Evaluation of Correlation between Within-Barn Curing Environment and TSNA Accumulation in Dark Air-Cured Tobacco

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1 Evaluation of Correlation between Within-Barn Curing Environment and TSNA Accumulation in Dark Air-Cured Tobacco Preliminary Study Grant Report CORESTA TSNA Sub-Group M.D. Richmond, W.A. Bailey, R.C. Pearce University of Kentucky Research and Education Center Princeton KY, USA

2 Objectives Evaluate variability in curing conditions within dark air-cured barns Attempt to correlate changes in curing conditions with changes in nitrite and TSNA levels in the cured leaf Broader impact to growers: Targeted barn repairs In areas of the barn that are more prevalent for increased TSNA accumulation 2

3 Materials and Methods Dark tobacco varieties: TR Madole screened (TRsc) TR Madole High Converter (TRHC) 375 sticks of each needed (2250 plants) Two Locations: Princeton (UKREC) and Lexington (Spindletop) Varieties are grown side by side in the field Plant population 12,100/ha 3

4 Materials and Methods Transplants grown at each location Tobacco transplanted to field in mid-late May Field Management: Current UK extension recommendations followed at each site Harvest: Field preparation through harvest N rate: 336 kg N/Ha Approximately 5 weeks after final topping Stalk harvested with adequate field wilting Six plants evenly spaced on stick 4

5 Materials and Methods Replicated soil and green leaf samples taken prior to harvest at each location 6 soil samples (3 per variety) nitrate analysis 6 green leaf samples: 4th leaf from top, 3 samples per variety o o Nitrite analysis TSNA analysis 5

6 Housing 3 tiers high and 5 tiers wide 50 sticks on each tier at cm stick spacing Sticks on each tier alternate between TRHC and TRsc 5 sticks of TRHC 5 sticks of TRsc 5 sticks TRHC 5 sticks of TRsc 6

7 HOBO Placement and Sampling 27 HOBO data loggers per barn Each tier has 5 sets of 10 sticks (5 TRsc, 5 TRHC) HOBO placed between the 5 TRsc and 5 TRHC In sets 1, 3, and 5 on all tiers of rooms 1, 3, and 5 No HOBO meters in rooms 2 and 4 7

8 Room 1 Housing and Meter Placement in Barns 5 rooms/tiers wide and 3 tiers high per barn, HOBO meters and sampling done in rooms 1, 3, and 5. Tier 3 (top) Tier 2 (middle) Tier 1 (bottom) = Placement of HOBO meter (27 meters per barn). Cured leaf sampled at end of curing: 4 th leaf from top of 20 plants in each 5-stick plot of TRHC and TRsc on each side of each meter 54 samples per barn 8

9 AP2013-TSNA Report 9

10 2012 Results

11 Statistical Analysis for 2012 Curing Season SAS version 9.3 Whole plot is Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Location Split Plot design Variety PROC GLM General linear model ANOVA table 11

12 Statistical Analysis 2012 Source DF Type I SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F RH_Count Location HOBO_Placement Location*HOBO Placement Variety <.0001 HOBO Placement Variety R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE TSNA Mean

13 L-1 L-2 L-3 L-4 L-5 L-6 L-7 L-8 L-9 L-10 L-11 L-12 L-13 L-14 L-15 L-16 L-17 L-18 L-19 L-21 L-22 L-23 L-24 L-25 L-26 L-27 Lexington Relative Humidity > 80% and TRHC TSNA Content for Entire Cure RH HRS ABOVE 80% TOTAL TSNA Average number of hours above 80% relative humidity= 407 Average TRHC TSNA content= 6.82 µg/g

14 Princeton Relative Humidity >80% and TRHC TSNA Content for the Entire Cure 250 RH HOURS ABOVE 80% TOTAL TSNA Average number of hours above 80% relative humidity= 131 Average TSNA content= 3.37 µg/g

15 Summary Significant effect of number of hours above 80% relative humidity on TSNA Greater correlation between number of hours above 80% relative humidity and TSNA at Lexington (407 hrs vs. 131 hrs at Princeton) As number of hours above 80% relative humidity increases, the correlation between relative humidity and TSNA increases No effect of HOBO placement on TSNA in

16 Research Progress Second Year: Tobacco crop has been harvested and housed at both locations Green leaf samples are in storage for freeze drying Cured leaf samples will be taken within next 2 weeks 16

17 Thanks for the support from: CORESTA Altria Client Services Dr. Andy Bailey and Dr. Bob Pearce Anne Jack, Colin Fisher, Neal Fannin, and everyone involved with TSNA analysis. Research Technicians Bobby Hill, Chris Rogers and Jack Zeleznik Dr. Wood and Kristen McQuerry 17

18 Questions? 18

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