Voice and Delivery Data Networks
|
|
- Posy Robinson
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Voice and Delivery Data Networks Chapter 11 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the basic elements of a telephone system Describe the composition of the telephone industry before and after the 1984 Modified Final Judgment and explain the differences Describe the difference between a local exchange carrier and an interexchange carrier Differentiate between the roles of the local telephone company before and after the Telecommunications Act of 1996 Describe the basic characteristics of a 56k modem List the types of leased lines that are available and their basic characteristics Identify the main characteristics of digital subscriber line, and recognize the difference between a symmetric system and an asymmetric system Identify the main characteristics of a cable modem List the basic characteristics of frame relay, such as permanent virtual circuits and committed information rate Identify the main characteristics of Asynchronous Transfer Mode, including the roles of the virtual path connection and the virtual channel connection, the importance of the classes of service available, and ATM s advantages and disadvantages Describe the concept of convergence, and identify several examples of it in the networking industry Identify the impact that MPLS and Metro Ethernet are having on frame relay and ATM services Chapter Outline 1. Introduction 2. The Basic Telephone System a. Telephone lines and trunks b. The telephone network before and after 1984 c. Telephone networks after 1996 d. Limitations of telephone signals e. The 56k dial-up modem
2 3. Digital Subscriber Line a. DSL basics b. DSL formats 4. Cable Modems 5. T-1 Leased Line Service 6. Frame Relay a. Frame relay setup b. Committed Information Rate (CIR) 7. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) a. ATM classes of service b. Advantages and disadvantages of ATM 8. Comparison of DSL, cable modems, frame relay, and ATM 9. Convergence a. Computer-Telephony Integration (CTI) 10. Telecommunications Systems In Action: A Company Makes a Service Choice a. Prices b. Making the choice 11. Summary Lecture Notes Introduction Today, computers are starting to take over the voice portion of communications, and the line between data networks and telecommunication systems is blurring at an alarming rate. Just knowing data networks is no longer sufficient. For example, many businesses are installing single systems that can support both voice and data over the same circuits. One such system is computer-telephony integration (CTI), a combination of local area networks and the telephone system that is capable of providing telephone services, such as voice mail, and typical computer applications, such as database systems and electronic mail over a single set of wires. In addition, systems that were designed to transfer data, such as frame relay and the Internet, are now transmitting voice with various degrees of success. Asynchronous Transfer Mode, which was originally designed for both voice and data, is another example of a system that is adept at transferring both forms of signals.
3 Basic Telephone Systems The basic telephone system, or POTS, has been in existence since the early 1900s. During most of those years, POTS was an analog system capable of supporting a voice conversation. It wasn t until the 1980s that POTS began carrying computer data signals as well as voice signals. The growth of data became so large that near the end of the 20 th century, POTS carried more data than voice. Even though POTS has seen a number of technological changes, such as the increasing use of digital signals in place of analog signals, POTS is still basically a voicecarrying medium. 56k Modems Approximately two years after the 33,600 bps modem was announced, the 56,000 bps modem was announced. Did something change to allow the faster transmission speed, or were the industry experts wrong (that 33,600 was the fastest a modem would transmit)? The experts were correct. Two important facts changed with the 56,000 bps modems: digital signaling was introduced and the signal power level was increased. Alternatives to Dial-up Modems: DSL and Cable Modems There are five alternative transmission technologies available, other than the traditional dial-up modem, that can be used to connect a computer into a remote network system: T-1 digital telephone lines, cable television networks, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), and cable modems. Each of these transmission technologies requires a particular kind of device that converts the digital data of a computer to the proper form for transmission. T-1 Leased Line Services Businesses require permanent high-speed connections to connect themselves to the Internet and access other businesses, remote databases, and high-speed data transfer services such as public data networks. These users desire a faster circuit, perhaps one that does not need to be dialed at all but is constantly connected. One possible solution is to lease a dedicated line from the telephone company. One leased line service is the 56K leased line. A second option for companies requiring a data rate faster than 56,000 bits per second is the T1 (or T-1) service. Frame Relay Frame relay is a packet-switched network that was designed for transmitting data over fixed lines (not dial-up lines). Most long-distance telephone companies, such as AT&T, Sprint, and MCI, offer frame relay service over most of the country. Once the service is established, the customer only needs to transmit his or her data over a local link to a nearby frame relay station. The frame relay network is responsible for transmitting the user s data across the network and delivering it to the intended destination site.
4 Asynchronous Transfer Mode Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), similar to frame relay, is a relatively new high-speed, packet-switched service that is offered by the telephone companies. A business that wants to send data between two points (either within a building or across the country) at very high transfer rates might consider using ATM. The transfer rates are as fast as 622 Mbps with even faster speeds possible. Other unique features of ATM include a small cell size (53 bytes), support for a wide range of traffic types, and quality of service options. Convergence Convergence in the telecommunications industry is constant. One form of convergence is computer-telephony Integration (CTI). CTI is an exciting field that combines more traditional voice networks with modern computer networks. CTI integrates the PBX phone switch with computer services, thus creating modern voice and data applications that run on computer systems. CTI combines the power of computer systems with the services of a telephone network. Running the appropriate telephony operations on a workstation computer, a user can perform typical telephone operations by clicking in a window of a program. Telecommunications Systems In Action: A Company Makes a Service Choice The In Action example for this chapter chronicles a company and how they decide to select a frame relay service over other types of long-distance data communication services. Quick Quiz 1. What is the difference between a POTS line and a leased line? POTS line is voice-grade dial-up, while leased line is better quality and always on. 2. What is frame relay used for? Frame relay is a high-speed data packet transfer service for local and long distance. Frame relay can also carry voice now. 3. What is Asynchronous Transfer Mode used for? Asynchronous Transfer Mode is also a high-speed data packet transfer service but can support a wide variety of traffic types at very high transfer speeds. 4. What are the primary uses of digital subscriber line and cable modems? They both are used to provide home and business users with high-speed connections into the Internet.
5 Discussion Topics 1. Will the telephone companies ever replace all copper telephone lines with digital, fiber-optic lines? 2. Will the distinction between local telephone calls and long-distance telephone calls ever disappear? What may cause this to happen? 3. Will frame relay someday pass into obscurity along with token ring LANs? 4. What do you envision as some possible future applications of computer telephony integration? Teaching Tips 1. Emphasize that the local telephone loop normally carries two channels of voice for a regular telephone line (one channel for each direction of traffic). But using modern technology, this loop can be extended to carry many more channels (such as used in DSL). 2. Emphasize the importance of the Modified Final Judgment of 1984 and its effect on longdistance service and the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and its effect on local telephone service. 3. Be sure to demonstrate an example of a business with at least three sites scattered across the country and how they can use either T1 lines or frame relay service to interconnect. Emphasize the three costs involved with a frame relay service: the PVC, the port charge, and the telecommunications line that connects the office to the frame relay network. 4. Using the Web, pull up some local advertisements for digital subscriber line service, cable modem service, or any others. Have the students go to Web sites such as or to determine local availability. Solutions to Review Questions 1. What is the plain old telephone system (POTS)? The standard telephone system that enters most homes and businesses 2. What is the typical frequency range for the human voice? 200 Hz to 3500 Hz (a range of 3300 Hz)
6 3. The local loop connects what to what? A home or business to the nearest central office 4. What is a LATA? Local Area Transport Area regions of the country that define local telephone calls and longdistance telephone calls 5. How does a trunk differ from a telephone line? A trunk carries multiple telephone signals, is usually digital, is most commonly found between telephone central offices, and is not associated with a single telephone number. 6. List the most important results of the Modified Final Judgment of AT&T. Breakup of AT&T; opening up of long-distance lines; definition of LATAs 7. What is the difference between a local exchange carrier and an interexchange carrier? A local exchange carrier provides a local telephone service, while an interexchange carrier provides a long-distance telephone service. 8. List the most important results of the Telecommunications Act of Incumbent local telephone companies must open up their local telephone lines to new, competitive local telephone companies; long-distance providers as well as anyone else can now offer local telephone service. 9. Why are the 56 kbps modems faster than the older 33,600 bps modems? They use digital signaling techniques. 10. Why don t the 56 kbps modems transmit at 56 kbps? Too much noise, lowered power levels, and analog/digital conversions 11. What are the basic features and transfer speeds of DSL? Always on connection, speeds up to 1 Mbps for residential users, several Mbps for commercial users 12. What are the basic features and transfer speeds of cable modems? Always on connection, speeds up to a few Mbps
7 13. How does a leased line service differ from POTS? POTS line is voice-grade dial-up, while leased line is better quality and always on. 14. What are the basic features of a T-1 line? All digital, synchronous time division multiplexing, Mbps total data rate, can support up to 24 separate telephone lines 15. What are the basic services of a T-3 line? All digital, synchronous time division multiplexing, 45 Mbps total data rate 16. What are the basic characteristics of frame relay? Digital, packet-switched, high-speed, long-distance, data (primarily) and voice transmission service 17. What features make frame relay so attractive? All the answers in Question 14 are advantages. 18. How do you create a frame relay permanent virtual circuit? Ask the frame relay carrier to create the circuit 19. How does a frame relay switched virtual circuit differ from a permanent virtual circuit? The switched virtual circuit can be created by the user. 20. Is it possible to have more than one PVC over a physical line? Explain. Yes. Since PVCs are virtual circuits, the physical circuit is capable of supporting multiple virtual circuits. 21. What is agreed on when a customer and a frame relay service agree on a committed information rate? If the user keeps the data transfer rate under a certain value, the carrier will guarantee a certain percentage rate of packets delivered. 22. What happens when a user transmits data faster than the agreed upon committed information rate? The user s frames will be marked and may be discarded if the network becomes congested.
8 23. How does frame relay compare to sending data over the Internet? Frame relay is more secure and faster, but it costs more. 24. What are the basic features of ATM? Fast, complex, expensive, WAN (mostly) and LAN, wide range of traffic types 25. What is the relationship between an ATM virtual channel connection and a virtual path connection? The carrier creates the virtual path and the customer can create one or more virtual channels over the virtual path. 26. What is meant by the ATM classes of service? ATM can support a wide range of traffic types, such as video, music, high- and low-speed data, voice, and more. 27. Describe some applications that incorporate computer-telephony integration. Corporate systems that require people to use the phone extensively, such as retail order taking and customer service Suggested Solutions to Exercises 1. The telephone line that connects your house or business to the central office (the local loop) carries your conversation and the conversation of the person to whom you are talking. What do you estimate is the bandwidth of a local loop? Since the human voice has a bandwidth of approximately 3300 Hz, the telephone system allocates two 4000 Hz channels, or 8000 Hz altogether. 2. If you play a CD for a friend over the telephone, will the friend hear high-quality music? If not, why not? No, because the telephone is designed to transmit signals with a relatively small bandwidth (4000 Hz). Music CDs require a bandwidth approaching 20,000 Hz. 3. If you place a telephone call and it leaves your LATA and enters another LATA, what kind of telephone call have you placed? What kind of telephone company handles this telephone call? Long-distance telephone call; Interexchange carrier (IEC)
9 4. For each of the following scenarios, state whether a telephone line or a trunk should be used: The connection from your home to the local telephone company The connection between a large company s PBX and the telephone company The connection between two central offices Line, trunk, trunk 5. Many within the telephone industry feel we will eventually run out of area codes and telephone numbers. How many different area codes are currently available? What would you suggest to increase the number of telephone numbers? First digit can be 2-9 (eight combinations), and second and third digits can be 0-9 (10 combinations each), so 8 * 10 * 10 = 800 possible area codes. Go to a longer telephone number (more digits). 6. State whether each of the following was a result of the Modified Final Judgment of 1984, the Telecommunications Act of 1996, or neither: a. The FCC was created to watch over interstate telephone systems b. AT&T had to sell off its local telephone companies c. The LATA was created d. Cable television companies could provide local telephone service e. Customers could choose between different long-distance telephone providers f. AT&T split off its technology division, which became Lucent Neither, 1984, 1984, 1996, 1984, neither 7. You want to start your own local telephone company. Do you have to install your own telephone lines to each house and business? Explain. No. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 says we can lease equipment and lines from existing local telephone companies (ILECs). 8. What type of telephone service do you use to connect a PBX to a central office if you want to allow 40 users to dial out simultaneously? You most likely would use two T-1s, or two Primary ISDNs. 9. If you install a 56 kbps modem into your computer and dial into a remote network that only has 33,600 bps modems, is your modem useless? No, the 56k modem will fallback to the appropriate speed.
10 10. Why would you want to use the newer V.92 modem rather than the older V.90? Why might an online Internet service not want you to use the V.92 modem? The V.92 modem can pause a data connection if an incoming voice call arrives. Internet service providers may not want you to use this because then you can stay connected for long periods of time and not worry about missing incoming voice calls. 11. You dial in to your Internet service provider using your 56k modem. Once connected, your data rate is shown as 42,000 bps. Why not 56k bps? List all possible reasons. Noise, analog/digital conversions, FCC requiring a lower power level 12. The next day, you dial in to an Internet service provider different from the one used in the previous question. This time you get connected at 24,000 bps. Could there be different reasons for this slower connection? Explain your response. The ISP might have an older modem; there is an additional analog/digital conversion somewhere in the circuit. 13. Cable modems, like 56k modems, create asymmetric connections. What does this mean, and why doesn t this asymmetric connection affect the average Web user? An asymmetric connection is one in which the downstream data transfer speed is higher than the upstream speed. This is common, since the average Web user is usually downloading lots of data (Web pages), not uploading. 14. What are the basic functions of a cable modem? Provides high-speed access to the Internet; provides cable television; splits the signal between computer and television 15. Give an example in which someone would want to use a symmetric DSL service. You would want to use a symmetric DSL service if the upstream load is the same as the downstream load. For example, if you have a Web server on site, you would be uploading as much data as, if not more than, you would be downloading. 16. What is the main advantage of asymmetric DSL over symmetric DSL? It is very often cheaper, and the downstream in asymmetric is sometimes bigger than the downstream in symmetric. 17. In a DSL service, what is the function of the DSLAM? Combines regular phone signals with Internet data
11 18. You live in a house that is 10 miles from the nearest city. Will you be able to get DSL service to your home? If the answer is no, what could the DSL service provider do to provide you with DSL? More than likely not. Two to three miles is the maximum distance for DSL. But a service provider could run fiber-optic cable to your neighborhood or maybe offer a wireless solution. 19. If you have a frame relay service installed, do you just pick up the telephone and dial the number of the party you want to connect to? Explain. No. Assuming the frame relay service is providing a PVC, the carrier establishes the PVC for the customer. Once established, it s always there. 20. Suppose you want to have a frame relay connection between your Chicago office and your New York office. Itemize the different charges that you will have to pay for this connection. PVC to connect between Chicago and New York Telephone lines (two) to connect Chicago and New York offices to frame relay network Port charges (two), one in Chicago and one in New York 21. You have established a frame relay connection with a committed information rate of 256 kbps and a burst rate of 128 kbps. Several times a day, your computer systems transmit in excess of 512 kbps. What will happen to your data? Probably nothing. If the frame relay network experiences congestion, your frames that exceed the CIR of 256k + burst rate of 128k may be discarded, but not likely. 22. What exactly does frame relay do if a frame is garbled and produces a checksum error? Drops the frame 23. For each of the following activities, state which is the better transmission medium, frame relay or the Internet: sending sending high-speed data interactive voice communications receiving a live video stream participating in a chat room or newsgroup Internet, frame relay, frame relay, frame relay, Internet
12 24. One of the disadvantages of ATM is the 5-byte cell tax. Explain what the 5-byte cell tax means. All data is transmitted in 53-byte cells, and each cell has 48-bytes of data with a 5-byte header. The 5-byte header is the tax. 25. You have an ATM connection that goes from your location to a network entity, on to a second network entity, and then to your desired destination. Draw a simple sketch that shows each virtual channel connection. 26. State which ATM class of service would best support each of the following applications: with image attachments interactive video simple text voice conversation VBR or ABR; CBR or VBR; ABR or UBR; CBR or VBR 27. Using CTI, how can a local area network support telephone operations? Telephone functions such as answering calls, forwarding calls, conference calls, fax retrieval, voice mail services, and providing user with a menu of options can all be performed on a workstation connected to a LAN. 28. Describe a business or school application that would benefit from CTI. Telemarketing, online database service, help desks, information centers Thinking Outside the Box 1. A company wants to connect two offices located in Memphis, Tennessee and Laramie, Wyoming. The offices need to transfer data at 512 kbps. Which is the less expensive solution More than likely, in both cases a frame relay solution is the most economical. Long-distance T- 1s are very pricey. 2. You are consulting for a hospital that wants to send three-dimensional, high-resolution, color ultrasound images between the main hospital and an outpatient clinic It sounds like high-capacity data transfers in real-time, best handled by ATM. If you do this continuously, you might need a CBR service; otherwise, you can probably get by with a RT- VBR.
13 3. Your company wants to create an application that allows employees to dial in from a remote location and, using a single connection, access their voice mail, , and data files. What kind of system would allow this? Describe the necessary hardware and software components. You will want to consider some form of CTI. You will need a system that is capable of supporting both voice calls and data transfers.
Telecommunications systems (Part 1)
School of Business Eastern Illinois University Telecommunications systems (Part 1) (Week 11, Thursday 11/02/2006) Abdou Illia, Fall 2006 Learning Objectives 2 Describe and compare types of connection to
More informationCTS2134 Introduction to Networking. Module 07: Wide Area Networks
CTS2134 Introduction to Networking Module 07: Wide Area Networks WAN cloud Central Office (CO) Local loop WAN components Demarcation point (demarc) Consumer Premises Equipment (CPE) Channel Service Unit/Data
More informationNetwork+ Guide to Networks 6 th Edition. Chapter 7 Wide Area Networks
Network+ Guide to Networks 6 th Edition Chapter 7 Wide Area Networks Objectives Identify a variety of uses for WANs Explain different WAN topologies, including their advantages and disadvantages Compare
More informationConnection Services. Hakim S. ADICHE, MSc
Connection Services Hakim S. ADICHE, MSc adiche@ccse.kfupm.edu.sa Department of Computer Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Connection Services Different connectivity
More informationAnalysis of xdsl Technologies
International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering 897 Available Online at www.ijecse.org ISSN- 2277-1956 Analysis of xdsl Technologies Dimple Saproo 1, Megha Goyal 2, Asha Bhagashra
More informationPublic Network. 1. Relatively long physical distance 2. Requiring a service provider (carrier) Branch Office. Home. Private Network.
Introduction to LAN TDC 363 Week 4 Connecting LAN to WAN Book: Chapter 7 1 Outline Wide Area Network (WAN): definition WAN Topologies Choices of WAN technologies Dial-up ISDN T1 Frame Relay DSL Remote
More informationChapter 9A. Network Definition. The Uses of a Network. Network Basics
Chapter 9A Network Basics 1 Network Definition Set of technologies that connects computers Allows communication and collaboration between users 2 The Uses of a Network Simultaneous access to data Data
More informationADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Backbone. Bandwidth. Bit. Bits Per Second or bps
ADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Backbone Bandwidth Bit Commonly called DSL. Technology and equipment that allow high-speed communication across standard copper telephone wires. This can include
More informationTelecommunications systems (Part 2)
School of Business Eastern Illinois University Telecommunications systems (Part 2) Abdou Illia, Spring 2007 (Week 12, Thursday 3/29/2007) T-1 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Cellular Telephone System Integrated
More informationR2. The word protocol is often used to describe diplomatic relations. How does Wikipedia describe diplomatic protocol?
Chapter 1 Review Questions R1. What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end systems. Is a Web server an end system? 1. There is no difference. Throughout
More informationOverview of WAN Connections Module 1
Overview of WAN Connections Module 1 Objectives This module introduces the basic elements of WAN connections and describes the role each element plays in creating that connection. After completing this
More informationWAN Technology. Heng Sovannarith heng_sovannarith@yahoo.com
WAN Technology Heng Sovannarith heng_sovannarith@yahoo.com Introduction A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic area and often uses transmission facilities provided
More informationGlossary of Telco Terms
Glossary of Telco Terms Access Generally refers to the connection between your business and the public phone network, or between your business and another dedicated location. A large portion of your business
More informationHow To Get A Phone In The United States
Telephone Systems COMP476 Home Telephones Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) provides a twisted pair connection from your phone to the central office. You own your home wiring and the telephone company
More informationWAN. Introduction. Services used by WAN. Circuit Switched Services. Architecture of Switch Services
WAN Introduction Wide area networks (WANs) Connect BNs and LANs across longer distances, often hundreds of miles or more Typically built by using leased circuits from common carriers such as AT&T Most
More informationTelecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing
Objectives Telecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing 1. What are the features of a contemporary corporate telecommunications system? On what major technology developments are they based? 2.
More information(Refer Slide Time: 2:10)
Data Communications Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture-12 Multiplexer Applications-1 Hello and welcome to today s lecture on multiplexer
More informationChapter 11: WAN. Abdullah Konak School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State Berks. Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Chapter 11: WAN Abdullah Konak School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State Berks Wide Area Networks (WAN) The scope of a WAN covers large geographic areas including national and international
More informationWAN Data Link Protocols
WAN Data Link Protocols In addition to Physical layer devices, WANs require Data Link layer protocols to establish the link across the communication line from the sending to the receiving device. 1 Data
More informationHow DSL Works. by Curt Franklin
by Curt Franklin How DSL Works When you connect to the Internet, you might connect through a regular modem, through a localarea network connection in your office, through a cable modem or through a digital
More informationADSL BROADBAND BASICS FOR THE DOMESTIC USER. The Main Limitations of ADSL Broadband are as follows.
ADSL BROADBAND BASICS FOR THE DOMESTIC USER AS NOTHING MAN MADE IS PERFECT, ADSL IS NOT AN EXCEPTION. The Main Limitations of ADSL Broadband are as follows. 1. ADSL is not a Guaranteed Bandwidth Service.
More informationTYPE OF INTERNET CONNECTIONS. Dialup Cable Connection DSL Broadband Dedicated Leased Line ISDN Wireless Connection
Internet Connections By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: bhu261@gmail.com How to acquire Connection? We are Basically connected
More informationHow To Get High Speed Internet In Australia
ADSL vs Cable Cable subscribers are connected directly to high speed lines while ADSL subscribers are connected directly to medium speed lines Cable subscribers share the line connecting them to neighbourhood
More informationGetting Broadband. FCC Consumer Facts. What Is Broadband?
Getting Broadband FCC Consumer Facts What Is Broadband? Broadband or high-speed Internet access allows users to access the Internet and Internetrelated services at significantly higher speeds than those
More informationVoIP Bandwidth Considerations - design decisions
VoIP Bandwidth Considerations - design decisions When calculating the bandwidth requirements for a VoIP implementation the two main protocols are: a signalling protocol such as SIP, H.323, SCCP, IAX or
More informationBroadband 101: Installation and Testing
Broadband 101: Installation and Testing Fanny Mlinarsky Introduction Today the Internet is an information superhighway with bottlenecks at every exit. These congested exits call for the deployment of broadband
More informationLECTURE 5: Wide Area Networks (WANs) CIS484. Communications Systems. Summer 2015 Instructor: Dr. Song Xing
LECTURE 5: Wide Area Networks (WANs) CIS484 Summer 2015 Instructor: Dr. Song Xing Department of Information Systems California State University, Los Angeles Outlines Introduction to WAN Point-to-point
More informationGeneral Questions about TC3Net Residential DSL:
General Questions about TC3Net Residential DSL: DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is broadband technology that provides high-speed data transmission (up to 7.1 Mbps) over an existing telephone line. Speeds
More information(Refer Slide Time: 4:45)
Digital Voice and Picture Communication Prof. S. Sengupta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 38 ISDN Video Conferencing Today we
More informationInternet and Services
3 Internet and Services 3.1 INTRODUCTION The Internet began way back in 1969 when it was called ARPANet (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) and was used exclusively for military purposes. It soon
More informationBy: Mohsen Aminifar Fall 2014
By: Mohsen Aminifar Fall 2014 Contact Information: E-Mail: m.aminifar@modares.ac.ir admin@parsenet.ir Phone : 021-22919726 09128442885 Website : http://parsenet.ir http://aminifar.ir SMS Center : 5000262175
More informationIntroduction to Meg@POP
Introduction to Meg@POP SingTel Meg@POP is a comprehensive suite of IP services for businesses which need a secured connection to multiple locations, parties or services in Singapore. It provides a simple
More informationWireless Links - Wireless communication relies on radio signals or infrared signals for transmitting data.
Uses of a network A network is a way to connect computers so that they can communicate, exchange information and share resources in real time. Networks enable multiple users to access shared data and programs
More informationComputers Are Your Future. 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computers Are Your Future 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 3 Wired and Wireless Communication 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 2 What You Will Learn... ü The definition of bandwidth
More informationWANs connect remote sites. Connection requirements vary depending on user requirements, cost, and availability.
WAN Review A WAN makes data connections across a broad geographic area so that information can be exchanged between distant sites. This topic defines the characteristics of a WAN. WAN Overview WANs connect
More informationVDSL (VERY HIGH DATA BIT RATE DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE)
1 VDSL (VERY HIGH DATA BIT RATE DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE) INTRODUCTION 1. Recent events in the telecommunications environment are giving rise to a new class of service providers, setting the stage for how
More informationApplication Of Build-in Self Test In Functional Test Of DSL
Application Of Build-in Self Test In Functional Test Of DSL YaJun Gu, Ye Qin, ZhiJun Wang, David Wei, Andrew Ho, Stephen Chen, Zhen (Jane) Feng Ph. D., Murad Kurwa No.77 Yong Sheng Road, Malu, Jiading,
More informationThink! Think! Data communications. Long-Distance. Modems: to analog and back. Transmission Media. The last mile is the hardest for digital information
Data communications Think! Think!?? What makes it possible to communicate from point A to point B?? Long-Distance Transmission Media If you place a call outside the local transport area, an interchange
More informationT1 Networking Made Easy
T1 Networking Made Easy 1 THE T1 CARRIER 3 WHAT DOES A T1 LOOK LIKE? 3 T1 BANDWIDTH 3 T1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4 T1 FRAMING 5 LINE CODE 6 T1 NETWORKING 6 TELCOS 6 PSTN ACCESS WITH A T1 8 SUMMARY OF
More informationADSL over ISDN, DAML, and Long Loops
Avi Vaidya Vice President and Chief Technology Officer Charles Industries, Ltd. over ISDN, DAML, and Long Loops As new technologies evolve, new challenges arise for telephone companies. Some of these challenges
More informationObjectives. Remote Connection Options. Teleworking. Connecting Teleworkers to the Corporate WAN. Providing Teleworker Services
ITE I Chapter 6 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 Objectives Providing Teleworker Services Describe the enterprise requirements for providing teleworker services Explain how
More informationChapter 2 - The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models
Chapter 2 - The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol OSI : Open System Interconnection RFC Request for Comments TCP/IP Architecture Layers Application
More informationBellSouth DSL FAMILY OF PRODUCTS MAKE A. fast move INTO HIGH-SPEED. services. BellSouth Interconnection Services. Your Interconnection Advantage SM
BellSouth DSL FAMILY OF PRODUCTS MAKE A fast move INTO HIGH-SPEED services. BellSouth Interconnection Services Your Interconnection Advantage SM WE MAKE YOUR LAUNCH INTO High-Speed MARKETS simple and swift.
More informationChapter 5. Data Communication And Internet Technology
Chapter 5 Data Communication And Internet Technology Purpose Understand the fundamental networking concepts Agenda Network Concepts Communication Protocol TCP/IP-OSI Architecture Network Types LAN WAN
More informationMultiplexing on Wireline Telephone Systems
Multiplexing on Wireline Telephone Systems Isha Batra, Divya Raheja Information Technology, Dronacharya College of Engineering Farrukh Nagar, Gurgaon, India ABSTRACT- This Paper Outlines a research multiplexing
More informationBuilding integrated services intranets
Building integrated services intranets A White Paper from Inalp Networks Inc Meriedweg 7 CH-3172 Niederwangen Switzerland http://www.inalp.com CONTENTS CONTENTS...2 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...3 2 INTRODUCTION...4
More informationXDSL and DSLAM Access Technologies
XDSL and DSLAM Access Technologies Abstract What are the differences between the different forms of xdsl technology, such as ADSL and HDSL? How are they implemented. What are the limitations? What are
More informationNetwork Neutrality Statement
Network Neutrality Statement CTC continues to comply with all applicable FCC requirements while providing the best possible customer experience for its Internet users. As such, CTC commits to the open
More informationCOMPUTERS ARE YOUR FUTURE CHAPTER 8 WIRED & WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
COMPUTERS ARE YOUR FUTURE CHAPTER 8 WIRED & WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions Matching g 1. whiteboard i 2. sending device o 3. streaming j 4. WiFi m 5. Webcam d 6. data transfer
More informationComputer Network. Interconnected collection of autonomous computers that are able to exchange information
Introduction Computer Network. Interconnected collection of autonomous computers that are able to exchange information No master/slave relationship between the computers in the network Data Communications.
More informationAcer ADSL Surf USB Modem
. Acer ADSL Surf USB Modem Installation Guide Acer European Support: http://support.acer-euro.com 1 Table of Contents. 1. About The Manual 2. Specification 3. Preface Chapter 1 : Chapter 2 : ADSL Overview
More informationLong Distance Connection and WAN
Lecture 6 Long Distance Connection and WAN Digital Telephone, PCM and Nyquist Sampling Theorem DSU/CSU, T Line Series and OC line Series Local Loop DSL Technologies - ADSL, HDSL, SDSL, VDSL Cable Modem
More informationDiscovering Computers 2008. Chapter 9 Communications and Networks
Discovering Computers 2008 Chapter 9 Communications and Networks Chapter 9 Objectives Discuss the the components required for for successful communications Identify various sending and receiving devices
More informationC20.0001 Information Systems for Managers Fall 1999
New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business C20.0001 Information Systems for Managers Fall 1999 Networking Fundamentals A network comprises two or more computers that have been connected in
More information3.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET
3.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET The Business Value of Telecommunications and Networking Business value impacts of the telecommunications and Networking are: Declining transaction costs
More informationThe Telephone Network
The Telephone Network 1 2 PSTN public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the largest and most widespread communications network in the world For computer communications used to link remote sites of organisation
More informationThree Network Technologies
Three Network Technologies Network The largest worldwide computer network, specialized for voice ing technique: Circuit-switching Internet The global public information infrastructure for data ing technique:
More informationA General Glossary of Telecommunications Terminology
1 A General Glossary of Telecommunications Terminology Analog Electronic transmission of voice and data accomplished by adding signals of varying frequency, or amplitude, to carrier waves of a given frequency
More informationDSL Variations. NEXTEP Broadband White Paper. Broadband Networks Group. Definitions and differences of Digital Subscriber Line variations.
NEXTEP Broadband White Paper DSL Variations Definitions and differences of Digital Subscriber Line variations. A NEXTEP Broadband White Paper May 2001 Broadband Networks Group DSL Variations EXECUTIVE
More informationHigh Speed and Voice over I.P September 1, 2005
If your property is setup with high-speed Internet access, you can incur big savings on your outgoing calls by using Voice over I.P. services to replace your local telephone and/or long distance service.
More informationChapter 9 Using Telephone and Cable Networks for Data Transmission
9-11 TELEPHONE NETWORK Chapter 9 Using Telephone and Cable Networks for Data Transmission 1 McGraw-Hill Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required The for reproduction McGraw-Hill or
More informationATA: An Analogue Telephone Adapter is used to connect a standard telephone to a high-speed modem to facilitate VoIP and/or calls over the Internet.
KEY VOIP TERMS 1 ACD: Automatic Call Distribution is a system used to determine how incoming calls are routed. When the ACD system receives an incoming call it follows user-defined specifications as to
More informationIntroduction to computer networks and Cloud Computing
Introduction to computer networks and Cloud Computing Aniel Nieves-González Fall 2015 Computer Netwoks A computer network is a set of independent computer systems that are connected by a communication
More informationProtocols. Packets. What's in an IP packet
Protocols Precise rules that govern communication between two parties TCP/IP: the basic Internet protocols IP: Internet Protocol (bottom level) all packets shipped from network to network as IP packets
More informationNarrowband and Broadband Access Technologies
Computer Networks and Internets, 5e Chapters 12 and 16 Access and Interconnection Technologies (slidesets abridged/combined) By Douglas Comer Modified from the lecture slides of Lami Kaya (LKaya@ieee.org)
More informationIntroduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications
Introduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications Chapter 1 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Define the basic terminology of computer networks Recognize the
More information1.264 Lecture 34. Telecom: Connecting wired LAN, WAN. Next class: Green chapter 17. Exercise due before class
1.264 Lecture 34 Telecom: Connecting wired LAN, WAN Next class: Green chapter 17. Exercise due before class 1 Exercise Your transportation brokerage company also handles billing for freight shipments,
More informationIntroduction to WAN Technologies
CHAPTER 3 Chapter Goals Become familiar with WAN terminology. Learn about different types of WAN connections. Become familiar with different types of WAN equipment. This chapter introduces the various
More informationTechnical Glossary from Frontier
Technical Glossary from Frontier A Analogue Lines: Single Analogue lines are generally usually used for faxes, single phone lines, modems, alarm lines or PDQ machines and are generally not connected to
More informationIntroduction to ADSL. NEXTEP Broadband White Paper. Broadband Networks Group. A primer on Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line transmission technology.
NEXTEP Broadband White Paper Introduction to ADSL A primer on Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line transmission technology. A NEXTEP Broadband White Paper May 2001 Broadband Networks Group Introduction to
More informationTechnology Brief. Implementing DSL Service for ISPs with the SMS. The DSL Opportunity. DSL is Different from Dial
Technology Brief Implementing DSL Service for ISPs with the SMS The DSL Opportunity Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) services represent a major opportunity for dialup-based Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
More informationE1-E2 (EB) Chapter 8A. Broadband Services
E1-E2 (EB) Chapter 8A Broadband Services 8A. Broadband and Broadband Services 8A.1 Introduction In toady s globally networked society through internet, there is always increasing demand for higher capacity
More informationBroadband Primer. A Guide to High Speed Internet Technologies. Indiana Office of Utility Consumer Counselor
Broadband Primer A Guide to High Speed Internet Technologies Indiana Office of Utility Consumer Counselor 100 N. Senate Av., Room N501 Indianapolis, IN 46204-2215 www.openlines.in.gov toll-free: 1-888-441-2494
More information6.0Mb Max Digital DSL/ 56K Modem (G.DMT/G.Lite/V.90)
6.0Mb Max Digital DSL/ 56K Modem (G.DMT/G.Lite/V.90) Technology Description: Compaq's 6.0 Mb Max Digital DSL/ 56K Modem (G.DMT/G.Lite/V.90) builds on Compaq's commitment to provide the latest communications
More informationCourse 1. General view on the fixed telephone network. Digital networks. General aspects. Definitions.
Course 1. General view on the fixed telephone network. Digital networks. General aspects. Definitions. 1. General view on the fixed telephone network Communication network dedicated to voice transmission;
More informationNetwork Technologies
Network Technologies Telephone Networks IP Networks ATM Networks Three Network Technologies Telephone Network The largest worldwide computer network, specialized for voice ing technique: Circuit-switching
More informationChapter 2 from Tanenbaum - modified. The Physical Layer. Ref: A.S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4 th Ed., Prentice-Hall, 2003, ISBN: 0-13-038488-7.
Chapter 2 from Tanenbaum - modified The Physical Layer Ref: A.S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4 th Ed., Prentice-Hall, 2003, ISBN: 0-13-038488-7. Data Communications over Wireless and Digital Wired Systems
More informationNotes Odom, Chapter 4 Flashcards Set: http://www.flashcardmachine.com/1162711/b41c
EDTECH 552 (SP11) Susan Ferdon Notes Odom, Chapter 4 Flashcards Set: http://www.flashcardmachine.com/1162711/b41c telco Leased Line CSU/DSU Local Telephone Company Owns the cables and has right of way
More informationAppendix A: Basic network architecture
Appendix A: Basic network architecture TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOCAL ACCESS NETWORKS Traditionally, telecommunications networks are classified as either fixed or mobile, based on the degree of mobility afforded
More informationIntel System Engineers Documents. DSL General Overview
Intel System Engineers Documents DSL General Overview Alex Lattanzi SC LAR Whatt IIs Brroadband? Broadband describes a number of different technologies that deliver digital data to homes and businesses
More informationAnalog vs. Digital Transmission
Analog vs. Digital Transmission Compare at two levels: 1. Data continuous (audio) vs. discrete (text) 2. Signaling continuously varying electromagnetic wave vs. sequence of voltage pulses. Also Transmission
More informationChapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP
Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP 1. According to Cisco what two things are essential to gaining access to the internet? a. ISPs are essential to gaining access to the Internet. b. No
More informationAppendix C. Glossary of Broadband Terms
Appendix C Glossary of Broadband Terms Glossary 3G Third Generation: Intended to be the nest great wireless technology, wideband mobile services and applications offering users faster access to the web.
More informationTraditional Telephony
Traditional Telephony Basic Components of a Telephony Network This topic introduces the components of traditional telephony networks. Basic Components of a Telephony Network 3 A number of components must
More informationAccessing the Internet
Accessing the Internet How to avoid per-minute charges on calls to access the Internet and increase your modem speed State of Wisconsin 1 When it comes to your phone service, we know you have many questions.
More informationLink Layer. 5.6 Hubs and switches 5.7 PPP 5.8 Link Virtualization: ATM and MPLS
Link Layer 5.1 Introduction and services 5.2 Error detection and correction 5.3Multiple access protocols 5.4 Link-Layer Addressing 5.5 Ethernet 5.6 Hubs and switches 5.7 PPP 5.8 Link Virtualization: and
More informationTerms VON. VoIP LAN WAN CODEC
VON Voice Over the Net. Voice transmitted over the Internet. That is the technical definition. Prescient Worldwide s product, called VON, means Voice Over Network as in ANY network, whether a client s
More information1 Which network type is a specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices located within a confined area? A Peer-to-peer network
Review questions 1 Which network type is a specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices located within a confined area? A Peer-to-peer network B Local area network C Client/server
More information:-------------------------------------------------------Instructor---------------------
Yarmouk University Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology Computer Engineering Department CPE-462 Digital Data Communications Final Exam: A Date: 20/05/09 Student Name :-------------------------------------------------------Instructor---------------------
More informationLecture Computer Networks
Lecture Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hans Peter Großmann mit M. Rabel sowie H. Hutschenreiter und T. Nau Sommersemester 2012 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen Asynchronous
More informationChapter 7: Computer Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition
Chapter 7: Computer Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Basic networking concepts
More informationMultiservice Access Technologies
CHAPTER 18 Multiservice Access Technologies Multiservice networking is emerging as a strategically important issue for enterprise and public service provider infrastructures alike. The proposition of multiservice
More informationHow do SMB benefit from using the Small but Secured Aries Server Appliance
How do SMB benefit from using the Small but Secured Aries Server Appliance white paper Internet Needs The Internet revolution is like nothing in the history of mankind. E-mail can be sent from San Francisco
More informationIntroduction to Wide Area Networks Unit 1 Fundamentals of WANs
Introduction to Wide Area Networks Unit 1 Fundamentals of WANs This unit focuses on basic concepts that apply to the entire course. Some of the concepts covered in this unit were covered in greater detail
More informationCS 5516 Computer Architecture Networks
Lecture 11: ISDN & ATM CS 5516 Computer Architecture Networks VA Tech Prof. Roy M. Wnek History of ISDN Traditionally, local loop connectivity has been with an analog signal on copper Inefficient, prone
More informationThe Internet and Its Uses
CHAPTER 1 The Internet and Its Uses Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: How is the Internet evolving? How do businesses and individuals use the
More informationIntroduction to Metropolitan Area Networks and Wide Area Networks
Introduction to Metropolitan Area Networks and Wide Area Networks Chapter 9 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Distinguish local area networks, metropolitan area networks,
More informationMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E Raymond McLeod, Jr. and George Schell Chapter 10 Data Communications Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10-1 Objectives Understand data communication basics. Know the
More informationFundamentals of Telecommunications
Fundamentals of Telecommunications Professor of CIS Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@ACM.Org http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 1 Overview Time Division Multiplexing T1, T3, DS1, E1 T1 Framing Echo Cancellation
More informationBroadband Symmetric Q&A
Broadband Symmetric Q&A 1. What is SHDSL technology? SHDSL is the acronym for Symmetric High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line. SHDSL is one of a number of services that utilise digital subscriber line
More information