BUS 516 Computer Information Systems. Global E-business and Collaboration

Transcription

1 BUS 516 Computer Information Systems Global E-business and Collaboration

2 Business Functions

3 Business Processes Collection of activities required to produce a product or service These activities are supported by flows of material, information, and knowledge among the participants in business processes Business processes are unique to organizations

4 Business Processes

5 The Order Fulfillment Process

6 How can IS influence business processes? Automation of business processes Allowing multi-point simultaneous access to information Sharing of information Replaces sequential flow of information

7 Types of IS Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): A transaction processing system is a computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business. sales order entry, hotel reservations, cash deposits, payroll, employee record keeping, and shipping. Routine questions how many parts are in inventory? What happened to Mr. X s payment?

8 Types of IS Business Intelligence Systems for Decision Support Management Information Systems (MIS): MIS also designates a specific category of information systems serving middle management. reports on the organization s current performance, monitor and control the business and predict future performance. The basic transaction data from TPS are compressed and usually presented in reports that are produced on a regular schedule weekly, monthly, yearly

9 Types of IS Business Intelligence Systems for Decision Support Decision Support Systems (DSS): DSS support non-routine decision making focus on problems that are unique and rapidly changing for which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance use internal information from TPS and MIS, and from external sources, such as current stock prices or product prices of competitors.

10 Types of IS Business Intelligence Systems for Decision Support Executive Support Systems (ESS): ESS help senior management make non-routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight because there is no agreed-on procedure for arriving at a solution. Analyze external events, such as new tax laws or competitors, but also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS Often the information is delivered to senior executives through a portal and/or digital dashboard.

11 Business Intelligence Applications Business intelligence is a contemporary term for data and software tools for organizing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help managers and other enterprise users make more informed decisions. Business intelligence addresses the decisionmaking needs of all levels of management MIS, DSS, ESS

12 Systems for Linking the Enterprise Enterprise Applications Enterprise applications are systems that span functional areas, focus on executing business processes across the business firm, and include all levels of management. Enterprise Resource Planning systems Supply Chain Management Systems Customer Relationship Management Systems Knowledge Management Systems

13 Types of IS How Do IS link the Firm? Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems: ERP systems integrate business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system. Replaces fragmented and time-consuming legacy systems

14 Types of IS How Do IS link the Firm? Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems: Firms use SCM systems to manage relationships with their suppliers These systems connect suppliers, purchasing firms, distributors, and logistics companies Allow sharing information about orders, production, inventory levels, and delivery of products The ultimate objective is to get the right amount of products from the source to the point of consumption in the least amount of time and at the lowest cost.

15 Types of IS How Do IS link the Firm? Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems: CRM systems provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service Help to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. This information helps firms identify, attract, and retain the most profitable customers; provide better service to existing customers and increase sales.

16 Types of IS How Do IS link the Firm? Knowledge Management Systems (KMS): KMS enable organizations to better manage processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise. Collect all relevant knowledge and experience in the firm, and make it available wherever and whenever it is needed to improve business processes and management decisions. They also link the firm to external sources of knowledge.

17 Types of IS How Do IS link the Firm? Intranet: Intranets are internal company Web sites that are accessible only by employees. Extranet: Extranets are company Web sites that are accessible to authorized vendors and suppliers, and often used to coordinate the movement of supplies to the firm s production apparatus.

18 Emergence of Electronic Platforms E-business: use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise. Internal and external management, e-commerce E-commerce: part of e-business that deals with the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. E-government: application of the Internet and networking technologies to digitally enable government and public sector agencies relationships with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

19 Collaboration via IS Why is collaboration crucial in today s business world? Changing work culture: work silos are not there anymore, more interaction between groups/teams Growth of professional work: Experts in groups requiring coordination and collaboration Changing organization structure: flattened firm Changing scope of the firm: globalization Innovation: individual or group? Crowdsourcing

20 Tools for Collaboration & IM Social Networking Wikis Virtual worlds Virtual meeting systems Google Apps/sites MS SharePoint Lotus Notes

21 Can technology do it alone?

22 IS Function in Business IS Department Programmers, Systems analysts, Information Systems Managers Chief Information Officer (CIO) senior manager with business and IS knowledge Chief Security Officer (CSO) Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) End Users