Algemene Theorie en Vaardigheden 2. April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 1

Transcription

1 Les 6 Showcontrol April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 1

2 OSI layers versus equipment Layer 1: Physical Network Interface Card (NIC) Hub (multiport repeater) Modem (modulator/demodulator, converts signals) Layer 2: Data Link Bridge and (layer 2) Switch (use MAC address) Layer 3: Network Router and (layer 3) Switch (use IP-address) Layer 4 and higher Gateways (translate between protocols e.g. NetBIOS TCP/IP) April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 2

3 TCP, UDP and IP Layer 1 and 2: Ethernet Layer 3: Internet Protocol (IP) Layer 4: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Use Datagram Protocol (UDP) TCP/IP UDP/IP April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 3

4 HTTP, FTP, SMTP Layer 5-7: Hyper Tekst Transfer Protocol (HTTP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Simple Mail transfer Protocol (SMTP) April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 4

5 IP IP is the network layer packet delivery service (host-to-host). translation between different data-link protocols. IP provides connectionless, unreliable delivery of IP datagrams. Connectionless: each datagram is independent of all others. Unreliable: there is no guarantee that datagrams are delivered correctly or at all. IP addresses are not the same as the underlying data-link (MAC) addresses. Why? April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 5

6 IP IP addresses are not the same as the underlying data-link (MAC) addresses. Why? IP is a network layer - it must be capable of providing communication between hosts on different kinds of networks (different data-link implementations). The address must include information about what network the receiving host is on. This makes routing feasible. April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 6

7 IP IP addresses are logical addresses (not physical) 32 bits. Includes a network ID and a host ID. Every host must have a unique IP address. IP addresses are assigned by a central authority (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers -- ICANN) April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 7

8 IP-klassen A 0 NetID HostID B 10 NetID HostID C 110 NetID HostID D 1110 Multicast Group ID 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 8

9 Class A 128 possible network IDs over 4 million host IDs per network ID Class B 16K possible network IDs 64K host IDs per network ID Class C over 2 million possible network IDs about 256 host IDs per network ID April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 9

10 IP A Network ID is assigned to an organization by a global authority. Host IDs are assigned locally by a system administrator. Both the Network ID and the Host ID are used for routing. April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 10

11 IP IP Addresses are usually shown in dotted decimal notation: = ( Class B Network April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 11

12 TCP/IP, UDP/IP IP no guarantee of delivery, just best effort. Backbone, postal delivery / IPv4 32 bit uinique number / IPv6 upcoming, but for the time being IPv4 will be used most in showcontrol - Network Identifier - Host Identifier - Network Classes TCP virtual circuit connection, guarantees that message reaches destination, handshake motion control, pyro technics UDP unreliable but faster, no handshake where speed is more important e.g. Video content April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 12

13 TCP/IP, UDP/IP Private IP Adresses Closed network, not connected to Internet Ranges: Loop Back Address mostly Link-Local Addresses Zeroconf address, if you don t get an IP from DHCP Probably problems with network or DHCP server April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 13

14 TCP/IP, UDP/IP DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Lease IP Address 1: Request IP address = UDP packet to : IF DHCP server is present it replies with IP address 3: ACKnowlegde and message to all (Gratuitous ARP) April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 14

15 TCP/IP, UDP/IP Fixed/Static IP addresses Done manually Can be advantageous is show applications Simplifiy the network structure Easy replacement of broken devices At this moment, most show networks use fixed IP addresses April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 15

16 TCP/IP, UDP/IP IPCONFIG (windows) IFCONFIG (apple) PING IP Address To easy check if the devices are working properly To test connectivity Uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 16

17 PING Pingen naar rr.knams.wikimedia.org [ ] met 32 byte gegevens: Antwoord van : bytes=32 tijd=8 ms TTL=54 Antwoord van : bytes=32 tijd=9 ms TTL=54 Antwoord van : bytes=32 tijd=9 ms TTL=54 Antwoord van : bytes=32 tijd=9 ms TTL=54 Ping-statistieken voor : Pakketten: verzonden = 4, ontvangen = 4, verloren = 0 (0% verlies). De gemiddelde tijd voor het uitvoeren van één bewerking in milliseconden: Minimum = 8ms, Maximum = 9ms, Gemiddelde = 9ms Try it, ping me!..>ping -? Shows help April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 17

18 SUBNETS A subnetwork, or subnet, is a logically visible subdivision of an IP network. IP Subnet AND gives Subnet ID: Every IP address you want to access on your network, has to match exactly the range of the subnet your in. April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 18

19 ARP Address Resolution Protocol Resolves physical MAC addresses (layer 2) with IP addresses (layer 3) 1: you know the IP, but not the MAC address. 2: Machine A sends an ARP-Request, asking who is IP 3: Machine with that IP send its MAC address to machine A ARP a command shows the ARP cache..>arp -? Shows help April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 19

20 Ports and Sockets Multiple software processes all wanting to access the network. ports, indentified by numbers IP + port = socket 20/TCP: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 22/TCP: Secure Shell (SSH) 23/TCP: Telnet 25/TCP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 80/TCP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 110/TCP: Post Office Protocol (POP3) 443/TCP: Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) 546/TCP: DHCP Client 547/TCP: DHCP Server 569/TCP: Multiple Subscriber Number (MSN) 993/TCP: Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) over TLS/SSL 995/TCP: POP3 over TLS/SSL April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 20

21 Study by yourself: Chapter 18, Advanced Show Network Topics (o.a. VLAN) Part 4, Standards an Protocols used in Entertainment Part 5, Show Control (especially Chapter 28 / design process) April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 21

22 Les 6 DMX DMX Repetitive data approach User-configures addresses 512 slots per universe Modern fixtures use many DMX channels good design and administration needed 5-pin XLR, receivers male, transmitters female Alternatively, much smaller RJ-45 is used. April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 22

23 Les 6 DMX DMX 8-bit data, asynchronously, serial 250 kbit/s, no parity, two stop bits After start code, slot 1 first, slot 512 last Refresh rate is determined by console April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 23

24 Les 6 DMX DMX Always daisy chained Last device should be terminated with 120Ω Up to 32 devices per link (not advisable) Splittin, isolation and grounding DMX over a network Art-Net (version 3 supports DMX universes) ACN (and Streaming ACN: sacn) April 2014 Theaterschool OTT-2 24