Chapter 2 Personal Budgets

Transcription

1 1 Chapter 2 Personal Budgets 2.1 Preparing to Make a Budget 2.2 The Budgeting Process 2.3 Analyzing a Budget Name: 20 Math 11 Apprenticeship Marsh

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3 3 2.1 Preparing to Make a Budget In this section we will be learning about the basics of budgeting. A budget is a spending plan Have you ever wanted to buy something that was expensive, that you had to save up for? This could be a new computer, a bike, a trip or even post secondary education. How do you save for something? Well you have to have a budget! How to make a budget: 1) Identify how much you earn and how you spend your money now. 2) Evaluate current spending habits and set financial goals. 3) Adjust budget items so that total income equals total expenses. Items on a budget: Income: this is wages, salary, and interest from fixed term investments income where the amount changes over time, this could be tips, piecework, contract income etc. Expenses: these are things that you have to pay each month, phone bill, loan payments, rent, car payments, car insurance, house insurance. These items are fixed they don t really change. food, clothing, heating costs. These costs are always there but they amount changes each month. unpredictable expenses that you haven t planned to pay for. What type of an expense is the following: a ski trip to Big White? a broken pair of glasses? house or rental insurance?

4 4 Example 1: Janice had the following income and expenses during the past month. Identify the income and expenses. Classify the income as regular or variable, and the expenses as recurring, variable, or unexpected. Janice s Monthly Income and Expenses Income Expenses Worksheet: Income and Expenses Income and Expenses Worksheet 1) Classify the following types of income as regular or variable, and explain your reasoning.

5 5 2) Classify the following expenses as recurring, variable, or unexpected. Explain your reasoning. 3) Classify the following as income or expenses. Identify the income as regular or variable and the expenses as recurring, variable, or unexpected.

6 6 Balancing Income: Activity 1) Examine Jack s monthly financial records shown here. Classify each item of income as regular or variable. 2) Classify each expense as recurring or variable. JACK S MONTHLY INCOME AND EXPENSES Regular or INCOME EXPENSES Variable Tips $ Rent $ Paycheque $ Food $ Regular or Variable Priority Housepainting $ Entertainment $75.00 Tips $ Loan Payment $ Paycheque $ Cost of new bicycle $ Clothing $50.00 Car Insurance $ Gas $ Cell Phone $74.00 Car loan $ Charitable donations $38.00 Total Total 3) How would you determine if Jack s income and expenses are balanced? Do the necessary calculations. 4) Prioritize the expenses and mark numbers 1 to 11 beside each entry, with 1 being the most important. Is there agreement in your group on how to rank the expenses?

7 7 5) How might Jack balance his income and expenses? Example 2: Carlos has made a list of his income and expenses for one month. Total Income: Total expenses: a) He plans to put any extra income into a savings account. How much money does he have to put into savings? b) What percentage of his income do Carlos s savings represent? c) How much money can Carlos save over the course of one year?

8 8 d) Carlos hopes to buy a new computer in one year. He expects it will cost $ How much more would he need to save per month to be able to afford it? Suggest one way he could do this. Worksheet: Income and Expenses Income and Expenses Worksheet 1) Tonia has made a list of her income and expenses for one month. She will put any extra income into savings. If she has an unexpected car repair that costs $243.25, how much will she save this month? Total Income: Total expenses: 2) Franklin earns $ each month. He expects the following expenses this month:

9 9 Total: If he saves the rest, how much can he save in a year? What percentage of his income does this represent? 3) Marion has the following monthly income and expenses. She puts any extra income into savings. Total Income: Total expenses: After three months, Marion wants to buy a new TV that costs $ Will she have enough saved to pay cash? 4) Aidan earns $ per month and has about $ in expenses per month. If he saves the rest, how many months will it take him to save for a new computer if the one he wants costs $ ? (Ignore taxes.) 5) Karen s monthly income is $ and her monthly expenses are as follows.

10 In January, Karen starts saving for a trip in July that will cost her $ Will she have enough saved by the beginning of July? How much more/less will she have in savings? 10 Answers: 1) $ ) 7% 3) No 4) 6 months 5) $500 min 2.2 The Budgeting Process A budget is a plan for the future. In order to create an accurate budget, you will need a good idea of your total income and expenses. To create a conservative budget, you should underestimate your income and overestimate your expenses (round down and up). If your income is higher than your expenses you have a. This money can be placed in savings. If your expenses are higher than your income you have a. You will need to balance your budget by adjusting your spending. Grouping your expenses into categories is one way of making a budget. Several transactions can then be put into each category. Common categories include:,,, and. Example 1:

11 11 Kate works on salary and earns $ per month. She kept track of her monthly expenses for a period of 6 months. a) Use this information to calculate her average monthly expenses in each category for the 6- month period. b) Create a possible conservative budget for Kate. If she has a surplus, allocate the extra money to savings. (a) Category Calculation Expense Total Rent Utilities, phone, cable, internet Groceries Car payment Gas Restaurant Meals Entertainment Car Insurance Clothing Miscellaneous

12 12 (b) KATE S MONTHLY BUDGET Income Expenses Regular Rent Utilities, phone, cable, internet Groceries Car payment Gas Restaurant Meals Entertainment Car Insurance Clothing Miscellaneous Total Income Total Expenses Practice: Minh s has kept track of his finances over the last 4 months. Averages for his income and spending are listed below.

13 13 Create a conservative monthly budget for Minh. Allocate any surplus to savings. MINH S MONTHLY BUDGET Income Expenses Total Income Total Expenses Minh wants to buy a new pair of skis at the beginning of the next ski season, which is 6 months away. The skis he wants cost $ Will he be able to afford the skis? Example 2: Manny has two part-time jobs. At one, he works 20 hours per week and earns $12.75 per hour. At the second, he works 15 hours per week at $18.20 per hour. He has created a budget and expects to save 10% of his salary. How many weeks will it take him to save $900.00?

14 14 Example 3: Marcel is looking for a new apartment. He works for 40 hours a week at a job that pays $14.50 an hour. He usually works 6 hours of overtime, paid at time and a half, each month. He estimates his monthly expenses as follows. a) What is the maximum rent Marcel can pay, and still be able to afford his other expenses? b) Marcel s trip to Ecuador will cost about $ How many months will it take him to save up for the trip? Worksheet: Creating a Budget Creating a Budget Worksheet 1) Chantal has kept track of her income and expenses over the last 6 months. Averages for her income and spending are shown.

15 15 a) Create a conservative monthly budget for Chantal. Allocate any surplus to savings. CHANTAL S MONTHLY BUDGET Income Expenses Savings Total Income Total Expenses b) What percentage of her income is Chantal putting into savings? c) How long will it take Chantal to save up for a new computer, which she estimates will cost about $ ? 2) Janae works as a server and earns an hourly wage plus tips. She works about 40 hours per week, at a rate of $10.75 per hour. She takes home about $ in tips each month. Her fixed and variable expenses account for about 80% of her income. a) How much money does Janae put into savings each month? (Assume there are 4 weeks in a month.) b) Janae spends about $75.00 a week on food. What percentage of her income does this represent?

16 16 3) Justin works on contract as a landscaper. He earns about $ a month. He is creating a budget and wants to put 12% of his income into savings. a) If he follows his budget, how much will he save each month? b) How long will it take him to save $ ? 4) Jay is saving for his college tuition. Since his parents do not charge him room and board, he plans on saving 55% of his income. If he earn $ month, how long will it take him to save the $ he needs for tuition and $ for books? Answers: 2) a) $ b) 13.5% 3) a) $324 b) 5 months 4) 7 months 2.3 Analyzing a Budget Sticking to a budget is often hard for people! Sometimes unexpected things happen or your situation changes (job loss or career change for example). Circle graphs are commonly used to analyze budgets and can show which categories make up the largest expenses. Example 1: Sam works as a lifeguard and swimming instructor, and she earns about $ per month. Her average monthly expenses are as follows.

17 17 Sam has researched spending guidelines. These guidelines give a recommendation of how much of your income you should spend on each category. a) Calculate the percentage each category represents of Sam s income. What changes need to be made so that Sam s spending falls within the guidelines? Category Calculation Percent Degree Rent Utilities Food Transportation Entertainment

18 18 Clothing Savings Other Sam is spending more than the recommended amount in: b) What is the maximum that Sam should be spending on food per month? c) Show Sam s spending on a circle graph. Start by calculating the degrees for each category. Practice: Gabriella s monthly budget is shown here.

19 19 The suggested spending guidelines are as follows. a) Create a circle graph of Gabriella s spending. Category Calculation Percent Degree Housing Food Transportation Entertainment Clothing Miscellaneous Loan Payments Savings

20 20 b) Calculate which of Gabriella spending categories needs adjusting according to the guidelines, and by about how much. c) At her current rate of savings, how long will it take Gabriella to save $ ? If she wanted to save that amount in 6 months, by how much would she have to increase her savings per month? Would her savings fall within the guidelines? Worksheet: Analyzing a Budget

21 21 Analyzing a Budget Worksheet 1) Jessica s annual savings are $ and account for 5% of her net pay. She would like to increase her savings to 12%. a) How much will Jessica save annually if she makes this change? b) How much will she save weekly? c) What is Jessica s net annual income? d) Is saving 12% of this net annual income a reasonable amount? 2) Michel works for a landscaping business. His take-home pay is $ per week. He rents an apartment in a popular location and uses a bicycle and public transit for transportation. Michel has been tracking his spending and finds that his approximate weekly expenses are as follows:

22 22 Michel has researched the following spending guidelines: a) What changes would need to be made so that Michel s spending falls within the guidelines? b) What is the maximum amount that Michel should be spending on rent weekly and monthly? c) Graphically show Michel s expenses broken down by categories.

23 23 3) Sean is creating a monthly budget. a) Calculate his total income and expenses. Is his budget balanced? b) Create a circle graph of Sean s spending. Category Calculation Percent Degree Housing Utilities Phone, cable, internet Food Transportation Entertainment Clothing Miscellaneous Charitable donations Medical/health Savings

24 24 c) Spending guidelines suggest housing should account for 30 35% of total income. Is Sean s spending within these guidelines? What is the maximum amount he should spend on housing? Answers: 1) a) $ b) $ c) $ d) Yes 2) a) Rent b) $ ) c) $962.00