OFFSCA-ID. Costs and benefits of social care support for exoffenders. Learning Disabilities. Magali Barnoux. Tizard Centre

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1 Costs and benefits of social care support for exoffenders with Learning Disabilities Magali Barnoux Tizard Centre OFFSCA-ID Project lead Prof. Glynis Murphy Research team Dr Emily Blake Magali Barnoux Jenny Cooke Pak Chiu Dr Paraskevi Triantafyllopoulou Professor Jeni Beecham Dr Rachel Forrester-Jones Dr Nick Gore

2 Today s Talk Introduction: People with ID in prison OFFSCA-ID: Aims and Objectives Ethics Method Preliminary Findings Case Studies Next Steps

3 When people with ID enter prisons It has been suggested that 7% of the current prison population have learning disabilities (Mottram, 2007; Hayes et al, 2007). Difficulties in prisons: understanding information, like prison rules, how to make phone calls filling in forms for meals or to obtain visitors or see the doctor socially vulnerable to bullying, anxiety and depression, and yet are often seen as troublesome (Talbot, 2008).

4 From our experience, when people with ID leave prisons. Too able for support from CLDT Insufficient mental health needs for support from mental health teams Not sufficiently dangerous for forensic services Not eligible for social care because they do not fit the Fair Access to Care Services (FACS).

5 UK Government alert Bradley report, 2009 review to examine diversion for people with LD / mental health needs. Amongst the recommendations: Prisons should routinely screen for LD There should be a national strategy for rehabilitation of offenders with mental health needs and/or LD because of the inconsistency of support when people leave prison

6 Today s Talk Introduction: People with ID in prison OFFSCA-ID: Aims and Objectives Ethics Method Preliminary Findings Case Studies Next Steps

7 OFFSCA-ID: AIMS Does social care input, after leaving prison, affect the mood, behaviour and quality of life of ex-offenders with LD? What are the costs of social care support for these ex-offenders with LD? How does the social care input alter the outcome in terms of re-offending for the ex-offenders with LD?

8 Today s Talk Introduction: People with ID in prison OFFSCA-ID: Aims and Objectives Ethics Method Preliminary Findings Case Studies Next Steps

9 The journey of ethics Experience so far... A time (and resource) consuming process Endless amount of paperwork for local approvals Procedures vary between each organisation (NB: very confusing with the amount of NHS Trusts and prisons we were working with) NHS Trusts: Overly concerned with the recruitment target (it seems this is related to the Trust s funding and potential penalties) Time frame for R&D approval: -Local NHS Trusts took on average, 2 months to receive approval -Prison sites- time to receive approval ranged from 2 hrs to 11 months (!!) Snap-shot of our journey

10 Today s Talk Introduction: People with ID in prison OFFSCA-ID: Aims and Objectives Ethics Method Preliminary Findings Case Studies Next Steps

11 Design & Participants Planned to work with 3 prisons and associated Trusts. Actually working across 14 NHS Trusts & 24 prison establishments Men screened positive for LD are recruited when they are due to leave prison (we planned for n=130 but recruitment very difficult) Their care manager and offender manager are also invited to take part (if they have them). Interviews are held at two time points (T1- within one month of leaving prison, T2- in nine months time). Men screened positive for LD at T1 & T2 Participant s care manager and/or offender manager at T1 & T2 Interview/ assessments measuring: Social network Service utilisation Quality of Life Health & wellbeing Risky behaviours/ re-offences Interviews to: Verify the social support provided Further offences (if known) Views of their client s needs

12 Participants

13 Today s Talk Introduction: People with ID in prison OFFSCA-ID: Aims and Objectives Ethics Method Preliminary Findings Case Studies Next Steps

14 Findings so far Time 1 (T1) 30 Time 1 (T1) interviews have been completed, 20 remain. 12 lost contact before T1 T(1) T(2) Lost contact with 3 participants 1 withdrew consent. Time 2 (T2) 8 participants interviewed at T2, 18 remain. 11 participants interviewed had reoffended (36.66%) 6 had returned to prison (20%)

15 What support was on offer? Figure 1. Support Services at Time 1 14 Number of participants Probation services NHS CLDT support NHS NHS inpatient community services mental health services Voluntary support services NB: Several participants have received more than 1 support services 1 participant has absolutely no service support at T1- despite his history of offences, having been to prison a number of times, and effectively homeless when he was released on the last two occasions

16 What support was on offer? Support services received at T2 (9 months after release) n = 5 2 participants had probation services 1 was an inpatient in a medium secure unit 3 had other agency support (e.g. care managers)

17 Anecdotal findings Identifying participants Many prisons do not routinely screen for LD. If an offender does not self report a diagnosis, or has never been given a diagnosis, then they may not be identified as having LD. Prison staff resources are very stretched, and understandably they do not necessarily have the time to accommodate research Keeping track of participants Many participants are not released to a stable address. Also, when we gain consent in prison participants find it hard to recall phone numbers and addresses where they can be contacted. Requests for support Participants and their family members frequently complain about the lack of support, and express understandable frustration about their situations.

18 Anecdotal findings Knowledge of support received Many participants seem confused or unsure about the support they are receiving. Often they can not recall if they have a support worker or offender manager. Difficult to know whether this is due to memory problems or explained by the fact they rarely see these staff members, and so find it hard to remember them. Sometimes participants will say they do not have any staff, but on speaking to others we find that they do. We intend to compare the staff interviews with participant data to examine discrepancies between what participants know about their care and what care they should be receiving. The fact that participants are so unsure about their care is an interesting finding in itself.

19 Today s Talk Introduction: People with ID in prison OFFSCA-ID: Aims and Objectives Ethics Method Preliminary Findings Case Studies Next Steps

20 Case studies- No re-offending Mr Family support -Known to prison staff as a repeat offender (been to prison many times) -Support during Time 1 interview: Probation and Drugs & Alcohol service -Dad took him in and offered him a job at his workplace (full-time work) -Moved away from his social network in order to keep out of trouble -Has not re-offended since released. T2 interview is due -Identified his father as his key support. Mr Keep my head down -Experienced imprisonment many times -On this occasion he was released early to serve a 6 months licence in the community -Service input: Probation & AA support from a charity organisation -Under strict curfews and required to report to probation weekly -Probation was also helping him to prepare for employment -Daily activities as reported by the participant: stay in to keep myself out of trouble.

21 Case studies- re-offended Mr Homelessness -Been in prison a number of times -Requested for help with accommodation and mental health issues before his release -Despite his request, participant left prison with no support except for a peer support worker (voluntary organisation), who was trying to help him find accommodation -Remained homeless and reported to have been struggling with money -Arrested seven times within one month of release. Participant was recalled to prison. Mr Peers -Hostel accommodation was set up before leaving prison (no other services were offered) -Ran away from his hostel shortly after released -Continued to sofa surf at his friends -Arrested four times by the police within one month of release -Has been mugged and physically assaulted on two separate occasions -After his last arrest, police placed him with the community Risk management team (he now has to report to the team on a regular basis) -Participant his returned to his home town to live with his parents.

22 Today s Talk Introduction: People with ID in prison OFFSCA-ID: Aims and Objectives Ethics Method Preliminary Findings Case Studies Next Steps

23 Next steps We continue to recruit participants at this late stage, with the intention of collecting T1 data for these participants before the study ends in September. T1 and T2 date is still being collected. Data collected at two time points will be analysed to work out the extent of social care support and services (including the cost of support) and to see whether these are associated with rates of re-offending and quality of life.

24 Thank you for listening Magali Barnoux

How To Help A Former Offender With An Id After Leaving Prison

How To Help A Former Offender With An Id After Leaving Prison What happens to ex-offenders with LD after leaving prison? - the OFFSCA-ID project Glynis Murphy Tizard centre, UK g.h.murphy@kent.ac.uk R E S E A R C H T E A M : D R E M I L Y B L A K E M A G A L I B