Civil War Notes. 16 th president of the United States

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1 Civil War Notes People to Know with their accomplishments Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant Abraham Lincoln Mary Todd Lincoln Joshua Chamberlin Thomas Stonewall Jackson Brilliant Confederate general, who considered himself a Virginian more than an American United States general who helped bring the US to victory during the Civil War He was considered a war hero and later was elected president of the United States 16 th president of the United States Wife of Abraham Lincoln Bowdoin college professor who lead the 20 th Maine Regiment to victory at the Battle of Little Round Top at Gettysburg he came back to Maine a war hero and later was elected governor Brilliant confederate general who died of an infection after being shot in the arm by friendly fire Harriet Beecher Stowe Wife of a Bowdoin college professor who wrote Uncle Tom s Cabin. The book taught Americans about the horrors of slavery. When he met her for the first time, Abraham Lincoln reportedly told her, so you are the little lady who started the war. Matthew Brady Photographer of the Civil War Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America George McClellan American soldier and Union commander in the. 1

2 William Tecumseh Sherman Clara Barton John Wilkes Booth Dred Scott John Brown Pauline Cushman Belle Boyd United States general in the American Civil War He is best remembered for his march through the south, which destroyed many Southern plantations An American nurse who founded the Red Cross She was a volunteer nurse during the Civil War. An actor who assassinated Abraham Lincoln A slave who sued the government for his freedom- landmark case of the 1850s in which the Supreme Court of the United States declared that African Americans were not U.S. citizens, even when free. They were considered property. Chief Justice Roger Taney declared blacks were so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. Taney concluded that blacks could never be citizens of the United States, even if they were born in the country and considered to be citizens of the states in which they lived. This also meant that Dred Scott had no right to sue for his freedom in a federal court. American abolitionist who fought to end slavery He was captured in Virginia and hanged. A United States spy during the Civil War A Confederate spy during the Civil War 2

3 Nathan Bedford ForrestPlanter and Confederate cavalry general, first leader and long time member of the Ku Klux Klan Frederick Douglas the most prominent African American speaker, journalist, and antislavery leader of the 19th century Harriet Tubman an African American who fled slavery and then guided runaway slaves to freedom using the Underground Railroad James Ewell Brown Stuart Confederate cavalry officer, whose reconnaissance (spy) missions made him a popular hero Words to Know Word Forty-niner boomtown dispute Free state Slave state union secede confederate Yankee Definition Person who went to look for gold in 1849 A town filled with many people just arriving and trying to make money To argue with words, a conflict A state that didn t allow slavery A state that did allow slavery The United States When a state leaves the United States A person who fought against the United States during the Civil War A Northerner or person on the side of the United States during the Civil War 3

4 rebel Civil war mobilize volunteer blockade siege amputation contraband emancipation Underground Railroad proclamation injustice Home front Civilian inflation draft address desertion A Southerner or person who sided with the Confederate States of America during the Civil War A war within a country To prepare for war A person who chooses to join the military An attempt to stop all traffic so that goods cannot be shipped When an army surrounds a city and tries to force the citizens to give up When a body part is cut off to stop an infection from spreading Property that one army seizes from another during a war Freedom from slavery The secret trail to freedom for slaves from the South to the North An official announcement Something one person does to another that is wrong The country of a people who are at war A person who is not in the military When items that people want to buy cost more and more, and the money that people have becomes worth less and less A system of choosing people and forcing them to serve in the military An official speech When a soldier runs away from the military 4

5 assassination Share cropping reconstruction impeach scalawag Carpet bagger segregation Ku Klux Klan Civil Rights Jim Crow Laws A murder that happens for political reasons A system in which landowners rent land in return for a portion of the renters crops A plan to rebuild the South after the Civil War Reconstruction is also the time period after the Civil War. For Congress to accuse a President of being unfit to hold office Governors can also be impeached. A name given to a white southerner who supported the United States A word southerners used to describe Northerners who came to the South after the war Suitcases at the time were carpet bags. The practice of separating people based on their race An organized group that hated blacks and other minorities They wore white sheets to hide their identity and often harassed and murdered people at night. People s rights Laws that made discrimination against Blacks legal in the South Timeline of Important Events Date and Event More facts 5

6 , South Carolina secedes , The Confederate States of America is formed Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as president The Civil War begins in South Carolina The Confederate States of America has 11 states, 4 million slaves and 5 million free citizens. The United States had 21 states and a population of 20 million free citizens Willie Lincoln dies from drinking polluted White House water battle Antietam 26,000 men are killed, wounded or missing from 1 day of fighting Lee retreats to Virginia This is the bloodiest day in American history Emancipation Lincoln declares that the slaves Proclamation are free Gettysburg The tide of the war begins to turn against the South 6

7 Gettysburg Address Gettysburg Address, a famous speech delivered by United States president Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He presented it at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery, honoring those who died in the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg earlier that year. Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal March to Atlanta and then to the Sea begins General Sherman is remembered for his campaign in Georgia and the Carolinas in which his Union troops devastated the Southern landscape and resources Lincoln is reelected to a second term as President of the United States th Amendment Outlaws slavery in the United States 7

8 General Lee surrenders to General Grant Lincoln is assassinated After the battle at Appomattox, Virginia mindful of Lincoln s wish to avoid needless bloodshed, Grant sent Lee a note pointing out his hopeless condition and inviting surrender. Lee, who was aware of his desperate situation, asked for terms. On the morning of April 9 the two commanders met at a private home in Appomattox Court House. Grant asked only that the officers and men of the Army of Northern Virginia surrender and give their word not to take up arms against the United States until properly exchanged. Lee accepted the terms. 8

9 Union Army Casualties Killed in action or mortally wounded 110,100 Killed in action 67,088 Mortally wounded 43,012 Died of disease 224,580 Died as prisoners of war 30,192 Other types of non-battle deaths: 24,881 Accidents 4,114 Drowned 4,944 Murdered 520 Killed after capture 104 Suicide 391 Executed by Federal 267 authorities Executed by the enemy 64 Sunstroke 313 Other causes 2,043 Cause not stated 12,121 Total Deaths 389,753 Wounded in Action 275,175 Total casualties, 1861 to , Confederate Army Casualties (statistics incomplete) Killed in action or mortally wounded 94,000 Died of disease 164,000 Died as prisoners of war 31,000 Total Deaths 289,000 Wounded in action 194,026 Total casualties, 1861 to ,026 Adapted from What Caused the? 9

10 (Fort Scott National Historic Site) There were many reasons for a Civil War to happen in America, and political issues and disagreements began soon after the American Revolution ended in Between the years 1800 and 1860, arguments between the North and South grew more intense. One of the main quarrels was about taxes paid on goods brought into this country from foreign countries. This tax was called a tariff. Southerners felt these tariffs were unfair and aimed toward them because they imported a wider variety of goods than most Northern people. Taxes were also placed on many Southern goods that were shipped to foreign countries, an expense that was not always applied to Northern goods of equal value. An awkward economic structure allowed states and private transportation companies to do this, which also affected Southern banks that found themselves paying higher interest rates on loans made with banks in the North. The situation grew worse after several "panics", including one in 1857 that affected more Northern banks than Southern. Southern financiers found themselves burdened with high payments just to save Northern banks that had suffered financial losses through poor investment. In the years before the Civil War the political power in the Federal government, centered in Washington, D.C., was changing. Northern and mid-western states were becoming more and more powerful as the populations increased. Southern states lost political power because the population did not increase as rapidly. As one portion of the nation grew larger than another, people began to talk of the nation as sections. This was called sectionalism. Just as the original thirteen colonies fought for their independence almost 100 years earlier, the Southern states felt a growing need for freedom from the central Federal authority in Washington. Southerners believed that state laws carried more weight than Federal laws, and they should 10

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