Academic Standards for Business, Computer and Information Technology

Transcription

1 Academic Standards for Business, Computer and Information Technology April 2012 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 333 Market Street Harrisburg, PA

2 I. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction II. THE ACADEMIC STANDARDS Accounting Accounting as a Profession Accounting Fundamentals Framework for Financial Reporting Financial Reporting and Analysis Compliance Career Management Knowledge and Planning Organizing Leading and Directing Evaluating and Controlling Communication Foundations of Communication Etiquette Organizational Communication Electronic Communication Diversity Computer and Information Technologies Influence of Emerging Technologies Digital Citizenship Hardware Input Technologies Operating Systems Networking Software and Applications Programming Digital Media Technology Research Emerging Technologies in Careers Entrepreneurship The Entrepreneur Entrepreneurs in the Domestic Economy Entrepreneurs in the Global Economy Business Foundations Innovation and Opportunity in Entrepreneurship Finance and Economics Personal Finance Responsibility Money Management - Credit and Debt Risk Management and Insurance Saving and Investing Global Business Global Literacy Government and Legal System Global Economics Global Communication Global Responsibility Global Decision Making Global Business Opportunity Global Marketing Global Finance Management Organization and Characteristics of Business Management Functions Management Skills Human Resource Management Management Focus 2

3 Marketing Marketing as a Profession Marketing Fundamentals Communications in Marketing Consumer Behavior Marketing Mix Research Marketing Plan Marketing Technology Marketing Law and Ethics Glossary.. III. 3

4 II. INTRODUCTION This document includes Business, Computer, and Information Technology Standards: Accounting Career Management 15.3 Communication Computer and Information Technologies Entrepreneurship Finance and Economics Global Business Management Marketing The Business, Computer, and Information Technology Standards describe what students should know and be able to do in the field of business education at all grade levels. The standards provide the targets for instruction and student learning essential for success in all academic areas, not just business classrooms. Although the standards are not a curriculum or a prescribed series of activities, school entities will use them to develop a local school curriculum that will meet local students needs. Business education involves teaching students the fundamentals, theories, and processes of business. Because of the unique nature of business education, all teachers in a school will use the Business, Computer, and Information Technology Standards. The standards define the skills and strategies essential for success in life and the workplace; therefore, all teachers will assist their students in learning them through multiple classroom situations integrated in all subject areas. The Business, Computer, and Information Technology Standards also provide parents and community members with information about what students should know and be able to do as they progress through the educational program, graduation, and the workplace. With a clearly defined target provided by the standards, parents, students, educators, community members, and other stakeholders become partners in learning success. A glossary is included to assist the reader in understanding terminology contained in the standards. Words in bold type are included in the glossary. 4

5 15.1 Accounting Accounting as a Profession A. With help and support, ask and answer questions about careers in accounting B. Ask and answer questions about right and wrong (ethics) in the classroom A. Explore various accounting careers B. Explain the need for ethics in the classroom and business A. Identify knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for careers in accounting B. Describe ethical and unethical business practices related to accounting A. Summarize professional designations, careers, and organizations within the field of accounting, including education and certification requirements B. Analyze the roles of policy-setting bodies in the accounting profession, e.g., American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA), Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accounting Fundamentals C D E C D E C. Identify the parts of the accounting equation D. Describe the components of the accounting cycle E. Explore various technologies used in accounting C. Analyze business transactions using T- accounts to determine their impact on a business D. Analyze, journalize, and post transactions to general & subsidiary ledgers E. Perform accounting functions using technology as a tool. 5

6 15.1 Accounting F. Ask and answer questions about items you or your family own F. Identify family and business assets F. Identify, recognize, and classify short- and long-term assets F. Analyze and journalize transactions for short- and long-term assets G. Ask and answer questions about money you or your family owes G. Identify family and business liabilities G. Identify, recognize, and classify short- and long-term liabilities G. Analyze and journalize transactions involving short- and long-term liabilities H H H. Discuss the value of family and business assets over time H. Identify, calculate, and record depreciation, depletion and amortization; explain their effect on the financial statements I I. Ask and answer questions about ownership in a business I. Identify and classify the classes and rights of types of stock I. Differentiate between and journalize entries for issuance or repurchase of stock and the declaration and payment of dividends J J. Discuss supplies needed to run a business J. Explain the concept of inventory and its role in business J. Analyze the various methods for maintaining and valuing inventory (FIFO, LIFO, etc.) and describe their effect on financial statements K K. Recognize and give examples of revenue K. Identify and classify revenue K. Describe, calculate, and journalize the sales and cost of sales including purchases, transportation costs, sales taxes, and trade discounts. 6

7 15.1 Accounting L L. Recognize and give examples of expenses L. Identify and classify expenses L. Describe and explain the criteria used to determine expenses and journalize the expense transactions M. Ask and answer questions about being compensated for completing a task M. Describe the different methods of how people are compensated M. Identify and give examples of net pay and gross pay M. Analyze and calculate gross pay and net pay, including regular and overtime wages, commission, and piece rate. Framework for Financial Reporting N. Ask and answer questions about business ownership in the community O N. Discuss the different forms of business ownership in the community O N. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of business ownership (proprietorship, partnership, and corporation, etc.) O N. Explain how the different forms of business ownership and business operations are reported on financial statements O. Compare and contrast the accrual basis and the cash basis of accounting; assess the impact of each on the financial statements. Financial Reporting and Analysis P Q R P Q R P. Identify and describe bank statements Q. Identify and recognize financial reports and their purpose R P. Analyze and perform the reconciliation of accounts Q. Prepare financial statements (including a Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss and Owner s Equity) and understand their relevance R. Explain the primary areas of analysis (trend analysis, profitability, liquidity, capital structure) and the information that can be obtained from each. 7

8 15.1 Accounting S S S S. Analyze and perform a horizontal and vertical analysis of the income statement and balance sheet T T T. Identify and give examples of possible financial indicators for various types of business T. Assess profitability, liquidity, and solvency by calculating and interpreting financial ratios U U U U. Assess capital structure by calculating and interpreting financial ratios V V V V. Analyze and explain the use of industry averages in assessing the financial condition, operating results, profitability, liquidity, and capital structure W W. Discuss problems associated not having enough cash W. Identify and give examples of problems associated with a business not having enough cash on hand W. Analyze business activities using cash flow statements X X. Identify costs in business X. Identify and list examples of fixed and variable costs X. Analyze and perform breakeven and cost benefit analyses to support financial decisions. 8

9 15.1 Accounting Compliance Y Z Y. Discuss the price of an item and the actual amount paid Z Y. Identify and list examples of taxes Z. Identify the importance of good record keeping for businesses Y. Determine and calculate taxable income and tax liability for both personal and business taxes Z. Demonstrate an auditing procedure that provides assurance that financial records are accurate. 9

10 15.2. Career Management Knowledge / Planning A. Ask and answer questions related to personal likes and dislikes of home and school responsibilities. Reference Career Education and Work A - B A. Identify personality and character traits about yourself as related to hobbies, activities, and interests A - B A. Examine various occupation options based on career assessments results, personal characteristics, talents, skills, abilities, and aptitudes as related to career pathways, clusters, or occupations A - B A. Analyze personal characteristics, talents, skills, abilities and career assessment results as related to career pathways, clusters, or occupations A - B B. Identify occupations of familiar adults B. Discuss career pathways and describe businesspeople in those pathways within the community B. Apply various online and traditional career management tools to explore career clusters B. Analyze a specific occupation within a career cluster. Organizing C. With prompting and support, discuss the concept of a global community D. Ask and answer questions about different types of work C. Identify and compare occupations within the global marketplace D. Discuss traditional and virtual work environments C. Correlate individual career interests to job opportunities within the global marketplace D. Compare and contrast occupations in a virtual versus a traditional work environment C. Analyze and compare global employment opportunities relative to career interests, including but not limited to, the country s culture, legitimacy of a global business, prospective employers, and social network/virtual identity D. Analyze job tasks and responsibilities when working in a virtual versus a traditional work environment E. Reference Career Education and Work D E D E. Examine school program offerings related to individual career options E. Compare and contrast career interests with post-secondary opportunities. 10

11 15.2. Career Management D D F. Reference Mathematics 2.1.K.B F. Discuss the costs associated with postsecondary education F. Analyze financial options and costs associated with post-secondary education F. Evaluate various methods for financing a post-secondary education G G. With prompting and support, ask and answer questions about forms completed for school G. Evaluate applications to define the purpose and audience G Analyze and complete an application (e.g., job, scholarship, financial aid, postsecondary) in a focused and effective manner H. With prompting and support, ask appropriate questions about work activities H. Discuss interviewing as it relates to school and community H. Identify interview strategies H. Demonstrate appropriate behavior for an interview I. Identify rules within the school and community I. Explain why the U.S. has employment laws I. Examine laws associated with employment including Child Labor Laws and Civil Rights Act of I. Compare and contrast employment laws including, but not limited to, American with Disabilities Act (ADA), Child Labor Laws, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act (COBRA), and Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) J. Reference Career Education and Work G, H J. Describe the importance of career planning G, H J. Develop a career plan based on career assessment results, occupational research and high school course offerings G, H J. Analyze career goals based on, but not limited to, interest, lifestyle, skills, and values in order to transition from high school G, H 11

12 15.2. Career Management K. With prompting and support, explain the importance of social connections such as friends and family K. Define personal networks and their functions K. Explain the importance of personal networking and its impact on achieving a career goal B K. Apply networking skills as a resource for further career portfolio development and career opportunities. Leading/Directing L. With prompting and support, ask and answer questions about criteria for success at home and school M. With prompting and support, explain the types of dispositions necessary for success in school and community. Reference Career Education and Work A - B L. Describe personal qualities and behavior related to being a successful student M. Explain the importance of adhering to expectations defined in the home, school, and community A - B L. Illustrate how personal qualities and behavior affect school and work success M. Explain the importance of workplace expectations A - B L. Analyze how personal qualities and behavior apply in the workplace M. Evaluate the impact of workplace expectations on job performance A - B Evaluating & Controlling N. Reference Business, Computer and Information Technology X O. With prompting and support, ask and answer questions relating to differences among individuals N. Reference Business, Computer and Information Technology X O. Explain the importance of accepting diverse populations N. Reference Business, Computer and Information Technology X O. Explore diversity as related to occupations N. Reference Business, Computer and Information Technology X O. Formulate and demonstrate strategies for working with diverse populations. 12

13 15.2. Career Management P. Reference Career Education and Work C; Student Interpersonal Skills 16.2.K.B P. Explain how conflicts can be resolved C P. Identify strategies for conflict resolution C P. Evaluate conflicts within the workplace and demonstrate procedures to acquire a positive resolution C Q. Ask and answer questions related to interests and careers. Reference Career Education and Work F; Student Interpersonal Skills 16.2.K.B Q. Identify recent occupations emerging in the workplace F Q. Explain how changes in society influence the job market (creation of new positions and elimination of obsolete work) F Q. Evaluate the impact of change, work/life balance, and lifelong learning on one s life F 13

14 15.3 Communication Foundations of Communication A. CC F, CC L, CC R B C. CC C A. Create work product with a variety of formats including note taking, outlines, essays, correspondence, journals and presentations. CC T, CC F, CC L, CC R B. Compose simple requests for information to respond to needs of audience C. Apply strategies to understand directions. CC E, CC C A. Selecting the appropriate writing type to produce a work product. CC T B. Produce a variety of business documents and reports; focus on content, style, and format C. Apply strategies to understand complex directions. CC C A. Evaluate work product and make recommendations based on content. CC T B. Analyze business documents for content and effectiveness C. Create a research project based upon defined parameters. CC V D. CC D D. Explain and use vocabulary terms related to business and commerce. CC D D. Distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate business work products. CC F D. Evaluate business materials (including web based resources) for value related to purpose, quality, and appropriateness. 14

15 15.3 Communication E. With prompting and support, use digital tools for guided research projects. CC U E. Distinguish between age appropriate and inappropriate print and electronic resources used for introductory research. CC U E. Choose appropriate print and electronic resources to meet project need. CC U E. Evaluate chosen print and electronic resources for advanced research. CC U F. CC G, CC C, CC D F. Ask meaningful questions based upon a speaker s premise. CC G. CC D F. Define a position, support it with claims, and respond to questions to support claim. CC G., CC C, CC D F. Evaluate a speaker s reasoning and intent; ask questions to deepen understanding. (individual, team, employment, and business). CC G. CC C G G. Prepare appropriate information for impromptu and planned presentations. CC D G. Develop appropriate information and content for presentations, meetings, discussions, and group assignments. CC A, CC D G. Employ appropriate presentation skills to lead discussions and team activities. CC A H H. Present information as an individual or in a small group. CC A, CC C, CC D, CC E H. Deliver presentations using a variety of techniques and media; employ conventions of language. CC E, CC G H. Evaluate presentations for language, proper techniques and media choices. CC C, CC E 15

16 15.3 Communication I. CC C I. Demonstrate note taking and questioning skills. CC C I. Distinguish between relevant and nonrelevant information for note taking, questioning, or decision making. CC C I. Synthesize information gathered from multiple sources (e.g., digital, print, face to face) J. Reproduce active listening techniques modeled by familiar adults. CC C J. Demonstrate active listening techniques J. Identify barriers to active listening (e.g., environmental, peer, time, and cultural distractions) J. Apply strategies to overcome barriers to active listening K. Reference Student Interpersonal Skills 16.3.K.B K. Model appropriate verbal and nonverbal behaviors in various contexts K. Determine the situational appropriateness of verbal and nonverbal behaviors K. Apply cultural mores to evaluate intent of verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Etiquette L. Identify role models in various contexts (real vs. fiction) L. Identify traits (e.g., personal boundaries, confidence) that contribute to positive role models L. Describe the characteristics of positive role models for development of work ethic and leadership skills L. Evaluate characteristics of positive role models and their contribution to the development of a professional image M. With prompting and support, demonstrate proper etiquette while using technology M. Apply proper etiquette when using technology M. Demonstrate proper etiquette when networking either face-to-face or online M. Critique etiquette skills for building and maintaining a professional image. 16

17 15.3 Communication N. Identify positive work habits in the classroom N. Apply appropriate work ethic in the classroom N. Examine the impact of work ethic in various contexts N. Demonstrate appropriate work ethic in the workplace, community, and classroom. Organizational Communication O. With prompting and support, ask and answer questions about various communication strategies used in diverse settings (classroom, home or social event) P Q R O. Discuss appropriate communication skills within organizations P Q. Identify communication channels at school, home, and social events R O. Discuss types of communication skills (e.g., internal, external) in organizations P. Describe leadership communication skills necessary for goal setting and generating ideas Q. Identify communication channels and their purpose in the business community R. Discuss appropriate communication strategies between supervisors and subordinates O. Identify the diverse communication skills necessary within an organization (e.g., customer relations, sales, management) P. Demonstrate leadership communication skills through delegating, negotiating, goal setting, and generating ideas Q. Analyze communication channels and their effectiveness within the corporate culture R. Evaluate best practices of communication based on culture, practice, and laws related to supervising others in a corporate entity. 17

18 15.3 Communication S. With prompting and support, ask and answer questions about electronic communication S. Explain electronic communication options (e.g., formal vs. informal, time constraints, geographic location) based on the intended message S. Apply appropriate electronic communication based on message requirements S. Evaluate electronic communication options based on need. Electronic Communication T. With prompting and support, answer questions related to digital citizenship. Reference Business, Computer and Information Technologies B U V T. Explain the importance of digital citizenship. Reference Business, Computer and Information Technologies B U V. Identify mobile communications used in various settings T. Discuss the rules of digital citizenship. Reference Business, Computer and Information Technologies B U. Identify and employ various electronic communication options related to desired outcomes V. Describe varieties of mobile communication used within businesses and/or organizations T. Demonstrate application of digital citizenship in work and personal situations. Reference Business Computer and Information Technologies B U. Critique the effectiveness of various electronic communication options related to desired outcomes V. Evaluate how mobile communication impacts businesses or organizations W W W. Use electronic communication with peers and/or educators to produce a work product W. Collaborate via electronic communication with peers, educators, and/or professionals to meet organizational goals. 18

19 15.3 Communication Diversity X. Reference Student Interpersonal Skills 16.2.K.B X. Identify diversity within groups and its effect on communications X. Demonstrate effective techniques for good communication X. Identify the diversity within a work group and the strategies for effective communication. 19

20 15.4 Computer and Information Technologies Influence of Emerging Technologies A. Identify various technologies used in the classroom and at home A. Identify emerging technologies used for educational and personal success A. Analyze the influence of emerging technologies on daily life A. Apply the creative and productive use of emerging technologies for educational and personal success. Digital Citizenship B. Demonstrate responsible use of technology and equipment B. Identify and demonstrate understanding of ethical, safe, and social online behavior and potential consequences of unethical, unsafe, and inappropriate behavior B. Interpret and apply appropriate social, legal, ethical, and safe behaviors of digital citizenship B. Evaluate the impact of social, legal, ethical, and safe behaviors on digital citizenship. Hardware C. With prompting and support, identify peripheral devices of computer system including input and output devices C. Describe the purpose, use, and care of peripheral devices of computer systems including input, processing, storage, and output devices C. Compare and contrast peripheral devices of computing systems for specific needs C. Develop criteria for analyzing hardware options to meet defined needs. Input Technologies D. Demonstrate the correct use of simple input technologies (e.g., mouse, touch screen, microphone, etc.) D. Demonstrate the ergonomically correct use of more sophisticated input technologies D. Create projects using emerging input technologies D. Evaluate emerging input technologies. Operating Systems E E E. Explain the different operating systems E. Analyze the different operating systems and recommend the appropriate system for specific user needs. 20

21 15.4 Computer and Information Technologies Networking F F F. Identify network communication technologies F. Compare and contrast network environments, including the function of network devices and connectivity issues. Software / Applications G. With help and support, select and use various software/applications for an intended purpose G Create a digital project using appropriate software/application for an authentic task G. Create an advanced digital project using appropriate software/application for an authentic task G. Create an advanced digital project using sophisticated design and appropriate software/applications H H H. Explain the differences between a scripting language and a coding language H. Use programming languages to develop logical thinking and problem solving skills. Programming I J I J I. Solve a problem with an algorithm J. Explain the basic differences between encoding and decoding I. Compare and contrast programming languages; select most appropriate one to complete a specific task J. Create a complex computer program to solve a problem. Digital Media K. With help and support, identify similarities and differences between text, graphics, audio, animation, and video K. Use digital media to enhance a contentspecific work product K. Create a multimedia project using studentcreated digital media K. Evaluate advanced multimedia work products and make recommendations based on the evaluation. 21

22 15.4 Computer and Information Technologies Technology Research L. With help and support, use web browser to locate contentspecific websites L. Discuss the characteristics of a credible website L. Evaluate the accuracy and bias of online sources of information; appropriately cite online resources L. Find and use primary documentation; employ an accepted protocol for citation. Emerging Technologies in Careers M. With help and support, identify various technologies used in the workplace M. Discuss the impact of emerging technologies on a variety of careers M. Explore and describe how emerging technologies are used across different career paths M. Evaluate the impact of emerging technologies on various career paths and provide examples of industry certifications within the field. 22