Development methodology

Transcription

1 Development methodology Jens Bathelt Objectives Development guidelines V-Model Development process for machines Tasks for the control and the mechanical engineer Deepening the concept phase Initiating the embodiment design phase Preparation for the case

2 Control Simulation 3D Visualization Actors Control Basic System Sensors Focus in this teaching modul requirements product system design assurance of properties system integration domain-specific design Information Technology Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering requirements product modeling and model analysis system design assurance of properties system integration domain-specific design programming E-CAD M-CAD modeling and model analysis Why guidelines? Help for non-experienced users How to proceed What to do, to reach the goal Who is involved Common view in a company Clarification of the interfaces between departments Milestones can be placed

3 VDI-2221 (1985) guideline for mechanical engineers Innovationsprojekt! Arbeitspakete Arbeitsergebnisse Phasen Aufgabe Iteratives Vor- oder Zurückspringen zu einem oder mehreren Arbeitsabschnitten Klären und präzisieren der Aufgabenstellung Ermitteln von Funktionen und deren Strukturen Suchen nach Lösungsprinzipien/Strukturen Gliedern in realisierbare Module Gestalten der massgebenden Module Gestalten des gesamten Produkts Ausarbeiten der Ausführungs/Nutzungsangaben Anforderungsliste Funktionsstrukturen Prinziplösungen Modulare Strukturen Vorentwürfe Gesamtentwurf Dokumentation Erfüllen und Anpassen der Anforderungen Aufarbeiten der Aufgabenstellung Konzeptphase Entwurfsphase Ausarbeitungsphase Weitere Realisierung VDI-2221 (1985) guideline for mechanical engineers, English Stages Results Phases Task Iterate forwards and backwards between the stages Clarify and define the task Determine functions and their structure Search solution principles and their combinations Divide into realisable moduls Develop layout of key modules Complete overall layout Prepare production and operation instructions Specification Function structures Principle solutions Module structures Premilinary layout Definitive layouts Product documents Fullfill and adapt requirements clarification of the task conceptual design embodiment design detail design Further realisation

4 The software development process: V-Model A German standard for the development of IT-systems (EStdIT) Used in the public sector in Germany A process model which is supporting the ISO V-Modell ist eine geschützte Marke der Bundesrepublik Deutschland VDI-2422 (1994) first guideline in mechatronics Old programming languages Intended for mechatronic systems controlled by a microcontroler circuit layout No interdisciplinary linkage during the embodiment design phase Aufgabenstellung Aufgabe Gerätekonzept Konzept Software Entwurf Schaltung Entwurf Elektromechan. Entwurf Entwurf Software Ausarbeitung Schaltung Ausarbeitung Elektromechan. Ausarbeitung Ausarbeitung Erprobung Gerät Erprobung

5 VDI-2206 (2004) The new guideline in mechatronics Micro-level: problem solving in general Macro-level: V-Model Pre-defined process-modules for recurring design steps VDI-2206: Micro-level (problem solving)

6 VDI-2206: Macro-level (V-model) requirements product system design assurance of properties system integration domain-specific design mechanical engineering electrical engineering information technology modeling and model analysis VDI-2206: Multiple Macro-loops

7 VDI-2206: Open for pre-defined process-modules Here for instance for the concept-phase according to VDI-2221 Problems for industry adapting existing methods and guidelines Rare software support for the concept phase VDI 2221: only mechanics VDI 2422: quite old, old software background VDI 2422 and VDI 2206: How to get from the requirements to the system design. How to get from the concept to the embodiment design. Decision for the proper discipline Interdisciplinary exchange during the embodiment design phase VDI 2206: very general

8 Focus: Developing machines Machine tools (Werkzeugmaschinen): NC/PLC Production machines (Produktionsmaschinen): PLC NC/PLC Control Control Actors Sensors Electromechanical borderline Basic System Mechanics Material Energy Information The V-model for the development of machines Requirements Machine Embodiment design Control Mechanics Conceptual design Assurance of properties Systemintegration Control Mechanics Modellbildung und -analyse Conceptual design

9 Problem Workflow today mechanics control Concept phase Embodiment design phase Motivation Control Aimed workflow Data Mechanics Concept phase Embodiment design phase

10 Software development at the machine developer Machine user, NC code Source code Machine user, Product Machine developer, Product Machine developer, Control Production machine PLC Machine tool NC/PLC Machine developer, Source code PLC code Embodiment design phase Concept phase Embodiment design phase Virtual initial operation (Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme)

11 Virtual Prototype Concept phase Embodiment design phase Virtual initial operation (Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme) Concept phase Concept phase Embodiment design phase Virtual initial operation (Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme)

12 Function structure (FS) - repetition Function box Sequence Hierarchy Three flows: EMI Energy Material Information Main function 1 Main function 2 Overall function Main function 1 Sub function 1.1 Sub function 1.2 Main function 2 Daniel Politze, Daimler: thinking in functions, not in components Traditionally: Substantive + verb, like transport material (German: Material transportieren) The Extended Function Structure (EFS) Function structure Hierarchy Material, Energy and Information flows Transition conditions (Übergangsbedingungen) Actor/Sensor definitions Definition of the Input and Output variables -> I/O list

13 RIETER textile: comber machine (Kämmmaschine) - EFS EFS relationships

14 EFS assembly tree Concept phase Embodiment design phase Virtual initial operation (Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme) FS assembly tree (Baugruppenhierarchie, BGH) 1. Function Module (generally) 2. Heuristic rules Potential Modules 1. Dominant flow 2. Branching flow 3. Conversion-Transmission Otto, K. N., A Process for Modularizing Product Families, ICED01 International Conference on Engineering Design, Glasgow, 2001

15 Example: Comber from RIETER Ansetzeinheit Antriebskopf Längsteil Auslauf EFS: Extended function structure SFC Start Maschine starten Kanne nicht voll & Wickel nicht leer Volle Wickel (IN) Anlage antreiben Erot Vliese bereitstellen Vliesreste (OUT) Leere Wickel (OUT) Arbeitskanne voll Arbeitskanne leer Vliese Volle Kanne (OUT) Leere Kanne (IN) Kanne bereitstellen Erot Erot Vliese von Kurzfasern trennen Kurzfasern(OUT) Gestrecktes Band Bänder Band transportieren Erot Erot Bänder transportieren Gestrecktes Band Bänder Band strecken Erot Doubliertes Band Bänder doublieren

16 CAD-Modules EFS without information flows EFS without pure SWfunctions Conversiontransmission nach Stone Antriebskopf Auslauf Ansetzeinheit Längsteil Lecture: structuring & configuring products More about product modules,..: L Produktstrukturierung und konfiguration L. Bongulielmi, R. Y. Siegwart, P. Henseler

17 EFS as an interdisciplinary linkage back bone Concept phase Embodiment design phase Virtual initial operation (Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme) Change management Control Hardware Sequence Input- und Output Variables.. PLC programming environment EFS Assembly Hierarchy Solid Models Actors and Sensors.. CAD

18 UML diagram for the important entities in change management Gesamtbaugruppe 1 Gesamtfunktion 1 0..* Hauptbaugruppe * Hauptfunktion 0..* * 0..1 Baugruppe Funktion 1 0..* Einzelteil Elementarfunktion Aktorfunktion 1..* * Aktor Outputvariable 1 1..* 1 1..* 0..1 aktoreigene Sensorik 0..* Sensor Inputvariable 1 1..* 1..* 1..* 1..* Übergangsbedingung 1..* 1 Schritt Aktion 1 vor 1 1..* 1 nach Transitionsbedingung 1 Assembly tree EFS SFC PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) in mechatronics Later in this lecture: Mechatronic data management Software engineers Electrical engineers Not yet fully realized Christian Bacs

19 EFS SFC Concept phase Embodiment design phase Virtual initial operation (Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme) EFS SFC SFC: only information flow matters Actuators: Conversion from Information to Energy [Some of the (leaf) functions in the function structure] Sensors: Conversion from Energy to Information [Watch out for the transition conditions in the EFS] Control Control Actors Sensors Electromechanical borderline Basic System Mechanics Material Energy Information

20 Can squeezer (Dosenpresse): FS with Transition conditions Information can Energy Receive can Material Transitioncondition can Press can Can received Function Herbert Lindau GmbH Squeezed can Can squeezed Receive squeezed can Can squeezer: Derivation of the SFC can Receive can can Can received Press can Squeezed can Can squeezed Receive squeezed can

21 Objectives Development guidelines V-Model Development process for machines Tasks for the control and the mechanical engineer Deepening the concept phase Initiating the embodiment design phase Preparation for the case EFS-tool ELVAN for the case, based on MS-Visio ELVAN

22 ELVAN - GUI EFS-tool ELVAN for the case, based on MS-Visio Case in the visdome Teams consisting of two students Every team member should simulate his knowledge-background: Mechanics PLC programmer ELVAN