EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE USING PUMICE AGGREGATE

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1 Available online at International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering e-issn: p-issn: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE USING PUMICE AGGREGATE A.Suba lakshmi 1, S.Karthick 2, Gasper Helden 3, M.Dinesh Boopathi 4, V.Balaji Pandian 5 Assistant Professor, Sethu Institute of Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu and India 1 UG Students, Sethu Institute of Technology,Virudhunagar,Tamilnadu and India 2,3,4,5. ABSTRACT: The project study with the special concrete such as light weight concrete by using pumice aggregate (natural aggregate) [3].One of the disadvantages of conventional concrete having high self weight. This heavy self-weight will make it to some extent an uneconomical structural material [2]. Light weight concrete having low density, reduction of dead load and to increase the thermal insulation [4]. The reduction in density produced by using it as a replacement of coarse aggregate partially in concrete [6]. In this Study an attempt has been made to compare the conventional concrete and light weight aggregate concrete using mix M30 with poly carboxyl ether admixture [3]. Light weight concrete is made by Partial replacement of Coarse Aggregate with different ratios of Pumice ranging from 20%, 50%, 80% and 100% [7]. This project is focused to determine the compression strength and split tensile strength parameters of light weight aggregate concrete to find the favorable replacement with the above mentioned replacements. The results are compared with conventional concrete [8]. Keywords: light weight concrete, pumice Aggregate, Poly carboxyl Ether, Natural Aggregate I. INTRODUCTION In concrete preparation coarse aggregate is the cheaper material as compared to cement and maximum economy is obtained by using as much aggregate as possible. Aggregates also improve the volume stability and the durability of the resulting concrete. A good aggregate should produce the desired properties in both the fresh and hardened concrete. Concrete is very variable material having a wide range of strength and the constituent materials are cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Based on research using pumice stone as replacement material. Pumice is a natural aggregate of volcanic origin produced by the release of gases during the solidification of lava.. The cellular structure of pumice is created by the formation of bubbles or air voids when gases contained in the molten lava flowing from volcanoes become trapped on cooling. Replacing pumice stone with coarse aggregate is said to be structural lightweight concrete solves to reduce the self weight of building. One of the most advantages of pumice aggregate concrete has low density of concrete. Pumice stone is lightweight aggregate of low specific gravity. Its water absorption is as higher than normal coarse aggregate, because it is highly porous material while comparing coarse aggregate. We use Pumice as coarse aggregate by replacing it and sand as fine aggregate. Pumice is a colour less or light grey coloured coarse aggregate, which floats on water. The density of pumice is 0.25 g/cm3. Pumice aggregate has thermal inslusion and has low specific gravity [6]. A) OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF CONCRETE To determine whether pumice stone light weight concrete can be used as a structural concrete. To determine the compressive strength and split tensile strength of light weight concrete having density below 1800kg/m 3. To study the effect of various types replacements (20%,50%,80%,100%) of natural aggregate by light weight aggregate(pumice) and conventional concrete on 7, 28 days compressive strength. It helps in reduction of dead load; increase the progress of building and lower haulage and handling costs. The weight of building on the foundation is an important factor in design particularly in the case of weak soil and tall structure. In order to decrease the self weight of building. 176

2 II. METHODOLOGY Literature reviews related to the pumice stone were collected and based on the literature survey preliminary works were performed. Works like collection of pumice stone was performed. Materials required for concrete such as coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement were collected. Basic tests were conducted on fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement, pumice stone check their suitability concrete making. The properties of find and coarse aggregates sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates, tests on cement are found out. The Study aims to investigate the strength related properties of concrete of M30 grade. The proportions of ingredients of the control concrete of grade M30 had determined by mix design as per IS code. Moulds were prepared to cast he specimen. Mould of size 150*150*150mm and cylinder mould 150*300mm were cast with desired of partially replacement (20%, 50%, 80%, 100%) of coarse aggregate. Casted Samples were tested after 7days and 28 days of curing Compressive strength and split tensile strength test was performed using casted concrete. Results were obtained and conclusion was arrived. A) MATERIALS III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION CEMENT The cement used in this experimental investigation was 43 grade OPC manufactured by Ultra-tech cements. The basic properties were evaluated and the specific gravity of cement 3.15, intial and final setting time is 40 mins and 595 mins. FINE AGGREGATE Fine aggregate is sieved using 4.75mm sieve to remove the pebbles. Specific gravity of fine aggregate is 2.60 and its fineness modulus is It confirms zone II of IS requirements as shown in fig 1 [7]. COARSE AGGREGATE Fig 1. Fine Aggregate Crushed granite aggregate with specific gravity of 2.74 and retained through 20mm sieve and will be used for casting all Samples [3]. Its fineness modulus is 7 and water absorption of coarse aggregate is 4.4% as shown in fig 2. B) PUMICE AGGREGATE Fig 2.coarse aggregate Pumice stone is a natural lightweight aggregate which is formed by the sudden cooling of molten volcanic matter. Pumice is formed during the volcanic eruption of viscous magma, mostly siliceous and rich in dissolved volatile constituents, especially water vapour as shown in fig 3.Their treatment is only via mechanical handling, crushing and screening. Larger volume of concrete can be handled by lighter Equipment with less wear and tear on the equipment. Light Weight Pumice concrete also reduces the live load of formwork and false work [8]. When compare the water absorption coarse aggregate to pumice aggregate is greater 4.4% < 11.1%.water absorption of pumice aggregate is more 177

3 than normal aggregate as shown in table 1. Hence, before using of pumice aggregate, soak in water for 24 hrs. Specific Gravity of pumice Aggregate =0.90. Table 1. Water Absorption of coarse and pumice aggregate SL.NO Determination no Coarse aggregate Pumice aggregate 1 Weight of saturated surface-dried sample(a)g Weight of oven-dried sample(b)g 3 Water absorption % Fig 3. Pumice Aggregate C) POLY CARBOXYL ETHER The new generation of this kind of admixture is represented by poly carboxyl ether based super plasticizer (PCES). With a relatively low dosage (0.3% - 1.5% by cement weight) they allow a water reduction up to 40%, due to their chemical structure which enables good particle dispersion. Specific gravity of poly carboxyl ether is A) MIX DESIGN IV. DESIGN MIX In the present study, M30 grade with nominal mix as per IS and IS 10262:2009 was used. Concrete mix proportion by weight for 1m 3 and water cement ratio of Gives the mix used for study [8]. Density of light weight concrete 1500 kg/m 3 and Density of normal concrete 2400 kg/m 3 [9].as shown in table 2. Mix proportion Table 2.mix proportion Mix Id Proportion (C:FA:CA:PA) Cement (kg/m 3 ) Fine aggregate (kg/m 3 ) Coarse aggregate (kg/m 3 ) Pumice aggregate (kg/m 3 ) P 0% 1:2.18:3.86: P 20% 1:2.18:3.09: P 50% 1:2.18:1.93: P 80% 1:2.18:0.77: P 100% 1:2.18:0: B) PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS Compressive strength was found out using cubes of standard size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm. Totally 30 cubes were cast with 6 cubes for each mix ratio. Out of 30 cubes were used to find the compressive strength. After casting process, the specimens were kept for 24 hours and then remoulded. They were curing for 7 days and 28 days. Similarly the split tensile strength Compressive test carried for cylinder of size 150mm x 300mm.as shown in fig

4 Fig 4.casting cubes and cylinders V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION A) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH Compressive strength is the maximum stress a material can sustain under pushing, crushing force. It is determined by the shattering fracture of the material under these forces. For this test the specimens of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm is used. The compressive strength is the ratio of the maximum load to the surface area of the concrete cube. Three cubes were tested for each mix ratio and the average of three specimens is taken as the compressive strength it was tested by compression testing machine of capacity 2000 kn [9]. The light weight concrete were tested for 179

5 compressive strength at the age of 7 day and 28 day. The specimens were subjected to a compressive force at the rate of 132kN per minute. Fig shows the concrete cube under test and the concrete cube specimens, respectively. The maximum load at failure was taken as shown in fig 5. The average compressive strength of concrete specimens was calculated by using the following equation as shown in table3. Calculation: Area of the specimen= mm 2 Maximum load applied= KN Ultimate compressive load (N) = Compressive strength (N/mm2) = Cross section area of specimen (mm2) = KN Fig 5.Compression test Fig 6.weight of light weight concrete and conventional concrete 180

6 Table 3.compression test at 7 and 28 days Mix Id Compression strength Compression strength at 7 days at 28 days P 0% P 20% P 50% P 80% P 100% Fig 7.graph compression strength test at 7 and 28 days B) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE Concrete cylinders of size 150 mm diameter and 300mm length were cast with incorporating copper slag as partial replacement of sand and cement. During casting, the cylinders were mechanically vibrated using a table vibrator. After 24 hours, the specimens were de-moulded and subjected to curing for 7 days, &28 days in portable water. After curing, the cylindrical specimens were tested for split tensile strength using compression testing machine of 2000kN capacity [9]. The ultimate load was taken and the average split tensile strength was calculated using the equation as shown in table 4. Split tensile strength (N/mm2) = 2 P/pi L D The split tensile strength test was carried out as per IS 5819: Cylindrical concrete specimens 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm in height were cast. The specimens were tested for split tensile strength using universal testing machine at the age of 7 and 28 days [9]. Fig 8.Split Tensile Strength 181

7 Table 4.Split tensile strength at 7 and 28 days Mix Id Split tensile strength Split tensile strength at 7 days at 28 days P 0% P 20% P 50% P 80% P 100% Fig 9.Tested specimen Fig 10.graph Split Tensil Strength test at 7 and 28 days VI. CONCLUSION Based on the experimental investigations concerning the compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete, the observations and the following conclusions are drawn from the present study. Compression and split tensile strength value is compared to normal concrete and replacement of Coarse aggregate by Pumice from different percentages (20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%). Concrete with 50% replacement of pumice the strength is comparable with normal concrete. Maximum value of strength is obtained in 50% replacement of Pumice with coarse aggregate. 182

8 International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Result has to be noted that, light weight concrete having density 1500kg/m 3 and conventional concrete 2400kg/m 3. The increasing percentage of pumice stones will show negative impact on strength of concrete (strength decreases). Generally Pumice stone absorbs more water compared to the nominal coarse aggregate, to overcome this problem additional usage of super plasticizes is added. The 20%, 80% and 100% replacement of normal aggregate with pumice aggregate gives least compressive strength with more reduction in weight of concrete. Hence forth, 50% of replacement can be effectively used for structural purpose. Replacement of (20%, 80% and 100%) can only be used for non structural purpose. VII. References [1] Lakshmi kumar minapu, M K M V Ratnam, Dr. U Rangaraju Experimental study on light weight aggregatee concrete with pumice stone,silica fume and fly ash as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate ijirset, vol 3, issue 12,2013. [2] Sk.Mohammed rafi,b.ambala Analytical study on special concrete with M20 & M25 grades for construction ijcet, issue2,pg.338,2014. [3] Roshan Peter1* and A. Anantha Kumar2 Experimental Investigation Of Floating Concrete Structure Using Light Weight (Natural Pumice Stone) Aggregate wjert, Vol. 2, Issue 2, ,p.g.118,2016. [4] Grits bumanis, mechanical and thermal properities of light weight concrete made from expanded glass jsace,issn ,pg.no.26,2013. [5] N. Sivalinga Rao, Y.Radha Ratna Kumari, study on Fibre Reinforced Light Weight Aggregate (Natural Pumice Stone) Concrete. Ijser,Volume 4, Issue 5, May [6] K. Guru Kesav Kumar, C. Krishnaveni Study on Partial Replacement of Aggregate by Pumice Stone in Cement Concrete theijest, 113 Vol 4 Issue 3 March, [7] B. Devi Pravallika1, K. Venkateswara Rao2 The Study on Strength Properties of Light Weight Concrete using Light Weight Aggregate ijsr,volume 5 Issue 6, June [8] Dr.sunilaa george, experimental investigation of light weight concrete by partial replacement of coarse aggregate using pumice aggregate volume 4, issue 5, pp.50,2016. [9] Gowthama prasanth.u1,jeyaraj.c2, Experimental Investigation of Floating slab with Incorporated Pumice stone and Vermiculite ijirt, volume 3,issu 5, pp.223,2016. [10] Syed Mudabir Altaf, Mir Mohammad Shoaib Mauloodi, HOD Zubair Ahmad Bhat, Ra Study of Effect of Light Weight Aggregate Containing Fly Ash on Properties of Concrete, volume 2, issue 3, pp [11] M.preveen kumar,dr.k.rajasekhar An Experimental study on light weight concrete by partial replacement of coarse aggregate by pumice stone and cement by ggbs ijsrd,vol4,issues 09,2016. [12] Mix design 10262:2009. [13] Indian code IS 456: