How To Reform The Power Market In Japanese Power Production

Transcription

1 Electricity Market Reform in Japan November 2013 Electricity Market Reform Office Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE)

2 <1> CURRENT ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AND PROBLEMS REVEALED BY

3 History of Reforms in Japan No competition in the electricity market before 1995: 10 vertically integrated GEUs (General Electricity Utilities) dominated and controlled the market. No. Year enforced Overview METI embarked series of reforms Open the IPP (Independent Power Producer) market Allow specified-scaled and vertically integrated power generators Introduce partial retail competition Accounting separation of transmission/distribution sector Expand retail competition Establish the wholesale power exchange (JEPX) and its supporting body for transmission in wider areas Modify the rule of wheeling rates 2

4 Current electricity system Partial liberalization: retail competition for over 50kW customers Retail Players: 10 big EPCOs (vertically integrated, regional monopoly), PPS, etc. Reality is Share of non-epco power producer and supplier : 3.6% O.6% of the total retail market sales is transacted at JEPX <Cf.> Market volume: 1000TWh/ 280GW Electricity price (2011): 16.8 yen (average), 21.3yen (household), 14.6yen (industry) Frequency in West: 60Hz * DC direct current, FC frequency conversion Frequency in East: 50Hz DC Tie line Hokkaido [2012] 5.52 GW 0.6GW Chugoku [2012] GW 16.66GW 5.57GW Kansai [2012] GW BTB 5.57GW Hokuriku [2012] 5.26 GW 0.3GW Tohoku [2012] GW 12.62GW 5.57GW Kyushu [2012] GW 2.4GW Shikoku [2012] 5.26 GW DC Tie line 1.4GW Chubu [2012] GW FC 1.2GW Tokyo [2012] GW 3

5 Problems Revealed by 3.11 Negative aspects of regional monopoly system were revealed: 1. Lack of system to transmit electricity beyond regions 2. Little competition and strong price control 3. Limit in digesting the change in energy mix including the increase in renewables Kansai EPCO Hokkaido EPCO Chugoku EPCO Hokuriku EPCO Tohoku EPCO Kyushu EPCO Tokyo EPCO (TEPCO) Okinawa EPCO Shikoku EPCO Chubu EPCO 4

6 5 <2> PLANNED ACTIONS ON ELECTRICITY MARKET REFORM AFTER 3.11

7 Expert Committee on Electricity System Reform Agency for Natural Resources and Energy organized the Expert Committee on Electricity System Reform in February The Committee compiled an interim report, The Basic Policy on Electricity System Reform, at the meeting on July 13. In November, the Committee started discussion on detailed design of reform. Based on the discussions over 12 meetings, the Committee compiled a final report on February 8, <Chairman> Motoshige Ito <Deputy Chairman> Junji Annen <Members> Toshinori Ito Hiroko Ohta Junichi Ogasawara The Members of the Expert Committee of Electricity System Reform Takao Kashiwagi Hiroshi Takahashi Kikuko Tatsumi Tatsuo Hatta Professor at Graduate school of Economics, The University of Tokyo Professor at Law School Academy, Chuo University Representative Director and analyst at Ito Research and Advisory Co., Ltd. Professor, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies Chief Research fellow and Manager at The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, Electric Power Group Specially appointed professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology Chief researcher at Fujitsu Research Institute of Economics Co., Ltd. Regular adviser, Public Corporation, Nippon Association of Consumer Specialists Special visiting professor, Gakushuin University Toshihiro Matsumura Professor at The Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo Akihiko Yokoyama Professor at Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 6

8 Cabinet Decision on Electricity System Reform 7 Based on the report by Expert Committee, the Cabinet decided to approve the Policy on Electricity System Reform on April 2, objectives: (1) Securing the stable supply of electricity (2) Suppressing electricity rates to the maximum extent possible (3) Expanding choices for consumers and business opportunities To achieve these objectives, a bold reform will be steadily carried out according to a realistic schedule step by step, focusing on the following the 3 agendas:

9 Agenda 1: Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators Establish the Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO) by about 2015 Main functions of OCCTO: Detailed designing is ongoing 1. Aggregate and analyze the EPCO s supply-demand plans and grid plans, and order to change EPCO s plans such as tie lines construction 2. Coordinate the supply-demand balancing and the frequency adjustment by T/D sectors (T/D sectors are responsible to balance the supply-demand in each area) 3. Order EPCOs to reinforce generations and power interchanges under a tight supplydemand situation METI Submit the nationwide plans, aggregating and analyzing all plans from EPCOs Order, as necessary Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO) Order, as necessary Submit a supply-demand plan and a grid plan to METI through OCCTO Order to change the plans, as necessary Electric Power Companies (EPCOs) General Electricity Utilities (GEU) Wholesale Electricity Utilities (J-Power etc) Specified Electricity Utilities Power Producers and Suppliers (PPS) 8

10 Agenda 2: Full Retail Competition Expand the retail competition to the residential sector at around 2016 Remain the regulated tariff to 10 big EPCOs until around March 2000 April 2004 April 2005 [Contract (kw)] Liberalized segment Liberalized segment Liberalized segment (Voltage (V)) 2,000kW (20,000V) [Extra-high-voltage power for industrial uses] Large-scale factories [Extra-high-voltage power for commercial uses] Department stores, office buildings Share of total power: 26% [High-voltage B power] Medium-scale factories Share of total power: 9% [High-voltage power for industrial uses] Supermarkets, small and medium buildings [Extra-high-voltage power for industrial uses] Large-scale factories [Extra-high-voltage power for commercial uses] Department stores, office buildings [High-voltage B power] Medium-scale factories [High-voltage power for commercial uses (over 500kW)] Supermarkets, small and medium buildings Share of total power:40% [Extra-high-voltage power for industrial uses] Large-scale factories [Extra-high-voltage power for commercial uses] Department stores, office buildings [High-voltage B power] Medium-scale factories [High-voltage power for commercial uses] Supermarkets, small and medium buildings [High-voltage power A] Small-scale factories 500kW [High-voltage A power] Small-scale factories Share of total power: 9% Share of total power: 19% [High-voltage A power] Small-scale factories Share of total power: 9% [High-voltage power for commercial uses] Up to 500kW Share of total power : 14% Share of total power: 63% 50kW (6,000V) [Low-voltage power] Small-scale factories, convenience stores [Low-voltage power] Small-scale factories, convenience stores [Low-voltage power] Small-scale factories, convenience stores Share of total power: 5% Share of total power: 5% Share of total power: 5% (100~200V) [Electric light] Households Share of total power: 31% [Electric light] Households Share of total power: 31% [Electric light] Households Share of total power: 31% (Note) The scope of liberalization of Okinawa Electric Power Company was expanded in April 2004, from users of power over 20,000kW, 60,000V, to extra-high-voltage power users (over 2,000kW, in principle). 9

11 Agenda 3: Unbundle the transmission/distribution sector Unbundle the transmission/distribution sectors by ITO-style (legal unbundling) at around Holding company Generation Competitive (System operation) Transmission/ distribution Regulated (Transmission/ distribution facilities) 送 配 電 設 備 Retail Competitive Regional monopoly Network tariff Responsibility for maintaining frequency & providing LR service Code of conduct 10

12 Roadmap for Electricity Market Reform in Japan Bills 1 st Reform: passed in Extraordinary Diet in ) Establishment of the Organization for Crossregional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO) 2) Action programs for 2 nd and 3 rd reforms etc. 2 nd Reform: Ordinary Diet in ) Full liberalization of entry to electricity retail business 2) Revision of applicable and regulations associated with the abolishment of GEU system 3 rd Reform: Ordinary Diet in 2015 (Plan) 1) Legal unbundling of transmission/distribution sector 2) Code of Conduct Reforms Apr. 2, st Stage Around nd Stage Around rd Stage Around 2018 through 2020 Cabinet Decision on the Policy on Electricity System Reform Establishment of the Organization for Crossregional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO) Full retail competition Period of transitional arrangement for retail tariff Abolishment of retail tariff Legal unbundling of transmission /distribution sector ( At around 2015:Transition to new regulatory organizations) 11