Revision of VRT system to take greater account of CO2 emission levels
|
|
- Hillary Doyle
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 I note with interest from the document titled: 'Annex D - Public Consultation on options for revising the VRT system to take greater account of CO 2 emission '. That it is proposed to take vehicle CO 2 emissions into account when determining annual motor tax charges. This is indeed a welcome development. Modern engine technology has increasingly resulted in lower CO2 emissions for any given engine size. This is especially so for modern diesel engines. Some of the new compact diesel engines have emissions as low as 109g/km & lower. VRT is a regressive tax. If it did not exist there would be little motivation or rationale for it's introduction. It's a legacy tax from excise duty, which existed pre The Government of the day were unwilling to bite the bullet & phase out this tax. It is indeed unfortunate that the EU at the time didn't insist on it being phased out over a period of 3-5 years. With the low level of annual car sales in the early to mid 1990's this could have been relatively easily achieved. However with the huge growth in annual car sales since VRT revenues have risen to unprecedented, any prospect of phasing out at this stage would be more difficult to achieve. The public in general whilst not liking tax (no one does!), accept income tax. VAT, etc. VRT is a somewhat uniquely Irish anomaly with the exception of a few other European countries. It's the one tax everyone (especially the motorist) loves to "hate". Negative impacts of VRT are: Deprives the Irish motorist of the potential benefits of the single market. Irish car prices are substantially more costly than the European average. Motor importers bring lower specification cars onto the Irish market in order to keep the cost down. Lower specification includes omitting safety equipment such as additional airbags, and vehicle stability programmes. Less value for money. Incidence of used car imports (35,882 in 2005) thus depriving the established motor trade at home of potential additional business. However, given that we've got VRT at this point in time, despised as it may be, measures to encourage less polluting vehicle, & discourage more polluting
2 vehicles need to be examined. The main factors driving car purchase are: need & lifestyle. These two factors are separate, & but are not entirely unrelated. Need: At a basic level the purchase of any vehicle is driven by basic transport needs, ie: to get from A to B. After this requirements are the main deciding factor, family size, small run around, load carrying capability, etc. Lifestyle: With increasing of wealth, lifestyle is now a much greater influence on car purchase. Consequently vehicles such as SUV's, coupes, etc are now a feature on our roads. Wealthy individuals will always opt for luxury marques (BMW, Mercedes, etc.), which will always have bigger engines, with higher CO 2 emissions. Our road tax system, & VRT to a certain extent has always punitively taxed larger vehicles. It's no coincidence therefore that almost 75% of the national car fleet is 1600cc & under. In effect three quarters of the national (with the exception of older vehicles) fleet is under 170g/km (A - D bands with proposed labelling system) in terms of emissions. The challenge therefore is to encourage the purchase of more fuel-efficient vehicles in whatever category the buyer is opting for. So while luxury vehicles will always have higher emissions, buyers in that category need to be encouraged towards lower emission choices also as much as possible. The options currently proposed (Options 1 to 4) attempt to address the above issues to varying degrees. Option 1 This is just a further evolution of the existing arrangement, which strives to further encourage purchase of vehicles of under 1200c.c., & discourage those of above 2400c.c. This will have limited benefit, as vehicle choice below 1200c.c is rather limited. Vehicles in this range are very small, & will not meet the needs of a large portion of the motoring public. Above 2400c.c. higher spending individuals will be less influenced by the 5% increase in VRT, & will not necessarily opt for the next category down. The main shortfall of this option is that within each category, there's no CO 2 element. Buyers will not have incentives to opt for lower CO 2 vehicles apart from choosing a lower engine size.
3 Option 2 The disadvantage here are the anomalies which appeared between A1/B, & A2/B and A1/E & A2/E. Looking at the A2/B sector, almost all the cars in this sector are diesel which have engines which tend to be larger but have lower CO 2 emissions. Hence the reason why these vehicles fall into the 'B' emission band where most A1 vehicles are. However one could hardly justify having an Opel Corsa 1.2i with a VRT of 22.5% while its 1.7 diesel equivalent is in the 20%. Both fall within the same emission band, but due to engine size, the diesel is in the A2 band. Under the existing system, the 1.7 will have a VRT of 25%, while the 1.2 will have 22.5, just because the Corsa 1.7CTDi has a larger engine size. This anomaly arises due to the variation in CO 2 for given engine sizes. Ideally an approach which gives more regard to CO 2 than engine size would reduce the anomalies. Ultimately, a CO 2 approach only should be the desired outcome. The engine size approach is really legacy. If one were commencing from scratch today CO2 would be the starting point, not engine size. When a better understanding of the workings of CO 2 element is reached consideration needs to be given making CO 2 more predominant. Option 3 This is simpler & more straightforward than the previous option with the CO2 - c.c. matrix being less complex. The disadvantage of applying the same CO 2 range to all engine bands, is with the A3 category, the vast majority of vehicles available are above 190g/km. Conversely, the variety & choice below 190g/km & above 1900c.c. is relatively limited. Option 4 This is basically option 3 with two additional c.c. bands added. The advantages are vehicles under 1200c.c. will attract a lower VRT rate as low as 10% for CO 2 of less than 145g/km. With 1400c.c. & under benefiting from substantially reduced VRT rates (10% for <=1200c.c., & 15% for <= 1400c.c.) this will influence a much wider portion of the car buying public. The c.c. CO 2 matrix although complex relative to option3 provides the greatest link between VRT & CO 2. With the reduced VRT rate for 1200c.c. & 1400c.c. there's a wider choice of vehicles available to the discerning purchaser. This is the most attractive option.
4 1900 or 2000 Engine sizes range from under 1,000c.c. to as high as 6,000c.c. For the small/medium sector (2,000c.c. & under), the most common sizes are: 1,000c.c. 1,200c.c. 1,400c.c. 1,600c.c. & 2,000c.c. Over 2,000c.c. vehicles & engines are distinctly larger with 6 & 8 cylinder engines prevailing. Engines under 2,000c.c. are 4 cylinder only. 2,000c.c. is the 'natural' break point between small/medium, & larger cars. Historically for road tax 2,000c.c. has long being the point above much higher rates of road tax took effect. For VRT prior to 2003, the 1,900c.c. rate was in fact 2,000c.c. It was lowered to 1,900c.c. as a purely revenue raising move. It had no basis in environmental (CO 2, etc) reasoning. An example of the anomalous nature of this threshold is illustrated by taking an example: Make/Model VRT rate using Option 4. Toyota Avensis 1,595c.c. 172g/km petrol 25% Toyota Avensis 1,990c.c. 146g/km petrol 30% Ford Mondeo 1,795c.c. 182g/km petrol 25% Ford Mondeo 1,998c.c. 148g/km diesel 30% Peugeot 407 1,749c.c. 187g/km petrol 25% Peugeot 407 1,997c.c. 155g/km diesel 30% The diesel version of the Mondeo, 407 & Avensis are rated at 30% despite having lower CO 2 emissions. For the upper medium sector sized vehicle, a diesel offering with a lower CO2 is generally offered in the 1,901c.c. - 2,000c.c. range. The 1,901c.c. - 2,000c.c. range really belongs as part of the 1,401c.c. - 1,900c.c. rather than the 2,001c.c. - 2,400c.c. range. Conclusion Option 4 or 3 are the preferred options with option 4 having the clear lead on linking CO 2 to VRT. In the longer term the aim should be to move more towards a CO 2 based regime with engine size playing a diminishing role. The current 1,901c.c. threshold is more appropriately set at 2,000c.c. in order that purchasers of the upper medium vehicle size can avail of low CO2 diesel engines at favourable VRT rates.
5 Is the intention here to change vehicle purchasing behaviour, or just as another source of revenue? The Irish Revenue is notorious for using the motorist as a source of revenue. Whilst all governments do to a certain extent, with high VRT, & higher average annual road tax than elsewhere the Irish motorist is subject to much higher of taxation than elsewhere. Reluctance to 'risk' this revenue stream, & take an innovative approach, will inevitably minimise the potential impact of any CO2 initiative on the car buying publics behaviour when choosing vehicles. Arthur McGuinness Drogheda Co. Louth.
Fuel Emissions from the Car Fleet
Transport Research & Information Note Fuel Emissions from the Car Fleet February 2011 Transportation Research & Information Notes Fuel Emissions from the Car Fleet February 2011 This document is available
More informationTHE TAXATION OF COMPANY CARS. Calculating the cash equivalent
THE TAXATION OF COMPANY CARS Company cars remain a popular employment-related benefit despite the fact that income tax charges on them are generally high. The benefit of having a company car available
More informationFleet Selection Detailed Guide
Fleet Selection Detailed Guide Version Control No Date Comment 1 December 2009 Original version 2 May 2010 Minor word changes Fleet Selection Detailed Guide Page 1 of 8 THE FLEET DECISION Introduction
More informationBudget 2014 Its impact on your fleet
Budget 2014 Its impact on your fleet This year s Budget, presented by the Chancellor on Wednesday 19 March 2014, was a Budget for building a resilient economy, with the objective of supporting businesses
More informationSUBMISSION FROM AA IRELAND ON THE COMBINED SUBJECTS OF: Motor Tax Rebalancing to take account of CO2 Emissions
March 2007 SUBMISSION FROM AA IRELAND ON THE COMBINED SUBJECTS OF: Motor Tax Rebalancing to take account of CO2 & Changes to Vehicle Registration Tax to take account of CO2 AA Ireland is the country s
More informationcarbon footprinting a guide for fleet managers
carbon footprinting a guide for fleet managers Introduction For some organisations, carbon footprinting is perceived to be about reducing emissions purely for environmental reasons. But it is primarily
More informationIntroduction. How company cars are taxed. Calculating the cash equivalent
Introduction Company cars remain a popular employment-related benefit despite the generally high income tax charges on them. The tax charge on company cars cars provided to employees by their employers
More informationReduce your fleet costs in nine simple steps
Reduce your fleet costs in nine simple steps 75% of fleets expect their costs to rise in 2010. 1 Running a cost efficient fleet is therefore more important than ever in order to keep your expenditure under
More informationEarn Money By Taxing Your Employer A Car
Cars for Employees The current regime for taxing employer provided cars (commonly referred to as company cars) is intended: to encourage manufacturers to produce cars which are more environmentally friendly
More informationThe current regime for taxing employer provided cars (commonly referred to as company cars) is intended:
Cars for Employees The current regime for taxing employer provided cars (commonly referred to as company cars) is intended: to encourage manufacturers to produce cars which are more environmentally friendly
More informationVehicle Registration Tax
Vehicle Registration Tax TSG 06/16b 1. Vehicle Registration Tax (VRT) is an important source of revenue for the Exchequer, providing 2.9% of the total net tax receipts for 2005. It is therefore a valuable
More informationPocket Car Tax Guide 2012/13. www.deloitte.co.uk/carconsulting
Pocket Car Tax Guide 2012/13 www.deloitte.co.uk/carconsulting Income Tax Rates 2012/13 2011/12 Rate Band Band % 20 0 34,370 0 35,000 40 34,371 150,000 35,001 150,000 50 150,001+ 150,001+ Personal Allowances
More informationRenault continues to lead volume brands as new car CO 2 emissions fall across Europe
PRESS RELEASE 00:01 GMT, 3 rd March 2015 Renault continues to lead volume brands as new car CO 2 emissions fall across Europe Renault claims lowest average CO 2 emissions among volume brands in Europe
More informationWORKSHOP ON GLOBAL FUEL ECONOMY INITIATIVE TOPIC: MOTOR VEHICLES RELATED TAXES
WORKSHOP ON GLOBAL FUEL ECONOMY INITIATIVE TOPIC: MOTOR VEHICLES RELATED TAXES BY Mahen Bheekhee Lead Analyst Ministry of Finance and Economic Development July 2013 POLICY OBJECTIVES FOR IMPOSING TAXES
More informationCompany Car Tax 2014/2015
Company Car Tax 2014/2015 Produced for Zenith by Income Tax Rates 2014/15 2013/14 Rate Band Band % 20 0 31,865 0 32,010 40 31,866 150,000 32,011 150,000 45 150,000+ 150,000+ Personal Allowances 2014/15
More informationCar CO2 taxation and it s impact on the British car fleet
Car CO2 taxation and it s impact on the British car fleet Ministry of Industry and Information Technology International Council on Clean Transportation Vehicle Fuel Consumption Regulation and Fiscal Policy
More informationTesting and Assessment Protocol Release 2.0. Programme Manager Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Sonja Schmidt ADAC Technik Zentrum
Testing and Assessment Protocol Release 2.0 Programme Manager Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Sonja Schmidt ADAC Technik Zentrum Contents 1 Introduction... 3 2 Testing Protocol... 3 2.1 New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)...
More informationFleet Alliance is a leading UK fleet management provider offering contract hire, leasing and a complete range of fleet solutions products.
The all-round fleet solution Fleet Audit CONSULTANCY Funding Products Green Fleet & Whole Life Cost Competitive Tendering Flexi Hire Fleet Management & Support Accident Management FLEET SOLUTIONS Driver
More informationFlorentin AQUENIN Pauline BOUVIER Estelle BUCAILLE Edouard GIBERT Manon LEMIRE
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still
More informationEffective Fuel Management. How to minimise fuel spend - both now, and in the future. WHITE PAPER
Effective Fuel Management How to minimise fuel spend - both now, and in the future. WHITE PAPER Table of contents 2. Executive summary 3. Establishing a fuel policy 3. Choosing the right cars for your
More informationHow To Tax Company Cars In The Uk
Taxation of Company Cars Workshop An evaluation of the UK s shift to CO 2 based Company Car Taxation Stephen Potter Professor of Transport Strategy and member of the UK Green Fiscal Commission Context
More informationIncome tax: company car tax rates 2016-17
Income tax: company car tax rates 2016-17 Who is likely to be affected? Businesses and employers where company cars are made available for private use. General description of the measure For 2016-17, the
More informationReducing CO2 Emissions from New Cars: A Study of Major Car Manufacturers' Progress in 2006. November 2007
Reducing CO2 Emissions from New Cars: A Study of Major Car Manufacturers' Progress in 2006 November 2007 1 Reducing CO2 Emissions from New Cars: A Study of Major Car Manufacturers' Progress in 2006 November
More informationDriving Tax Savings. How to make company cars less taxing for your clients
Driving Tax Savings How to make company cars less taxing for your clients introduction emissions have become a critical part of the choice process when selecting vehicles for use on business. Not only
More informationFleet Funding and Company Car Taxation
LeasePlan Consultancy Services Fleet Funding and Company Car Taxation Your Guide for 2015 Produced in association with Company Car Taxation Your Guide Disclaimer This publication is intended to provide
More informationCompany Car Taxation 2014 Your Guide. Produced in association with
Company Car Taxation 2014 Your Guide Produced in association with Company Car Taxation Your Guide Disclaimer This publication is intended to provide general information and is not an exhaustive treatment
More informationCompany Car tax. 2013/2014. IncludIng details of the 2013 emissions-based reforms, VehIcle excise duty and national Insurance.
Company Car tax. 2013/2014. IncludIng details of the 2013 emissions-based reforms, VehIcle excise duty and national Insurance. Whilst we have made every effort to ensure the information in this document
More informationTHE PETROL TAX DEBATE
THE PETROL TAX DEBATE Zoë Smith THE INSTITUTE FOR FISCAL STUDIES Briefing Note No. 8 Published by The Institute for Fiscal Studies 7 Ridgmount Street London WC1E 7AE Tel 2 7291 48 Fax 2 7323 478 mailbox@ifs.org.uk
More informationCapital allowances for business cars
Capital allowances for business cars Who is likely to be affected? Any business that buys or leases cars. General description of the measure The 100 per cent first-year allowance (FYA) for expenditure
More informationExhaust emissions from vehicles with Euro 6/VI technology
Summary: Exhaust emissions from vehicles with Euro 6/VI technology TØI Report 1259/2013 Authors: Rolf Hagman and Astrid H. Amundsen Oslo 2013, 46 pages Norwegian language In several major Norwegian cities
More informationSkatteudvalget 2013-14 SAU Alm.del Bilag 11 Offentligt. Vehicle taxes in the. 23 September 2013
Skatteudvalget 2013-14 SAU Alm.del Bilag 11 Offentligt Vehicle taxes in the Netherlands Contents Green tax revenues Vehicle taxes Recent developments Eurovignette Fuel excise duties Environmental tax revenues
More informationThere can be a benefit on: a) A car that is provided for private use (however incidental the private use is); and/or
Registered in England Registered Number: 04744238 Registered Address: 62 The Street, Ashtead, Surrey, KT21 1AT Registered with the Chartered Institute of Taxation as a firm of Chartered Tax Advisers Car
More informationCAFÉ FOR NEW CARS IN MEXICO? Dr. David Bonilla Senior Research Fellow TSU/JM-Institute for Carbon & Reduction in Transport 28 text; 36-44 title
CAFÉ FOR NEW CARS IN MEXICO? Dr. David Bonilla Senior Research Fellow TSU/JM-Institute for Carbon & Reduction in Transport 28 text; 36-44 title Outline Why CAFÉ? Why: Policy evolution, Transport-energy
More informationCost of Preferred (or more likely) Option Net cost to business per year (EANCB on 2009 prices) 0m N/A N/A No N/A
Dismissal of personal injury claims involving fundamental dishonesty IA No: MoJ 021/2014 Lead department or agency: Ministry of Justice Other departments or agencies: Impact Assessment (IA) Date: 6 June
More informationIncluding details of the 2015 emissions-based changes, Vehicle Excise Duty and fuel allowances.
BMW Fleet & Business Sales bmwcorporate.co.uk The Ultimate Driving Machine Company Car tax. 2015/2016. Including details of the 2015 emissions-based changes, Vehicle Excise Duty and fuel allowances. Whille
More informationVehicle and fuel technology - now and in the future
Vehicle and fuel technology - now and in the future Cheltenham Low Carbon Partnership Cheltenham Borough Council 11 th May 2010 Jonathan Murray Deputy Director, Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership Low Carbon
More informationTax benefits for ultra low emission vehicles
k0 Tax benefits for ultra low emission vehicles Ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs) are vehicles that produce less than 75g of carbon dioxide (CO2) for every kilometre travelled. Both private and business
More informationAustralian Automobile Association. Submission to: Light vehicle CO2 emission standards for Australia. Key Issues Discussion Paper
Constituent Members: Australian Automobile Association Submission to: Light vehicle CO2 emission standards for Australia Key Issues Discussion Paper December 2011 The Australian Automobile Association
More informationA Guide to Buying a Car or Van
A Guide to Buying a Car or Van In this guide, aimed at companies and fleets, we list the important factors to take into account when specifying the vehicle you need for the job. Checklists are included
More informationHow Clean is Your Car Brand?
How Clean is Your Car Brand? The car industry's commitment to the EU to reduce CO 2 emissions: a brand-by-brand progress report October 2006 How Clean is Your Car Brand? The car industry's commitment to
More informationGE Capital. Cash or Car? Choosing what s best for me
GE Capital Cash or Car? Choosing what s best for me Making the right decision for you Wondering whether you should choose a Company Car or take a Cash Allowance in lieu of a Company Car? Is it time to
More informationHelping you make the right choices.
White Paper Helping you make the right choices. Advice and guidance on fuel strategy. In these tough economic times, cost control has risen to the top of the agenda for companies of all sizes, across all
More informationLow Carbon Vehicles Fleet Buy-in Factors
PCWG-P-03-21 Low Carbon Vehicles Fleet Buy-in Factors Paper to LowCVP on Promoting Low Carbon Vehicles to the UK Fleet community prepared on behalf of ACFO (representing the demand side of the market)
More informationHow To Tax A Car In The Uk
Company car tax reform in the UK A Summary 9 October 2009 Carolina Valsecchi (IEEP) www.ieep.eu Index Policy before and policy after Impacts of reform Unintended impacts of reform Main drivers of reform
More informationEXECUTIVE 30 JULY 2012 DISCOUNTS FOR LOW EMISSION VEHICLES RESIDENT PARKING PERMITS AND OFF-STREET SEASON TICKETS
Item. 5 EXECUTIVE 30 JULY 2012 SUBJECT: REPORT BY: LEAD OFFICER: DISCOUNTS FOR LOW EMISSION VEHICLES RESIDENT PARKING PERMITS AND OFF-STREET SEASON TICKETS JOHN BIBBY DIRECTOR OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY
More informationThinking of switching to an electric vehicle?
What is Travel SMART? Travel SMART is an initiative from Surrey County Council that aims to help Surrey residents and businesses reduce carbon, calories and cost. The Travel SMART team want to encourage
More informationKey Solutions Thought Leadership
GE Capital Fleet Services Company Car Trends Your essential guide to the latest developments in the fleet industry Key Solutions Thought Leadership Welcome Every quarter since 2004, GE Capital, Fleet Services
More informationIncluding details of the 2014 emissions-based changes, Vehicle Excise Duty and fuel allowances.
BMW Corporate Sales bmwcorporate.co.uk The Ultimate Driving Machine Company Car tax. 2014/2015. Including details of the 2014 emissions-based changes, Vehicle Excise Duty and fuel allowances. Whille we
More informationProperty Tax. 3. An alternative Building Energy Rating (BER) based Property Tax Proposal.
Property Tax Problem Statement : Find an equitable way of applying a Property Tax that is both palatable to the homeowner and cost efficient in terms of administration costs. This document will look at:
More informationKey Solutions CO₂ assessment
GE Capital Key Solutions CO₂ assessment CO₂ emissions from company car fleets across Europe s major markets between 2008 and 2010 www.gecapital.eu/fleet Contents Introduction and key findings Reduction
More informationREGISTRATION TAX AND ANNUAL CIRCULATION TAX GUIDELINES
REGISTRATION TAX AND ANNUAL CIRCULATION TAX GUIDELINES Effective as of 1 st January 2009 VERSION 2.0 (4 th November 2008) These guidelines are intended to provide information on the changes in the registration
More informationBUSINESSES AND DRIVERS COUNT THE CARBON TO CUT TAX AND FUEL BILLS REVEALS ALD AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY CAR ANALYSIS
8 May 2008 BUSINESSES AND DRIVERS COUNT THE CARBON TO CUT TAX AND FUEL BILLS REVEALS ALD AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY CAR ANALYSIS Fleets and company car drivers are increasingly turning to low emission vehicles
More informationGE Capital Solutions. Driver guide. What s Best for Me?
GE Capital Solutions Driver guide What s Best for Me? Welcome When it comes to choosing your car, choosing what s best for you, can often be complex and based on numerous factors including lifestyle, vehicle
More informationA fuel efficient vehicle fleet for Victoria WHAT THE VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT CAN DO
A fuel efficient vehicle fleet for Victoria WHAT THE VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT CAN DO 2 I A FUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLE FLEET FOR VICTORIA I WHAT THE VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT CAN DO Executive Summary Key Points The
More informationOVERVIEW OF PURCHASE AND TAX INCENTIVES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN THE EU
01.04.2014 OVERVIEW OF PURCHASE AND TAX INCENTIVES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN THE EU This table provides an overview of the incentives that are granted in the Member States of the European Union for the
More informationcompany cars: a guide for drivers
company cars: a guide for drivers Contents Introduction 03 The basics 04 Beyond the basics 06 Private fuel costs 07 Vehicle specification 09 Conclusion and action plan 10 Next steps: resources 11 02 Introduction
More informationLEASE CAR POLICY AND PROCEDURE
LEASE CAR POLICY AND PROCEDURE Lease Car Policy & Procedure Page: Page 1 of 16 Recommended by Approved by Executive Management Team Board of Directors Approval date 4 May 2011 Version number 1.4 Review
More information2015 BUDGET REPORT. arval.co.uk
2015 BUDGET REPORT arval.co.uk Contents Company Car Tax Company Car Benefit-In- Kind Bandings Roads Crossings Vehicle Tax Vehicle Excise Duty Fuel Benefit Charge Van Benefit Charge Autonomous Car Funding
More informationReducing CO2 emissions from cars and vans. Backgrounder
Reducing CO2 emissions from cars and vans Backgrounder May 2015 SUMMARY a. The automobile industry in Europe has invested heavily in innovations designed to bring down significantly the CO2 emissions from
More informationBudget 2012. J. O Haire, C. O Sullivan, L. Devenney, J. Burgess Page 1
Budget 2012 J. O Haire, C. O Sullivan, L. Devenney, J. Burgess Page 1 Phoenix Rising We, as citizens of the State, believe that our budget should deliver a set of proposals and initiatives, which will
More informationAssessment of Whiplash Protection in Rear Impacts. Crash Tests and Real-life Crashes
Assessment of Whiplash Protection in Rear Impacts Crash Tests and Real-life Crashes Maria Krafft, Anders Kullgren Folksam Anders Lie, Claes Tingvall Swedish National Road Administration June 24 Summary
More informationLeaseurope Position on the Evaluation Report on the Operation of the Automotive Block Exemption Regulation (EC No 1400/2002)
Leaseurope Position on the Evaluation Report on the Operation of the Automotive Block Exemption Regulation (EC No 1400/2002) Leaseurope AISBL 267, Av. de Tervuren, B 1150 Bruxelles Tel. +32/2/778 05 60,
More informationVehicle fuel efficiency standards for Australia WHY, WHAT AND WHEN?
Vehicle fuel efficiency standards for Australia WHY, WHAT AND WHEN? 2 I VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARDS FOR AUSTRALIA I WHY, WHAT AND WHEN? Executive Summary Key Points Transport is the second largest
More informationConsulting Consulting. Impact of government subsidies for electric vehicles on used market values
Impact of government subsidies for electric vehicles on used market values 1 Introduction To encourage the take up of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) and ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs), many governments
More informationCAR DEALERSHIPS. A beginner s guide. Getting the most out of radio advertising. Targeting. Total sales
A beginner s guide 30 40 50 10 20 Targeting 60 70 0 Total sales 80 1) Business background How car dealers make money. Not surprisingly, principally by selling cars. However, selling finance is also an
More informationPayment For Using Your Car As a Work
NEW MILEAGE ALLOWANCES Joint Staff Side Briefing June 2013 NHS Agenda for Change (AFC) mileage allowance information This joint staff side briefing has been drawn up as a guide for members and representatives
More informationPassenger Car Sales 2014
January 07, 2015 PRESS REVIEW Passenger Car and Light Commercial Vehicle Market showed a decrease of 10% in 2014. Passenger Car Market Decreased 11.6%, Light Commercial Vehicle Market Decreased 4.4%. Turkish
More informationANNEX C. Revision to VRT and Motor Tax Rates and Related Issues
ANNEX C Revision to VRT and Motor Tax Rates and Related Issues An announcement was made in the 2012 Budget of a public consultation process to review the structure and rates of VRT and Motor Tax in line
More informationTHE EIGHT LEVERS OF OPTIMISATION HOW TO DRIVE DOWN YOUR WHOLE LIFE COST
THE EIGHT LEVERS OF OPTIMISATION HOW TO DRIVE DOWN YOUR WHOLE LIFE COST INTRODUCTION Running a fleet of vehicles is one of the biggest costs in your entire company. So any improvement in how you finance
More informationThe Audi Guide to controlling costs How to streamline your fleet for efficiency
The Audi Guide to controlling costs How to streamline your fleet for efficiency Audi Fleet supports Business July 2012 Making the most of every penny spent is vital for most fleets, and for many businesses
More informationBriefing. Manipulation of Fuel Economy Test Results by Carmakers: New Evidence and Solutions. May 2013
May 2013 Briefing Manipulation of Fuel Economy Test Results by Carmakers: New Evidence and Solutions Context and summary Car buyers deserve reliable fuel consumption data as the less fuel is consumed,
More informationFiat Group Automobiles for Sustainable Mobility
Fiat Group Automobiles for Sustainable Mobility Bengt Appelqvist Novembre 2009 Fiat Group Automobiles for sustainable mobility Fiat Group Automobiles considers sustainable mobility as one of its priorities,
More informationAn Evaluation of the Size, Nature and Sustainability of the Irish Car Dealer Network
An Evaluation of the Size, Nature and Sustainability of the Irish Car Dealer Network RESEARCH PAPER ~ 14 Prepared by: GAMMA Ltd 4 Inns Court, Winetavern Street, Dublin 8 www.gamma.ie Ph: +353-1-7079888
More informationCompany Car Tax 2011/12
Company Car Tax 2011/12 Details of new company car tax bandings, changes to VED rates, fuel benefit charge and AMAPs, plus the fair fuel stabiliser Produced in association with Vehicle Excise Duty (Ved)
More informationPolicy support tool: Methodology and manual
Policy support tool: Methodology and manual Report Status: Final Report Date: October 2008 Disclaimer THIS DOCUMENT IS THE RESULT OF A COLLABORATIVE WORK BETWEEN HYLIGHTS INDUSTRY AND INSTITUTE PARTNERS.
More informationGE Capital. The State of Car Policies in Europe and Key Fleet Challenges. 2013-2014 Edition
GE Capital The State of Car Policies in Europe and Key Fleet Challenges 2013-2014 Edition Foreword 2014 is upon us and with the New Year comes a sense of optimism. Broad economic data suggests that Europe
More informationFairer schools funding. Arrangements for 2015 to 2016
Fairer schools funding Arrangements for 2015 to 2016 July 2014 Contents Introduction 3 Chapter 1 Fairer funding for schools 5 Chapter 2 Long-term reform of high needs and early years funding 10 Chapter
More informationFlexi Hire. Accident. Management. Fleet. Insurance
CONSULTANCY The all-round fleet solution Funding Products Green Fleet & Whole Life Cost Fleet Audit Competitive Tendering Fleet Management & Support Flexi Hire Accident Management FLE Fleet Insurance E
More informationThe Determinants of Used Rental Car Prices
Sung Jin Cho / Journal of Economic Research 10 (2005) 277 304 277 The Determinants of Used Rental Car Prices Sung Jin Cho 1 Hanyang University Received 23 August 2005; accepted 18 October 2005 Abstract
More informationSalary Sacrifice. A tax-efficient and cost-saving green fleet solution.
Salary Sacrifice. Salary Sacrifice. A tax-efficient and cost-saving green fleet solution. Alphabet Salary Sacrifice. Satisfaction guaranteed for you and your employees. Salary Sacrifice is the perfect
More informationAccountable Director Executive Director of Resources (Deputy Chief Executive) Financial Planning Accountant
Policy Number HR15 Policy Title LEASE CAR POLICY Accountable Director Executive Director of Resources (Deputy Chief Executive) Author Financial Planning Accountant This Policy is a valid document however;
More informationFrequently Asked Questions.
Frequently Asked Questions. Introduction to TCH Salsa We are introducing a unique benefit to our employees which allows you to sacrifice an element of your salary for a leased car, taking advantage of
More information5 Taxes on consumption
5 Taxes on consumption The federal government applies a number of different indirect taxes, primarily targeted at consumers, including sales taxes, excise duties and import tariffs. 35 Taxes on consumption
More informationDESIGNING AN EMISSIONS STANDARD FOR AUSTRALIA
55 DESIGNING AN EMISSIONS STANDARD FOR AUSTRALIA 5 The Authority proposes a standard that would apply from 2018 and be designed with a simple set of features to promote environmental effectiveness, policy
More informationP t ower rain 2020 Electric Vehicles Voice of the Customer Munich, 2010
Powertrain 2020 Electric Vehicles Voice of the Customer Munich, 2010 Contents Page A. Background Scarce resources and global regulations drive the 4 electrification of the powertrain B. Some good news
More informationBest Practice Procurement Guidance. Rachel Field and Chris Coyle, Coventry City Council
Best Practice Procurement Guidance Rachel Field and Chris Coyle, Coventry City Council COVENTRY CITY COUNCIL Local Fleet Perspective on Carbon Reduction from Road Transport Chris Coyle - Fleet & Integrated
More informationlargemortgageloans.com Bespoke Mortgage Services
largemortgageloans.com Bespoke Mortgage Services WELCOME TO OUR BESPOKE MORTGAGE SERVICES largemortgageloans.com If you are looking for a large mortgage to fund a residential or commercial property purchase
More informationTHE GREAT IGNORED 43% 182 million. The premium path to purchase. Understanding the premium mindset. What this means for advertisers
43% Is your marketing strategy ignoring of online consumers buy...and 33% half premium products... 182 million use the internet to research of them?...or people... THE GREAT IGNORED how demographic targeting
More informationACC levy consultation 2015/16
ACC levy consultation 2015/16 NZAA submission The New Zealand Automobile Association Incorporated 342-352 Lambton Quay PO Box 1 Wellington 6140 NEW ZEALAND 17 June 2014 17 June 2014 Levy Consultation ACC
More informationPart 6 Green Fleet Issues A Fleet Managers Guide
Introduction This section of the Volkswagen Fleet Managers Guide looks at the whole environmental area of the fleet manager s job. There can be no doubt that this is absolutely central to the successful
More informationDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH FIXED RECOVERABLE COSTS PROPOSALS FOR CLINICAL NEGLIGENCE: Implications for patients access to justice and for patient safety
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH FIXED RECOVERABLE COSTS PROPOSALS FOR CLINICAL NEGLIGENCE: Implications for patients access to justice and for patient safety Briefing by Action against Medical Accidents (AvMA) October
More informationTHE BMW GROUP GUIDE TO FLEET FUNDING.
THE BMW GROUP GUIDE TO FLEET FUNDING. The way vehicles are funded in a fleet context varies widely and there are two main methods for acquiring vehicles for your fleet: Outright purchase over a fixed period
More informationToyota Finance for Business
Toyota Finance for Business Welcome 2 Why choose Toyota Financial Services? 3 1 Toyota Contract Hire 4 AccessToyota 7 Other financial products 9 Protecting your car 12 Personal Tax for Company Car Drivers
More informationCar benefits and car fuel benefits
Helpsheet 203 Tax year 6 April 2013 to 5 April 2014 Car benefits and car fuel benefits A Contacts Please phone: the number printed on page TR 1 of your tax return the SA Helpline on 0300 200 3310 the SA
More informationFlexible Rental and Short Term Leasing from Concept
Flexible Rental and Short Term Leasing from Concept Flexibility is crucial when running a business. You need to know that you have a trusted fleet management partner, who will be on hand to provide a quick
More informationBrazil s Developing Automotive Fuel Economy Policy 1.1 Background
Brazil s Developing Automotive Fuel Economy Policy 1.1 Background Brazil s heavy use of flex fuel vehicles and production of ethanol make it both a regional and global frontrunner in cleaner fuels and
More informationGCE. Economics. Mark Scheme for June 2010. Advanced GCE F581 Markets in Action. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
GCE Economics Advanced GCE F581 Markets in Action Mark Scheme for June 2010 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of
More informationA Guide to Electric Vehicles
A Guide to Electric Vehicles For commercial fleets, electric and hybrid electric vehicles offer reduced fuel, emission and operating costs. This guide provides a summary for Fleet Owners and Operators
More information2015 Tax Brochure Company Cars
2015 Tax Brochure Company Cars Foreword This brochure describes the latest situation regarding tax on company cars. By company cars we mean passenger cars, dual-purpose vehicles and minibuses. A light
More information