. All papers accepted for publication in the Stapp Car Crash Journal are required to be presented at the annual conference. Paper offers should include the following information: 1. A tentative title that clearly reflects the objectives and content of the paper 2. Author information (name, affiliation, address, phone, fax, and ) 3. An abstract of 200 to 300 words that states the objective of the study, outlines the problem the study attempts to solve and the methodology, states explicitly the data to be included, summarizes the results and conclusions of the study. Since paper invitations are based solely on the abstract, it is important that authors provide clear, descriptive, and specific information by which the paper offer can be evaluated. Abstracts will not be reconsidered. Abstracts may be submitted at any time, but must be submitted by March 7, 2005, to be considered for volume 49 of the Stapp Car Crash Journal. Please submit abstracts and related correspondence to Leda L. Ricci, Executive Editor, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI Voice: Fax: [email protected] Authors whose abstracts are accepted will be invited to submit a complete manuscript for intensive peer review by members of the Stapp Advisory Committee. Papers must be written in an objective, scholarly, and scientific manner, and must be free of commercialism, advertisement, and product identification. All papers must be written according to conventional English usage. Authors whose first language is not English should have their manuscript edited before submission and review. Paper offers must be prepared using SI units. English units may be included in parentheses, if desired. A Stapp Author Guide will be provided to authors upon acceptance of their abstract. Manuscripts submitted for review must be accompanied by a signed author statement that the paper is based on new data and results that will not have been published elsewhere or submitted for publication elsewhere. Authors reporting on research directly involving human or animal subjects are required to provide appropriate acknowledgment that the research was approved by a properly constituted institutional review board or ethics committee. Paper offers that cannot provide this information will not be accepted for consideration. Paper offers that deal primarily with the development and/or application of mathematical models must comply with the modeling criteria of the Stapp Car Crash Journal. To meet the criteria, paper offers must include adequate validation of the model with experimental data for a range of conditions.