Building Secure, Efficient Clouds & Machines Today. Ramūnas Domarkas Market Development manager Intel

Transcription

1 Building Secure, Efficient Clouds & Machines Today Ramūnas Domarkas Market Development manager Intel

2 Tick-Tock Development Model Sustained Xeon Microprocessor Leadership Tick Tock Tick Tock Tick Tock Tick Tock 65nm 45nm 32nm 22nm Intel Core Microarchitecture First high-volume server Quad-Core CPUs Nehalem Microarchitecture Up to 6 cores and 12MB Cache Sandy Bridge Microarchitecture Up to 8 cores and 20MB Cache Dedicated high-speed bus per CPU HW-assisted virtualization (VT-x) Integrated memory controller with DDR3 support Turbo Boost, Intel HT, AES-NI 1 End-to-end HW-assisted virtualization (VT-x, -d, -c) Integrated PCI Express Turbo Boost 2.0 Intel Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) 5

3 Intel Xeon Processor families for Business Scalable Enterprise Small Business Mainstream Enterprise Best combination of performance, power efficiency, and cost Enterprise Server Versatility for infrastructure apps (up to 4S) Top-of-the-line performance, scalability, and reliability Mission Critical Performance and reliability for the most business critical workloads with outstanding economics Economical and more dependable vs. desktop Entry Servers and Workstations More features and performance than traditional desktop systems Cloud Computing Efficient, secure, and open platforms for Internet datacenters and IAAS High Performance Computing & Workstations Bandwidth-optimized for high performance analytics & visualization Cloud Computing Highest virtualization density and advanced reliability for private cloud High Performance Computing Greater scaling and memory capacity Increasing capability 6

4 Sun Fire X Socket Xeon E7 2TB RAM Exalytics 4 Socket Xeon E7 2TB RAM Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 2 x 8 Socket Xeon E7 Sun Fire X Socket Xeon E7 4TB RAM 7

5 Intel Xeon Processor E7 Building on Xeon 7500 Leadership Capabilities More Performance 10 cores / 20 threads 30MB of last level cache More Expandable Supports 32GB DDR3 DIMMs (2TB per 4-socket system) 1 More Security & RAS E E More Efficient SECURITY Intel Advanced Encryption Standard-New Instructions Intel Trusted Execution Technology (TXT) RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, SERVICEABILITY Enhanced DRAM Double Device Data Correction Fine Grained Memory Mirroring E E More performance within same max CPU TDP as Xeon 7500 Lower partial active & idle power via Intel Intelligent Power Technology 2 Support for Low Voltage- DIMMs 3 Reduced power memory buffers 4 Delivers more Performance, Expandability and RAS while improving Energy Efficiency 8 1. Up to 64 slots per standard 4 socket system x 32GB/DIMM = 2TB 2. Uses similar core and package C6 power states enabled on Intel Xeon 5500/5600 series processors. Requires OS support. 3. Savings dependent on workload and configuration. 4. Memory buffer power savings of up to 1.3W active and 3W idle per buffer per Intel estimates. Slightly more savings when used with LV DIMMs

6 Accelerate Encryption with Intel AES New Instructions 1 Secure transactions used pervasively in ecommerce, banking, etc. 1 2 Full-disk encryption protects data on hard disks Secure transactions on Internet and Intranet 2 Full disk encryption software protects data automatically during saving to disk Internet Intranet 3 Most enterprise applications offer options to use encryption to secure information and protect confidentiality 3 Name: J.Doe SS# Application-level encryption for automation and granularity Broader Use of Encryption=Better Protection of Business Assets 9

7 Oracle Software Optimized for Intel Xeon Processors Huge Performance Gain with AES-NI Robust Software Encryption Decryption Time "Across the stack, increases of 50 percent in both core count and cache drive up performance on the Intel Xeon processor 5600 series. We are especially excited about accelerated encryption using AES New Instructions." Marie-Anne Neimat, VP Development Embedded Databases, Oracle Database Encryption/Decryption 1 Oracle Database 11g* Lower is better. -89% Intel Xeon processor X5560 w/o Intel AES-NI Intel Xeon processor X5680 Equivalent Oracle Sun Fire Systems 10

8 Intel AES-NI Ecosystem Secure Transactions (TLS/SSL) Full Disk Encryption Software Enterprise Applications Tools Libraries Usage Applications Status Microsoft Windows Server* 2008 R2 OpenSSL patch Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Fedora Linux* 13 Checkpoint* Endpoint Security R73 FDE 7.4 HFA1 McAfee Endpoint Encryption* 6.0 with epolicy Orchestrator* 4.5 Microsoft BitLocker *WS2008R2 PGP universal 10.1 WinMagic 2011 Oracle Berkeley* DB Oracle Database* VMware* ESX 4.0 U1 (supports AES-NI usage in the guest OS) Oracle VM 3.0 beta (supports AES-NI usage in the guest OS) Citrix Midnight 5.6 (supports AES-NI usage in the guest OS) Xen (supports AES-NI in the guest) Intel Compiler, V11.0 Microsoft* Visual Studio 2008 SP1 GNU Compiler Collection, GCC v4.4.0 Microsoft Crypto Next Generation*, CNG WS2008R2 Intel Integrated Performance Primitives crypto library V7.0 Network Security Services, NSS Solaris 10 Java Cryptographic Framework 11 11

9 Frequency Core0 Core1 Core8 Core0 Core1 Core8 Core0 Core1 Technology For Performance Intel Turbo Boost Technology Increases performance by increasing processor frequency and enabling faster speeds when conditions allow Intel Hyper-threading Technology Increases performance for threaded applications delivering greater throughput and responsiveness <8C Turbo Normal 8C Turbo All cores operate at rated frequency All cores operate at higher frequency Fewer cores may operate at even higher frequencies Higher Performance on Demand Higher Performance For Threaded Workloads 12

10 Intel Xeon Processor E7 Cloud Compatible Infrastructure Xeon 7300 Xeon 7400 Xeon 7500 Xeon E7 REFRESH RETIRE Intel VT FlexMigration Intel VT FlexMigration compatibility Live Migrate Workloads Between Different Generations of Xeon Standardized Architecture for today and tomorrow Investment Protection with the Intel Xeon Processor Source: Intel measurements as of Feb Performance comparison using server side java bops (business operations per second). Results have been estimated based on internal Intel analysis and are provided for informational purposes only. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. For detailed calculations, configurations and assumptions refer to the legal information slide in backup. 13 * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright 2010, Intel Corporation.

11 Basic Standard Advanced Xeon 7500 Xeon E7-8800/4800/2800 Product Families Transition Matrix Xeon 7500 Series Xeon 6500 Series E Product Family E Product Family E Product Family Xeon 7500 Series E Product Family Best Performance (Top Bin) X Ghz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 30M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 30M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 30M / 6.4GT/s Low Voltage X7550 2Ghz / 18M / 6.4GT/s X6550 2Ghz / 18M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s L Ghz / 24M / 5.86GT/s L Ghz / 18M / 5.86GT/s E7-8867L 2.13GHz / 30M / 6.4GT/s Xeon 7500 Series E Product Family E7540 2Ghz / 18M / 6.4GT/s E6540 2Ghz / 18M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s Freq Optimized E Ghz / 12M / 5.8GT/s E GHz / 18M / 5.86GT/s E GHz / 18M / 5.86GT/s E GHz / 24M / 6.4GT/s E Ghz / 18M / x4.8gt/s E Ghz / 12M / 4.8GT/s E GHz / 18M / 4.8GT/s 2S only. Not scalable E GHz / 18M / 4.8GT/s 2S only. Not scalable X Ghz / 12M / 5.86GT/s 10 cores 8 cores E7-x800 Product Family Xeon 7500 Series 6 cores 4 cores 14

12 4S Enterprise Benchmark Competitive Performance Summary Intel Xeon Processor E Product Family vs. AMD Opteron* Relative Performance Higher is better Publications Best Published 4-socket AMD Opteron* 61xx (12C, 2.x GHz) Baseline General Purpose Intensive SPECint*_ rate_ base2006 Server-side Java* Middleware SPECjbb* 2005 Enterprise Resource Planning 4-socket Intel Xeon Processor E (30M Cache, 2.40 GHz, 6.40 GT/s Intel QPI) SAP* SD 2-tier Datacenter Virtualized Server Mgmt vs. 6180SE vs. 6176SE vs vs vs VMmark* 2 OLTP Database Brokerage TPC Benchmark* E NOTE: some publications on 4S AMD Opteron use the 6174 or 6176SE model as the top result with no 6180SE results available. Xeon E delivers top benchmark performance for lower TCO Source: All results based on publications as of 5 April See notes section for more information. 15 Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products. Configurations: see Notes section. For more information go to

13 Today Mid-Term Long Term Infrastructure Silos Trapped In Legacy IT Legacy RISC Legacy Mainframe Cloud Infrastructure for Mainstream Enterprise Dedicated Infrastructure for Mission Critical Robust Cloud for All Workloads x86 Cloud Economics for Mission Critical: 1 st Step - Migrate to an Interoperable Infrastructure 16

14 Advanced RAS Starts With Silicon Requires An Ecosystem Mission Critical OS Oracle Innovation Intel Silicon Mission Critical Solutions Span Silicon, Firmware & OS 17

15 Advanced Reliability Starts With Silicon Intel Xeon E7-8800/4800/2800 Family Reliability Features Memory Inter-socket Memory Mirroring Intel Scalable Memory Interconnect (Intel SMI) Lane Failover Intel SMI Clock Fail Over Intel SMI Packet Retry Memory Address Parity Failed DIMM Isolation Memory Board Hot Add/Remove Dynamic Memory Migration* OS Memory On-lining * Recovery from Single DRAM Device Failure (SDDC) plus random bit error Memory Thermal Throttling Demand and Patrol scrubbing Fail Over from Single DRAM Device Failure (SDDC) Enhanced DRAM Double Device Data Correction Fine Grained Memory Mirroring Memory DIMM and Rank Sparing Intra-socket Memory Mirroring Mirrored Memory Board Hot Add/Remove I/O Hub Physical IOH Hot Add OS IOH On-lining* PCI-E Hot Plug CPU/Socket Machine Check Architecture (MCA) recovery Corrected Machine Check Interrupt (CMCI) Corrupt Data Containment Mode Viral Mode OS Assisted Processor Socket Migration* OS CPU on-lining * CPU Board Hot Add at QPI Electronically Isolated (Static) Partitioning Single Core Disable for Fault Resilient Boot Intel QuickPath Interconnect Intel QPI Packet Retry Intel QPI Protocol Protection via CRC (8bit or 16bit rolling) QPI Clock Fail Over QPI Self-Healing Advanced reliability features work to maintain data integrity 18 Bold text denoted new feature for Xeon E7 Family * Feature requires OS support, check with your OS vendor for support plans Some features require OEM server implementation and validation and may not be provided in all server platforms

16 Machine Check Architecture Recovery Previously seen only in RISC, mainframe, and Itanium-based systems MCA Recovery System works in conjunction with OS or VMM to recover or restart processes and continue normal operation System Recovery with OS Normal Status With Error Prevention Error information passed to OS / VMM Bad memory location flagged so data will not be used by OS or applications Error Contained Error Detected* Error Corrected Un-correctable HW Un-correctable Errors Errors HW Correctable Errors Allows Recovery From Otherwise Fatal System Errors *Errors detected using Patrol Scrub or Explicit Write-back from cache 19

17 A Study Into Real-World Memory Errors Google research uncovers the benefits of hardened RAS features and capabilities Google engineers and the University of Toronto worked together to study real-world memory errors across hundreds of thousands of Google data center servers. Among the results from the two-and-a-half year study: Memory errors are an order of magnitude more common than previously thought. More than 8% of DIMMs were affected by correctable errors per year in Google s computing environment. Hard errors, the kind that cause system failure, account for a much higher percentage of total errors than anticipated. The annual incidence of uncorrectable errors was 1.3% per machine and 0.22% per DIMM. Occurring errors in a DIMM memory device provide a strong indication of future errors in the same component. It s impossible to prevent underlying cause of many kinds of memory errors which can bring a system down *Source: DRAM Errors in the Wild: A Large-Scale Field Study. 20

18 2-socket Expandable Platform Efficient Performance Class Expandable Class Xeon(R) 5600 Xeon(R) 5600 E E IO HUB Xeon 5600 IO HUB Xeon E Frequency Sensitive Performance Thread Sensitive Low Power Efficiency High Low Memory Capacity High Good Reliability Best Virtualization driving need for compute, memory & reliability 21

19 Xeon E product family vs Xeon 5600 Memory Performance Impact of Enabled RAS Features RAS Feature Xeon E Xeon 5600 Bandwidth Capacity Bandwidth Capacity x4 SDDC 100% 100% 100% 100% x8 SDDC 100% 100% 67% 67% Lock Step 100% 100% 67% 67% Mirroring 50% 50% 33% 33% DIMM Sparing 100% 50-87% 1,2,4 67% 67% Rank Sparing 100% 50-93% 1,3,4 Not supported Not Supported Available Bandwidth and Capacity (Higher is better, 100% is target) MORE Mempoy RAS features with LESS adverse performance impact (vs. Xeon 5500/5600 Series) 22 Table shows available memory bandwidth and memory capacity when each RAS feature is enabled on each platform vs. the maximum possible bandwidth or capacity for the platform 1. Assuming a 4S system with 4 CPU s and equal memory behind each CPU s memory controller, sparing enabled on all Mem. Ctlr s 2. 50% capacity with 4 DIMMs per memory controller installed. 87% capacity with 8 DIMMs per memory controller installed 3. 50% capacity with 2 DR DIMMs per memory controller installed. 93% capacity with 8 QR DIMMs per memory controller installed 4. Greater capacity possible if not all memory controllers enable sparing.

20 Intel Xeon Processor E Performance Scaling 2-Socket Socket E7 Selling up to Expandable RAS systems 2x Xeon E (Westmere-EX 2.40GHz) vs. 2x Xeon X5690 (Westmere-EP 3.46GHz) ESTIMATED Relative Performance. Higher is better x Xeon X5690 (3.46GHz) Baseline TPC-E OLTP - SQL Brokerage Server Database 2x Intel Xeon Processor E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s QPI) LINPACK STREAM SPECint_ Memory Integer Matrix Multiply rate_ Bandwidth Throughput base2006 Enterprise SAP Resource SD 2t Planning SPECfp_ Floating-Point rate_ Throughput base2006 SPECmpiM HPC 2007 MPI Additional compute/memory headroom with Xeon E (2S) delivers up to 1.4x the performance of Xeon more RAS features Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products. Configuration details: See Notes Section. 23 Source: Submitted, published, or Intel internally measured results April 5th See backup slides for details.

21 Intel Xeon 5600 Series 24

22 Sun Netra X Socket Xeon 5600 Sun Fire X2270 M2 2 Socket Xeon 5600 Sun Fire X4270 M2 2 Socket Xeon 5600 Sun Fire X4170 M2 2 Socket Xeon 5600 Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-2 Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud Oracle Big Data Appliance 2 Socket Xeon 5600 Sun Blade X6270 M2 2 Socket Xeon 5600 Sun Blade X x 2 Socket Xeon 5600 Oracle Database Appliance 2 x 2 Socket Xeon

23 Intel Xeon 5600 Processor Oracle 2270, 41xx, 42xx, 62xx and Exadata v2-2 Lower Power CPUs Better performance/watt Lower power consumption 130W 95W 80W 60W (6C) 40W (4C) Up to 6 Cores per socket Six and Four Core options Intel Xeon 5600 Intel Xeon 5600 CPU Power Management Reduced power consumption when not at maximum load with up to 15 Power States Lower Power DDR3 Memory Up to 1.5W per DIMM reduction in memory power 1 Intel Xeon 5600 delivers greater platform Energy Efficiency 26 Lower power CPU TDP options for Xeon DDR3L supported for Xeon 5600 only. System level power testing sing Samsung 1.35V DIMMs as compared to Samsung 1.5V DIMMs reduced power by 0.52W per DIMM at active idle, and 1.42W per DIMM under 100% load. Source: Intel internal measurements Feb 2010 using server side java benchmark across a load line. Power measurement at the wall using same system configuration; memory was the only variable changed. See backup for system configuration. * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright 2010, Intel Corporation.

24 Intel Xeon 5600 Refresh Available From February 14, 2011 Advanced 6.4 GT/s QPI 12MB cache DDR Turbo Boost Intel HT Standard 5.86 GT/s QPI 12MB DDR Turbo Boost Intel HT X5670 6C 2.93 GHz X5660 6C 2.80 GHz X5650 6C 2.66 GHz E5640 4C 2.66 GHz E5630 4C 2.53 GHz E5620 4C 2.40 GHz Current Lineup 95W 95W 95W 80W 80W 80W 80W Frequency-optimized X5680 6C 3.33 GHz 130W X5677 4C 3.46 GHz 130W X5667 4C 3.06 GHz 95W Additional Frequency Six Cores at Standard Price Points Additional Frequency ADD DDR (X ) X5690 6C 3.46 GHz 130W X5687 4C 3.60 GHz 130W X5672 4C 3.20 GHz 95W X5675 6C 3.06 GHz X5660 6C 2.80 GHz X5650 6C 2.66 GHz E5649 6C 2.53 GHz E5645 6C 2.40 GHz E5620 4C 2.40 GHz Refresh Lineup 95W 95W 95W 80W 80W 80W 80W L5600 SKUs (unchanged) L5640 6C 2.26 GHz 1 60W X5647 4C 2.93 GHz 130W L5630 4C 2.13 GHz 2 40W L5609 4C 1.86 GHz 3 40W Basic 4.8 GT/s QPI 4M cache DDR3 800 E GHz E GHz E (2C) 80W 80W 80W Xeon 5600 for Basic SKUs ADD Up to 8MB cache DDR AES-NI, TXT E5607 4C 2.26 GHz E5606 4C 2.13 GHz E5603 4C 1.60 GHz 80W 80W 80W 27

25 Intel Xeon 5600 Performance Compared to 2 Socket AMD Opteron 6100 Series Publications AMD Opteron* 6100 Series node 1.45 Intel Xeon Processor 5600 Series Baseline SPECfp_rate*_ base2006 SPECjbb*2005 SPECint*_rate_ base2006 TPC* C SAP-SD* 2 Tier Vmmark* v1.1.1 SPECpower_ ssj*2008 TPC* E SPECint* _base2006 SPECfp* _base2006 Xeon 5600 Maintains Broad Enterprise Leadership 28 Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products. Source: All Intel & AMD* results based on submitted/approved/published results as of June 13, See backup for details. For more information go to

26 A Unified Network with Intel 10G Ethernet Solutions GbE Server Connections 10GbE Server Connections estimated 45% Reduction in Power per Rack estimated 80% Reduction in Cables and Switch ports estimated 15% Reduction in Infrastructure Costs estimated 2x Improved Bandwidth per Server Intel 10 Gigabit X520 10GbE Dual Port (x/k Mezzanine Card) Intel Ethernet Server Adapter X520-DA2 (with optional 10GbE/Gbe SR optics) Intel 10 Gigabit X520- T2 Server Adapter (10GBASE-T) Realize the full potential for Xeon platforms Source: Intel 10GbE ROI calculator. See backup for details Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products. 29

27 Client Intel SSDs: Product Overview 30 High-end Consumers, WorkStation, CAD ` 510 Series Highest Sequential Performance SATA 6Gb/s SSDs Compatible with Intel 6 Series chipset Performance : Sequential R/W 1 : up to 470/315 MB/s Random R/W 1 : up to 20K/5K IOPS 250G and 120G Capacity Corporate IT X25-M, 320 Series Best value TCO storage solution High Performance 3Gb/s SSD Standard Form Factor for Desktops and Notebooks Performance : Sequential R/W 1 : up to 260/210 MB/s Random R/W 1 : up to 40K/22K IOPS 80G, 120G, 160G Capacity Mainstream Consumers ` X25-M, 310 Series, 320 Series, Best value SSD for Consumer PC, Dual Drive or Tablets Compact and Case less 3Gb/s msata OR Standard Form Factor 3Gb/s SSD Performance : Sequential R/W 1 : up to 260/210 MB/s Random R/W 1 : up to 40K/22K IOPS 40G,80G,120G,160G, 300G,600G Capacity 1 : Performance Numbers based on the highest performance on the product lineup in the category 30

28 Oracle and Intel Co-Development Cycle ARCHITECTURE and INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM DESIGNS COMPILERS and TOOLS OPERATING SYSTEM ENABLEMENT MIDDLEWARE and APPs OPTIMIZATION DATABASE OPTIMIZATION

29 Oracle & Intel Engineered To Work Together

30 Intel Xeon Processor E7-8800/4800/2800 Product Family Key Performance Claims Backup Performance claims as of 15 February 2011: 1. Generational: Up to 40% generational compute-intensive throughput claim based on SPECint*_rate_base2006 benchmark comparing next generation Intel Xeon processor E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QPI, formerly codenamed Westmere-EX) scoring 1,010 (includes Intel Compiler XE2011 improvements accounting for about 11% of the performance boost) to X7560 (24M cache, 2.26GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QPI, formerly codenamed Nehalem-EX) scoring 723 (Intel Compiler 11.1). Source: Intel SSG TR# Scalability: Up to 2.8x scaling transaction improvement claim based on internal OLTP benchmark comparing next generation Intel Xeon processor E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QPI, formerly codenamed Westmere-EX) scoring 2.73M transactions (leading database vendor) to X5680 (12M cache, 3.33GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QPI, formerly codenamed Westmere-EP) scoring 970K transactions. Source: Intel SSG TR# Consolidation: Up to 29:1 server consolidation performance with return on investment in less than one year" claim estimated based on comparison between 4S MP Intel Xeon processor 3.33GHz (single-core with Intel HyperThreading Technology, 8M LLC cache, 3.33GHz, 800MHz FSB, formerly code named Potomac) and 4S Intel Xeon processor E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.4GT/s Intel QPI, formerly code named Westmere-EX) based servers. Up to 18:1 server consolidation performance with return on investment in about 14 months" claim estimated based on comparison between 4S MP Intel Xeon processor 7041 (dual-core with Intel HyperThreading Technology, 4M cache, 3.00GHz, 800MHz FSB, formerly code named Paxville) and 4S Intel Xeon processor E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.4GT/s Intel QPI, formerly code named Westmere-EX) based servers. Calculation includes analysis based on performance, power, cooling, electricity rates, operating system annual license costs and estimated server costs. This assumes 42U racks, $0.10 per kwh, cooling costs are 2x the server power consumption costs, operating system license cost of $900/year per server, per server cost of $41,523 based on averaged estimated list prices, and estimated server utilization rates. All dollar figures are approximate. Estimated SPECint*_rate_base2006 performance and power results are measured for Intel Xeon processor E and estimated for Intel Xeon processor 3.33GHz single-core / 7041 dual-core based servers. Platform power was measured during the steady state window of the benchmark run and at idle. Performance gain compared to baseline was 29x for single-core and 18x for dual-core (truncated). * Baseline single-core platform (measured score of 34.1; idle = 480W; active = 780W): Intel server with four MP Intel Xeon processor 3.33GHz processors, 16GB memory (8x 2GB DDR2-400), 1 hard drive, 1 power supply, Microsoft Windows Server* 2008 Enterprise x64 Edition R2 operating system, Intel Compiler 11 built SPECcpu* 2006 November 2009 binaries. Estimated result. * Baseline dual-core platform (estimated score of 54.6; idle = 546W; active = 812W): Intel server with four Intel Xeon processor 7041 processors, 32GB memory (16x 2GB DDR2-400), 1 hard drive, 1 power supply, Microsoft Windows Server* 2008 Enterprise x64 Edition R2 operating system, Intel Compiler 11 built SPECcpu* 2006 November 2009 binaries. Estimated result. * New platform (measured score of 1,000; idle = 552W; active = 1053W): Intel internal reference server with four Intel Xeon processor E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QPI), 256GB memory (64 x Samsung 4GB 2Rx8 PC3L-10600R), 1 hard drive, 3 power supplies, using SUSE* Linux Enterprise Server 11 operating system, Intel C++ and Fortran Composer XE2011 built SPECcpu* 2006 January 2011 binaries. Source: Intel SSG TR# Flexible Virtualization: Up to 25% better virtual machine performance claim based on SPECvirt_sc2010 benchmark comparing next generation Intel Xeon processor E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QPI, formerly codenamed Westmere-EX) scoring 162VMs to X7560 (24M cache, 2.26GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QPI, formerly codenamed Nehalem-EX) scoring 126VMs. Source: Intel SSG TR#

31 Performance/Pricing Backup vs. Power/SPARC Sun SPARC Enterprise M4000 Server (2009): 4 SPARC64 VII processor, 2.66 GHz, 4 cores/processor, 64 GB memory, Solaris 10 9/10, Oracle Solaris Studio 12.2, SPECint_rate_base2006* result: 158, SPECint_rate2006 result: Pricing for Oracle M4000 server, $80,738, 4x 2.66 GHz SPARCVII+, 32 GB memory (16 x 2GB DIMMs), 2x 146 GB 10k RPM SAS HDDs, 1 CD-RW/DVD-RW, Solaris 10 pre-installed as of 3/3/2011 on Oracle.com Oracle SPARC T3-4 (2011): 4x SPARC T3 processors 1.65 GHz, 16 cores/chip, 8 threads/core, 512 GB memory (64 x 8GB DIMMs), Oracle Solaris 10 9/10, Oracle Solaris Studio 12.2, ), SPEC int_rate_base2006 = 614, SPECint_rate2006 = Oracle T3-4 pricing: $86,817.00: 4x SPARC T3 processors 1.65 GHz 16-core, 128 GB memory (32 x 4GB DIMMs), 2 x 300 GB 10k RPM SAS HDDs, Solaris 10 9/10, Oracle VM 2.0, Electronic Prognostics 1.1 pre-installed as of 3/3/2011 on Oracle.com IBM Power 750 Express, 4 Power7 processors, 4 chips, 8 cores/chip, 3.55 GHz with energy optimization up to 3.86 GHz, 256GB DDR3 memory, RedHat Enterprise Linux Server Release 6.0, IBM XL C/C++ for Linux, V11.1 updated with Nov10 PTF, SPECint_rate_base2006 result 1020, SPECint_rate2006 result 1140, IBM Power 750 Express Pricing: 4x 3.55 GHz Power7 processors, 128 GB memory, 2x73.4 GB SFF SAS 15k rpm HDDs. Pricing: $200,000 per call quote on 3/3/2011 for model 8233-E8B13. Intel Xeon Processor E7-4870: Based on Intel Internal measurements SPECint_rate_base2006 result 1010 based on Intel internal measurements with pre-production hardware; assumes Intel Xeon Processor E system price of $40,000 with 4x Intel Xeon processor E7-4870, 128 GB memory, 2 HDDs (Assumes up to 15% higher price vs. current Dell.com price of Dell PowerEdge R910 with 4x Intel Xeon Processor X7560, 128GB (32x4GB DIMMs), 2x 146 GB HDDs price: $34,781 as of 3/31/11.) 35 SPEC, SPECint2006,are trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. See for more information.

32 Benchmark Configuration/Source Details: AMD MC & Intel Xeon 5600 Performance Opteron* 6176 (AMD MC) Score Published Data Source for Configuration Details as of 20 October 2010 Xeon 5600 Series Score html, SPECfp_rate*_ base html SPECjbb* Published Data Source for Configuration Details as of 14 February 2011 Fujitsu PRIMERGY* RX200 S6 server platform with two Intel Xeon processor X5690 (3.46GHz, 12MB L3 cache, 6-core), 48GB memory (12x4GB 2Rx4 PC R-9, ECC), SUSE* Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1, Intel C++ Compiler for Linux32* and Linux64* version 12.0 build Submitted to for publication at 267 as of February 17, New configuration and score: Sun Blade X6270 M2* system with two Intel Xeon processor X5690 (3.46 GHz, 12MB L3, 6.4 GT/s, six-core, 130W TDP), Microsoft Windows Server 2008* R2, Oracle Java Hotspot* VM (JDK 6 Update 25). Submitted to for publication as of February 15, Score: SPECjbb2005 bops= 975,257; SPECjbb2005 bops/jvm= 487,629 jbb html 975,257 SPECint*_rate_ base html Cisco UCS B200 M2* server platform with two Intel Xeon processor X5690 (3.46GHz, 12MB L3 cache, 6- core), 48GB memory (12x4GB PC3L-10600R-9, Dual rank, ECC), SUSE* Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1, Intel C++ Compiler for Linux32* and Linux64* version 12.0 build and Fujitsu PRIMERGY* RX200 S6 server platform with two Intel Xeon processor X5690 (3.46GHz, 12MB L3 cache, 6-core), 48GB memory (12x4GB 2Rx4 PC R-9, ECC), SUSE* Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1, Intel C++ Compiler for Linux32* and Linux64* version 12.0 build Both scores submitted to for publication 389 at 389 as of February 17, TPC Benchmark* C p?id= SAP-SD* 2Tier E2D9D5E00EEF7C3CC4833F260F082CC75E6B0 F0AB085B93C6D51570BE3C F20DF78759DC5B1E5FE79 VMmark* v Dell R715.pdf TPC Benchmark* E p?id= Fujitsu PRIMERGY RX300 S6* platform with 2P/12C/24T Intel Xeon processor X5690 (3.46 GHz, 12MB L3, 6.4 GT/s, 6-core, 130W TDP). Submitted for publication at $ USD / tpse. Report date: February 14, SPECpower_ ssj*2008 (single node) 2426 (Opteron* ) q4/power_ssj html (Xeon X5675) SPECfp*_base html 61.8 Hewlett-Packard DL380 G7* server platform with two Intel Xeon processor X5675 (3.06 GHz, 6-core, 95W), 16 GB memory, Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Enterprise* x64, IBM J9* JVM. Result submitted for publication to at 3,197 ssj_ops/watt as of 14 February Dell PowerEdge R610* server platform with two Intel Xeon processor X5687 (3.60 GHz, 12MB L3, 6.4 GT/s, 4-core, 130W TDP), 48GB memory, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server* (SLES) 11 SP1, Intel C++ Compiler 12.0 build Submitted to for publication at 61.8 as of February 14, SPECint*_base html Dell PowerEdge R610* server platform with two Intel Xeon processor X5687 (3.60 GHz, 12MB L3, 6.4 GT/s, 4-core, 130W TDP), 48GB memory, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server* (SLES) 11 SP1, Intel C++ Compiler 12.0 build Submitted to for publication at 45.1 as of February 14, * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, visit Intel Performance Benchmark Limitations

33 Configuration/Source Details: AMD MC & Intel Xeon E7 Performance Comparison Details Best published or submitted 2-socket (2S) Intel Xeon processor E (10C, 2.40GHz) compared to best published 2S AMD Opteron processor 6174 (2.2GHz), 6176 (2.3GHz), or 6180SE (2.5GHz) results as of 5 April Floating-Point Throughput (SPECfp*_rate_base2006) 1.19x 2S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Cisco UCS* C260 M2 server platform with two Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 512GB memory, Intel C++ Compiler XE2011, SUSE* Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1. Referenced as submitted base score of 365. Source: submitted to SPEC.org. 2S AMD Opteron* 6180SE based platform details Dell PowerEdge* R715 server platform using two AMD Opteron* processors model 6180SE ( Magny-Cours 2.50GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published at 308 base score. Source: SPECompM*base x Single-node 2S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Cisco UCS B230 M2 server platform with two Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 128GB memory, binaries built with Intel Compiler XE2011, SUSE* Enterprise LINUX 11. Referenced as submitted SPECompMbase2001 score of 67,926. Source: submitted to SPEC.org. SPECompM* results on Intel Xeon processor E based server was obtained using 40 OpenMP threads over two sockets. Single-node 2S AMD Opteron* 6174 based platform details SGI Rackable C1001-G5 server platform using two AMD Opteron* processors model 6174 ( Magny-Cours 2.20GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published at 52,374 base score. Source: SPECompM* results on AMD Opteron* processor 6174 based server was obtained using 24 OpenMP threads over two sockets. Integer Throughput (SPECint*_rate_base2006) 1.42x 2S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details 37 Cisco UCS* C260 M2 server platform with two Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 512GB memory, Intel C++

34 Configuration/Source Details: AMD MC & Intel Xeon E7 Performance Server-side Java* middleware (SPECjbb*2005) 1.43x 2S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Cisco UCS* C260 M2 server platform with two Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 512GB memory, Microsoft Windows Server* 2008 Enterprise x64 Edition SP1, Oracle Java* 6 Update 24 JVM. Referenced as published at 1,335,019 bops and 667,510 bops/jvm SPECjbb2005 bops/jvm. Source: submitted to SPEC.org. 2S AMD Opteron* 6176 based platform details HP ProLiant* DL165 G7 server platform using two AMD Opteron* processors model 6176 ( Magny-Cours 2.30GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published at 934,133 SPECjbb2005 bops and 233,533 SPECjbb2005 bops/jvm. Source: SPECompL*base x Single-node 2S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Cisco UCS B230 M2 server platform with two Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 128GB memory, binaries built with Intel Compiler XE2011, SUSE Enterprise Linux 11.0 SP1. Referenced as submitted base score of 373,522. Source: submitted to SPEC.org. SPECompL* results on Intel Xeon processor E based server was obtained using 40 OpenMP threads over two sockets. Single-node 2S AMD Opteron* 6174 based platform details SGI Rackable C1001-G5 server platform using two AMD Opteron* processors model 6174 ( Magny-Cours 2.20GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published at 255,209 base score. Source: SPECompL* results on AMD Opteron* processor 6174 based server was obtained using 24 OpenMP threads over two sockets. Enterprise Resource Planning (SAP* SD 2-tier Unicode) 1.49x 2S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Hewlett-Packard ProLiant* BL620c G7 server platform with two Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 256GB memory, Microsoft SQL Server* 2008 database, Microsoft Windows Server* 2008 R2 Enterprise x64 Edition, SAP* Enhancement package 4 for SAP* ERP 6.0. Referenced as submitted score of 6,703 benchmark users. Source: the SAP certification number was not available at press time and can be found at the following Web page: 2S AMD Opteron* 6176 based platform details 38 HP* ProLiant* BL465c G7 server platform using two AMD Opteron* processors model 6176 ( Magny-Cours, 2.30GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published score of 4,496 benchmark

35 Configuration/Source Details: AMD MC & Intel Xeon E7 Performance Comparison Details Best published or submitted 4-socket (4S) Intel Xeon processor E (10C, 2.40GHz) compared to best published 4S AMD Opteron processor 6174 (2.2GHz)^, 6176SE (2.3GHz), or 6180SE (2.5GHz) results as of 5 April Integer Throughput (SPECint*_rate_base2006) 1.43x 4S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Cisco UCS* C460 M2 server platform with four Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 1024GB memory, Intel C++ Compiler XE2011, Red Hat* Enterprise LINUX 6. Referenced as submitted base score of Source: submitted to SPEC.org. 4S AMD Opteron* 6180SE based platform details HP ProLiant* DL585 G7 server platform using four AMD Opteron* processors model 6180SE ( Magny-Cours 2.50GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published at 722 base score. Source: Server-side Java* middleware (SPECjbb*2005) 1.46x 4S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Oracle Sun Fire* X4470 M2 server platform with four Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 512GB memory, Oracle Java* 6 Update 25 JVM, Microsoft Windows Server* 2008 R2 Enterprise x64 Edition SP1. Referenced as submitted score of 2,703,740 bops and 675,935 bops/jvm. Source: submitted to SPEC.org. 4S AMD Opteron* 6176SE based platform details IBM System x*3755m3 server platform using four AMD Opteron* processors model 6176SE ( Magny-Cours 2.30GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published at 1,847,413 SPECjbb2005 bops and 230,927 SPECjbb2005 bops/jvm. Source: Enterprise Resource Planning (SAP* SD 2-tier Unicode) 1.48x 4S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details IBM System x* 3850 X5 server platform with four Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 512GB memory, IBM DB2 9.7 database, Microsoft Windows Server* 2008 R2 Enterprise x64 Edition. Referenced as submitted score of 14,000 benchmark users. The SAP certification number was not available at press time and can be found at the following Web page: S AMD Opteron* 6180SE based platform details HP* ProLiant* DL585 G7 server platform using four AMD Opteron* processors model 6180SE ( Magny-Cours, 2.50GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published score of 9,450 benchmark users.

36 Configuration/Source Details: AMD MC & Intel Xeon E7 Performance Datacenter Virtualized Server Management (VMmark* 2) 1.68x 4S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details 2x 4-socket Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Cisco UCS C460 M2 server platform with four Intel Xeon processor E (30MB cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QPI), 512GB memory, VMware ESX 4.1 U1 Build Referenced as self-publication at tiles. For more information, see 4S AMD Opteron* 6180SE based platform details HP ProLiant* DL585 G7 server platform with four AMD Opteron* Processor 6180SE (12M cache, 2.50GHz, 12C). Referenced as published score of 13 tiles. Source: OLTP Brokerage Database (TPC Benchmark* E) 1.69x 4S Intel Xeon processor E based platform details Hewlett-Packard ProLiant* DL580 G7 server platform with four Intel Xeon processors E (30M cache, 2.40GHz, 6.40GT/s Intel QuickPath Interconnect (Intel QPI)), 512GB memory, Microsoft SQL Server* 2008 R2 Enterprise x64 Edition database, Microsoft Windows Server* 2008 R2 Enterprise x64 Edition. Referenced as submitted score of 2475 $292 USD/tpsE available October 5, S AMD Opteron* 6174 based platform details HP ProLiant* BL685c G7 blade server platform using four AMD Opteron* processors model 6174 (4P/48C/48T, Magny-Cours 2.20GHz, 12-Core). Referenced as published at 1464 $ USD/tpsE available 6/21/10. Source: as of 21 June