Curriculum Vitae. Professor of Psychology, University of Maryland, continuing.

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1 1 Curriculum Vitae Jude Anne Cassidy Psychology Department University of Maryland College Park, MD Phone: (301) (office) FAX: (301) CURRENT POSITION Professor of Psychology, University of Maryland, continuing. PREVIOUS POSITIONS Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Maryland, Assistant & Associate Professor of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, EDUCATION B.A. M.F.A. M.A. Ph.D. English, (magna cum laude), Duke University. New York University. Developmental psychology, University of Virginia Advisor: Mary Ainsworth. Developmental psychology, (minor in clinical psychology), University of Virginia, Advisor: Mary Ainsworth. ACADEMIC AWARDS Group Award for Teaching Improvements, Penn State University, Boyd R. McCandless Young Scientist Award. American Psychological Association, Division 7, Award for Best Research Publication of the Year, The American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists, (with co-authors S. Vuchinich & R. Emery), Postdoctoral Fellow, NIMH Training Grant to the Consortium on Family Process and Psychopathology,

2 2 Fellow, National Center for Clinical Infant Programs, Predoctoral Fellow, University of Virginia, DuPont Fellowships, Predoctoral Fellow, NIMH Training Grant in Social Ecology and Human Development, EDITORIAL ACTIVITIES Co-Editor: Attachment and Human Development 1998-continuing Editorial Board: Child Development ; Consulting Editor since 2000 Guest Reviewer: Applied and Preventive Psychology British Journal of Developmental Psychology Child Psychiatry and Human Development Development and Psychopathology Developmental Psychology Early Development and Parenting Early Education and Development Family Process Infant Behavior and Development Infant and Child Development Infant Mental Health Journal Journal of Adolescence Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Journal of Clinical Child Psychology Journal of Counseling Psychology Journal of Experimental Child Psychology Journal of Family Psychology Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Journal of Nonverbal Behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology Journal of Research on Adolescence Journal of Social and Personal Relationships Journal of Social Behavior and Personality Merrill-Palmer Quarterly Parenting: Science and Practice Personality and Psychology Review Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Psychiatry Psychological Bulletin

3 3 School Psychology Review Social Development Oxford University Press Brooks/Cole Publishing Guilford Press ADDITIONAL PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Reviewer, B/START Program, NIMH, 2000, Reviewer, NIH Center for Scientific Review, Committee ZRG1 RPHB-1, Ad-Hoc Reviewer, Child/Adolescent Development, Risk, and Prevention Review Committee, National Institute of Mental Health, 1998, Reviewer, National Training Institute, Zero to Three, Visiting Associate Professor, University of Virginia, Grant Reviewer, Smith Richardson Foundation, 1991, Spencer Foundation, National Science Foundation, 1992, 1993, 1999, The Israel Science Foundation, Selection Committees, G. Stanley Hall Award (1993); Boyd McCandless Award (1994). American Psychological Association, Division 7. Selection Committee, Lillian Smith Award, Southern Regional Council, 1992, 1993, Reviewer, Meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000, Consultant, NICHD Study of Early Childcare, Foreign Examiner, Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara University, Andhra Pradesh, India, Member, John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Network on the Transition from Infancy to Early Childhood, Attachment Working Group, University of Washington, 1985 to Participant, Attachment: Research Agenda for the 1990's. Working Group sponsored by the Office of Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., February 1991

4 4 GRANTS Reviewer, International Conference on Infant Studies, Reviewer, National Center for Clinical Infant Programs, Consultant, NIMH Child Development Laboratory, At-risk Irritable Infants, from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), $2,644,151 (total costs). The Relation of Parent-Child Relationships to Adolescents Romantic Relationships and Sexual Practices, from the UMCP/Uniandes Research Fund, $12,500 (total costs). Attachment and Relationships in Adolescence, from National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD), $1,364,717 (total costs). "Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Adult Attachment," from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), $381,840 (total costs). "Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Adult Attachment," from The Pennsylvania State University, Research and Graduate Studies Office Internal Award, $7,500. "Age-Related Differences in Children's Understanding of Loneliness," from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), $116,316 (total costs). "Connections among mother-child discussion of emotions, maternal expressiveness, attachment, and children's understanding of emotions," from The Center for the Study of Child and Adolescent Development, The Pennsylvania State University, $1,200. "Infant Physiological Responses to Maternal Emotion Display," from The Pennsylvania State University, Research Initiation Grant, $5,000. "Infant Response to Maternal Emotional Expressions," from The Center for the Study of Child and Adolescent Development, The Pennsylvania State University, $1,400.

5 5 PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT Associate Producer, James Agee Film Project, Co-writer of grants received from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Endowment for the Arts, the American Film Institute, and numerous state arts and humanities endowments. Films included: Agee, a documentary about writer James Agee (Academy Award Nominee, 1981; Blue Ribbon, American Film Festival). The Electric Valley, a documentary about the history of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Precious in His Sight, a parents' guide to quality daycare. Long Shadows, a documentary about the legacy of the American Civil War. To Render a Life, a documentary about Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and the documentary tradition (Blue Ribbon, American Film Festival). PUBLICATIONS Cassidy, J. (in press). Continuity and change in the measurement of infant attachment. Developmental Psychology. Cassidy, J., Aikins, J. W., & Chernoff, J. (in press). Children s peer selection: Experimental examination of the role of self-perceptions. Developmental Psychology. Cassidy, J., Ziv,Y., Mehta, T., & Feeney, B. (in press). Feedback-seeking in children: Associations with perceived competence and attachment. Child Development. Berlin, L. J., & Cassidy, J. (in press). Mothers self-reported control of their preschool children s emotional expressiveness: Associations with infant-mother attachment and children s emotion regulations. Social Development. Fivush, R., Berlin, L. J., Sales, L., Mennuti-Washburn, J., & Cassidy, J. (in press). Functions of parent-child reminiscing about emotionally negative events. Memory [Special issue on autobiographical memory]. Ziv, Y. & Cassidy, J. (2002). Maternal responsiveness and infant irritability. Infant Behavior and Development, 25, Cassidy, J., & Mohr, J. (2001). Solvable and unsolvable fear: Attachment, trauma, and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8, Cassidy, J. (2001). Truth, lies, and intimacy: An attachment perspective. Attachment and Human Development, 3,

6 6 Berlin, L. J. & Cassidy, J. (2001). Enhancing early child-parent relationships: Implications of adult attachment research. Infants and Young Children, 14, Cassidy, J. (2000). The complexity of the caregiving system: A view from attachment theory. Psychological Inquiry, 11, Cassidy, J. (2000). Adult romantic attachments: A developmental perspective on individual differences. Review of General Psychology, 4, Berlin, L. J., & Cassidy, J. (2000). Parenting and attachment. In J. D. Osofsky & H. E. Fitzgerald (Eds.), The handbook of infant mental health, Vol 3: Parenting and Childcare (pp ). New York: Wiley. Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.) (1999). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications. New York: Guilford Publications. Cassidy, J. (1999). The nature of the child s ties. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The handbook of attachment theory and research (pp. 3-20). New York: Guilford Publications. Berlin, L. J., & Cassidy, J. (1999). Relations among relationships: Contributions from attachment theory and research. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The handbook of attachment theory and research (pp ). New York: Guilford Publications. Cassidy, J., & Berlin, L. J. (1999). Understanding the origins of childhood loneliness: Contributions of attachment theory. In K. J. Rotenberg & S. Hymel (Eds.), Loneliness in childhood and adolescence (pp ). New York: Cambridge University Press. Cassidy, J. (1998). Attachment and Object Relations Theories and the concept of independent behavioral systems. Social Development, 7, Kirsh, S., & Cassidy, J. (1997). Preschoolers attention to and memory for attachment relevant information. Child Development, 68, Cassidy, J. (1997). Attachment theory. In J. Noshpitz (Ed.), Handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry, Vol 1: Infants and preschoolers: Development and Syndromes (pp ). New York: Wiley Cassidy, J., Kirsh, S., Scolton, K., & Parke, R. (1996). Attachment and representations of peer relationships. Developmental Psychology, 32, Cassidy, J. (1995). Attachment and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In D. Cicchetti & S. Toth (Eds.), Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology (Vol. 6): Emotion, cognition, and representation (pp ). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

7 7 Berlin, L. J., Cassidy, J., & Belsky, J. (1995). Infant-mother attachment and loneliness in young children: A longitudinal study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, Halberstadt, A. G., Cassidy, J., Stifter, C., Parke, R. D., & Fox, N. A. (1995). The psychometric properties of the Self-Expressiveness Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 7, Cassidy, J. (1994). Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. In N. Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion regulation, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, (2-3, Serial No. 240), Belsky, J., & Cassidy, J. (1994). Attachment: Theory and evidence. In M. L. Rutter, D. F. Hay, & S. Baron-Cohen (Eds.), Development through life: A handbook for clinicians (pp ). Oxford: Blackwell. Belsky, J., & Cassidy, J. (1994). Attachment and close relationships: An individual differences perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 5, Cassidy, J., & Berlin, L. J. (1994). The insecure/ambivalent pattern of attachment: Theory and research. Child Development, 65, Cassidy, J., Parke, R., Butkovsky, L., & Braungart, J. (1992). Family-peer connections: The roles of emotional expressiveness within the family and children's understanding of emotions. Child Development, 63, Cassidy, J., & Asher, S. R. (1992). Loneliness and peer relations in young children. Child Development, 63, Parke, R. D., Cassidy, J., Burks, V. M., Carson, J., & Boyum, L. (1992). Familial contribution to peer competence among young children: The role of interactive and affective processes. In R. D. Parke & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Family-peer relationships (pp ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Cassidy, J. (1990). Theoretical and methodological considerations in the study of attachment and the self in young children. In M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp ). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bretherton, I., Ridgeway, D., & Cassidy, J. (1990). The role of internal working models in the attachment relationship: Theoretical, empirical, and developmental considerations. In M. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, and E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp ). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

8 8 Cassidy, J. (1988). Child-mother attachment and the self in six-year-olds. Child Development, 59, Cassidy, J., & Kobak, R. (1988). Avoidance and its relation to other defensive processes. In J. Belsky and T. Nezworski (Eds.), Clinical implications of attachment (pp ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Vuchinich, S., Emery, R. E., & Cassidy, J. (1988). Family members as third parties in dyadic family conflict: Strategies, alliances, and outcomes. Child Development, 59, Main, M., & Cassidy, J. (1988). Categories of response to reunion with the parent at age six: Predictable from infant attachment classifications and stable over a 1-month period. Developmental Psychology, 24, Cassidy, J. (1986). The ability to negotiate the environment: An aspect of infant competence as related to quality of attachment. Child Development, 57, Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points in attachment theory and research, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, (1-2, Serial No. 209), Cassidy, J., & Main. M. (1984). The relationship between infant-parent attachment and the ability to tolerate brief separation at six years. In R. Tyson & E. Galenson (Eds.), Frontiers of infant psychiatry: Volume 2 (pp ). New York: Basic Books. Spears, R., & Cassidy, J. (Eds.), Text by Robert Coles. (1985). James Agee: A life remembered. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. IN PREPARATION Feeney, B. & Cassidy, J. Revisionist memory related to adolescent-parent conflict interactions: The influence of attachment models on changes in perceptions over time. Manuscript under revision. Cassidy, J., Ziv, Y., Feeney, B., & Dykas, M. Adolescent perceptions of their mothers and fathers: Associations with adolescent attachment (AAI) classifications & adolescent-parent interaction. Feeney, B., Ramos-Marcuse, F., & Cassidy, J. Adolescent attachment representations: Connections with help-seeking & help-giving capacities in new peer relationships.

9 9 Ziv, Y., Feeney, B., Dykas, M., & Cassidy, J. Parental caregiving & adolescents autonomy & relatedness: Associations with adolescents attachment security. Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. A primer of attachment theory and research (working title). New York: Guilford Cassidy, J., Ziv, Y., & Kobak, R. Attachment, trauma, and psychopathology across the lifespan. In S. Rholes & J. Simpson (Eds.), Adult attachment: New directions and emerging issues. New York: Guilford. Kobak, R., Cassidy, J., & Ziv, Y. Attachment and Development Psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology. New York: Wiley. Cassidy, J. (Ed.). Introduction by Robert Coles. The heart of another: Close interracial relationships in the segregated south. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. INVITED PRESENTATIONS Cassidy, J. (2002, September). Maternal sensitivity and infant attachment. Workshop presented at the meeting of the International Attachment Network, Washington, D.C. Cassidy, J. (2002, July). Tracking the Transmission Gap: The development of attachment security during the first year of life. Workshop presented at Marycliffe Institute, Spokane, WA. Cassidy, J. (2001, July). Secure attachment across the lifespan. Workshop presented at Marycliffe Institute, Spokane, WA. Cassidy, J. (2000, April). Attachment and the capacity for intimacy. Keynote address at the annual meetings of the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Institute. Cassidy, J. (2000, April). Attachment, trauma, and psychopathology. Workshop presented at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Institute. Cassidy, J. (1999, December). Implications of adult attachment research on work with infants, toddlers, and families. National Training Institute of Zero to Three: National Center for Clinical Infant Programs, Los Angeles, CA. Cassidy, J. (1998, December). The public policy implications of current attachment research. National Training Institute of Zero to Three: National Center for Clinical Infant Programs, Washington, D.C.

10 Cassidy, J. (1998, November). Attachment theory and research: Contributions to understanding trauma. Meetings of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Washington, D.C. Cassidy, J. (1998, October). Truth, lies, and intimacy: An attachment perspective. Second International Attachment and Psychopathology Conference, Clark Institute, Toronto, Canada. Cassidy, J. (1998, September). Early experience and brain development: Contributions of attachment experiences. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Early Experience and Brain Development, Cape Cod. Cassidy, J. (1998, July). Attachment, representations, and strategies: Associations with frightening experiences and psychopathology. International Conference on Attachment and Separation, Centre Alfred Binet, Paris. Cassidy, J. (1998, May). Information-processing, attachment, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Conference on Clinical Implications of Attachment Theory & Research, Center for Adult Development, and The Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy, Washington, D.C. Cassidy, J. (1998, April). Intimacy and attachment. Fourth Annual Institute of Contemporary Psychotherapy Conference, Washington, D.C. Cassidy, J. (1997, September). Attachment and families at risk: Disorganized attachment across the lifespan. Workshop presented at the Marycliff Institute, Spokane, Washington. Cassidy, J. (1996, October). Children s contributions to creating their own environments: The role of self-feelings. Kendon Smith Lecture Series: Conference on emotion in typical and atypical development. University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Cassidy, J. (1995, December). Mary Ainsworth and attachment theory and research. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia. Cassidy, J. (1994, October). Attachment and representations of peer relationships. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia. Cassidy, J. (1993, March). Links between the family and peer systems: Social cognition. SRCD Preconference on Peer Relationships, New Orleans. Cassidy, J. (1992, October). Generalized Anxiety Disorder and attachment: Emotion and cognition. Rochester Developmental Psychopathology Symposium, University of Rochester. Cassidy, J. (1992, August). Peer relations: Connections with children's emotion understanding and family expressiveness. Boyd McCandless Award Address at the meetings of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. 10

11 11 Cassidy, J. (1992, February). Integrating Diversity Topics into the Psychology Curriculum. Third Curricular Integration Conference, The Pennsylvania State University. Cassidy, J. (1991, April). Connections between family and peer relationships. SRCD Preconference on Peer Relationships, Seattle. Cassidy, J. (1991, March). Emotion regulation within the context of attachment. Conference on Research Issues in the Development of Emotion Regulation. Center for Educational Research and Development, University of Maryland, Washington, DC. Cassidy, J. (1989, February). Measuring attachment in young children. Laboratory of Developmental Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD. Cassidy, J. (1988, November). Attachment and child abuse: Theory and research. Consortium for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Pittsburgh. Cassidy, J. (1987, December). Frontiers of attachment research: Assessments of the self in early childhood. National Training Institute of the National Center for Clinical Infant Programs, Washington, DC. PRESENTATIONS Dykas, M., Ziv, Y., Feeney, B. C., & Cassidy, J. (2002, April). Adolescent-parent discussions of leaving home: Relations to the teen s attachment security and representations of self and parents. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Adolescence, New Orleans. Ziv, Y., Feeney, B. C., & Cassidy, J. (2002, April). Feedback seeking in adolescence: Associations with self-perceptions, attachment representations, and depression. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Adolescence, New Orleans. Cassidy, J., & Feeney, B.F. (2001, April). Revisionist memory related to adolescent-parent conflict interactions: The influence of attachment models on changes in perceptions over time. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Cassidy, J., (1999, April). At the crossroads of development, social, and clinical psychology: Future direction for attachment theory and research. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Cassidy, J., (1999, April). Global self-esteem in young children: A critical review of theory and research. In K. Verschueren and P. P. Goudena (Chairs), Representations of self in early childhood: Recent advances and challenging questions. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

12 12 Cassidy, J. & Mehta, T. (1997, April). Children s contributions to creating their own environments: The role of feedback-seeking. In J. Cassidy & K. A. Dodge (Chairs), How children and environments influence each other. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, D.C. Wargo, J., & Cassidy, J. (1997, April). Children s peer selection: The role of self-perceptions. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, D.C. Cassidy, J., Kirsh, S., & Scolton, K. (1995, March). Attachment and representations of peer relationships. In J. Cassidy (Chair), Cognitive Representations of Family and Peer Relationships. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis. Rosenberger, K., & Cassidy, J. (1995, March). Mothers of insecure infants and information processing. Paper presented at meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis. Berlin, L. J., & Cassidy, J. (1994, June). Attachment and emotion regulation in preschool children. Paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Paris. Kirsh, S. J., & Cassidy, J. (1994, June). Quality of attachment and memory. Paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Paris. Kirsh, S. J., & Cassidy, J. (1993, August). Quality of attachment and attention in young children. Paper presented at the meetings of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. Kirsh, S. J., Stifter, C. A., & Cassidy, J. (1993, March). Attachment and the expression of felt and unfelt smiles. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans. Cassidy, J. (1993, March) Emotion regulation within attachment relationships. In J. Cassidy & L. J. Berlin (Chairs), Attachment and Emotions. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, New Orleans. Cassidy, J., & Parke, R. D. (1991, April). Children's emotional understanding and peer relations. In J. Cassidy & M. T. Greenberg (Chairs), Children's understanding of emotions: Relations to social competence. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Seattle.

13 Cassidy, J. (1991, April). Classification of attachment beyond infancy. In J. Cassidy & R. S. Marvin (Chairs), Attachment during the preschool years: Examination of a new measure. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Seattle. Lichtenstein, J., & Cassidy, J. (1991, April). The Inventory of Adult Attachment Questionnaire: Validation of a new measure. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Seattle. Cassidy, J., & Berlin, L. (1990, April). Attachment organization at age 3: Antecedent and concurrent correlates. Paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Montreal. Berlin, L., & Cassidy, J. (1990, April). Infant-mother attachment and the ability to be alone in early childhood. Paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Montreal. Cassidy, J., & Asher, S. (1989, April). Loneliness and peer relations in young children. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, St. Louis. Cassidy, J., & Parke, R. (1989, April). Family expressiveness and children's social competence. In R. Parke (Chair), Emotional Expression in families. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, St. Louis. Cassidy, J., Marvin, R. S., & the MacArthur Attachment Working Group. (1988, April). A system for classifying the organization of attachment behavior in 3- and 4-year-olds. Paper presented at the meetings of the International Conference on Infant Studies, Washington, DC. Emery, R. E., Vuchinich, S., & Cassidy, J. (1987, August). A system of coding third-party interventions in family conflict. Paper presented at the meetings of the American Psychological Association, New York. Cassidy, J. (1987, April). An assessment of the working model of the self within the attachment relationship. In I. Bretherton (Chair), Representational assessments of attachment for 3- to 6-year-olds. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Baltimore. Cassidy, J. (1987, April). Avoidance and its relation to other defensive processes: Methodological Implications. In J. Cassidy (Chair), Attachment and Defensive Processes. Symposium conducted at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Baltimore. Cassidy, J., & Marvin, R. S. (1986, September). Attachment in three-year-olds: The development of a new coding system. Paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Mental Health, Chicago. 13

14 14 Cassidy, J., & Main, M. (1986, August). Attachment in infants and young children. Paper presented at the World Congress of Infant Psychiatry, Stockholm. Cassidy, J. (1985, April). The stability of behavior upon reunion with mother at age six. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Toronto. Cassidy, J. (1985, April). Attachment to mother and representation of self at age six. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Toronto. Cassidy, J., & Main, M. (1984, April). Quality of attachment from infancy to early childhood: Security is stable but behavior changes. Paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, New York City. Cassidy, J., & Ainsworth, M.D.S. (1983, April). The ability to negotiate the environment: An aspect of competence related to quality of attachment in 18-month-olds. Paper presented at the World Congress of Infant Psychiatry, Cannes, France. Cassidy, J., & Main, M. (1983, April). Secure attachment in infancy as a precursor of the ability to tolerate a brief laboratory separation at six years. Paper presented at the World Congress of Infant Psychiatry, Cannes, France. Cassidy, J., & Ainsworth, M.D.S. (1983, April). The toddler's ability to negotiate the environment: Its relation to quality of play and quality of attachment. Paper presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Detroit.

15 15 REFERENCES E. Mavis Hetherington James M. Page Professor of Psychology Gilmer Hall University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA Mary Main Professor of Psychology Tolman Hall University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA Ross D. Parke Professor of Psychology University of California at Riverside Riverside, CA Phillip R. Shaver Professor of Psychology University of California at Davis Davis, CA November 25, 2002