WORLD WAR 1 TIME PERIOD: TO US JOINS: name Mrs. Siesto Social Studies 8

Transcription

1 WORLD WAR 1 TIME PERIOD: TO US JOINS: name Mrs. Siesto Social Studies 8

2 WORLD WAR 1 VOCAB

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5 WHAT CAUSED WW1 TO START IN EUROPE? LONG-TERM CAUSES: M: Building up a strong example: built up its, therefore, did too LED TO stress b/w nations. A: Nations make with other nations for (like teams) examples: Triple Entente = Triple Alliance = I: Race for in Africa & Middle East (increases ) N: for your country that is SO intense you put your ahead of world cooperation examples: FRANCE vs GERMANY compete for Alsace-Lorraine s RUSSIA vs A-H Russia offers to help against A-H

6 SHORT TERM CAUSE: o Assassination of Archduke (heir to the throne of ) by a Nationalist ( ).

7 World war one On Your Map Color in the Players of WW1: Allied Powers, Central Powers & Neutral nations: ALLIED POWERS CENTRAL POWERS NEUTRAL NATIONS Great Britain + Ireland * Germany * Spain France * Austria-Hungary * Netherlands Serbia * Ottoman Empire * Luxembourg Russia (Finland too) Bulgaria Denmark Belgium Romania Italy Montenegro Norway Sweden Switzerland Albania *You will only be responsible for the major players on each side.

8 WORLD WAR 1: VIDEO QUESTIONS The European Conflict 1. What neutral country did Germany invade? 2. How many fought in WW1? How many wounded? How many died? FOUGHT = WOUNDED= DIED= 3. Where was the Western Front? 4. In what did the soldiers in France fight? 5. Name 2 things found in the trenches. 6. What was the land between the trenches called? 7. What were factories used for? 8. Give 4 examples of weapons produced:

9 9. What was the nickname of the German flying ace? How many Allied planes did he shoot down? 10. What did the Germans use that angered the US? 11. What was the result of the British blockade against Germany?

10 The main weapon used by British soldiers in the trenches was the bolt-action rifle. 15 rounds could be fired in a minute and a person 1,400 meters away could be killed. Machine guns needed 4-6 men to work them and had to be on a flat surface. They had the fire-power of 100 guns. Large field guns (artillery) had a long range and could deliver devastating blows to the enemy but needed up to 12 men to work them. They fired shells which exploded on impact The German army was the first to use chlorine gas at the battle of Ypres in Chlorine gas causes a burning sensation in the throat and chest pains. Death is painful you suffocate! The problem with chlorine gas is that the weather must be right. Mustard gas was the most deadly weapon used. It was fired into the trenches in shells. It is colourless and takes 12 hours to take effect. Effects include blistering skin, vomiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding. Death can take up to 5 weeks. The Zeppelin, also known as blimp, was an airship that was used during the early part of the war in bombing raids by the Germans. They carried machine guns and bombs. However, they were abandoned because they were easy to shoot out of the sky. Tanks were used for the first time in the First World War at the battle of the Somme. They were developed to cope with the conditions on the Western Front. The first tank was called Little Willie and needed a crew of 3. Its maximum speed was 3mph and it could not cross trenches. The more modern tank was not developed until just before the end of the war. It could carry 10 men, had a revolving turret and could reach 4mph.

11 Planes were also used for the first time. At first they were used to deliver bombs and for spying work but became fighter aircraft armed with machine guns, bombs and sometimes canons. Fights between two planes in the sky became known as dogfights Torpedoes were used by submarines. The Germans used torpedoes to blow up ships carrying supplies from America to Britain. The Germans torpedoed the passenger liner Lusitania on May 1st 1915 which sank with a loss of 1,195 lives. Americans were outraged and joined the war in 1917 on the side of the allies. World War I Weapons Crossword 1 2 Across 3 This colorless gas is deadly Used by all soldiers in World War One 8 Name of the first tank little 10 A fight between two planes 11 Also known as Blimp Down 1 This gas was first used at Ypres in Tanks were first used at this battle (5) 4 These weapons were used by submarines 6 This American liner was blown up 7 This gun needed 4-6 men to work it 11 9 This type of gun fired shells

12 ****UP TO THIS POINT, THE US IS. WILSON WANTS TO ARRANGE PEACE TALKS TO END THE WAR PEACE WITHOUT US ENTERS THE WAR FOR 3 REASONS: 1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare by Germany US economy is trading to the Allied Powers ( ) and the Central Powers ( ). Germany begins to sink ships containing going to Allied countries. A German U-boat (submarine) sinks the Lusitania, a British ship killing passengers. 2. The Zimmerman Telegram The British intercept a message (note) from to.

13 Message: Mexico would the US if the US declares war on. In return, Germany would help Mexico. 3. Russian Revolution Riots protested and the (Russian version of a king) was forced to step down. Wilson was not comfortable fighting on the same side as an.

14 WORLD WAR 1: VIDEO QUESTIONS America Joins the Ranks 1. In what year did the US join? 2. How did most Americans feel about the war? 3. How did US trade with England compare with US trade with Germany? 4. Reasons the US joined the war: a. What caused US attitude to change? b. Zimmerman Note Mexico was promised if they fought with Germany? 5. Who did the US specifically declare war on? 6. How did the US guarantee it had enough soldiers? 7. What did women serve as?

15 8. How were A-As treated? a. Give 1 detail about the Harlem Hell-Fighters.

16 Homefront: US INVOLVEMENT IN THE WAR 1. To raise $ the gov t created or loans to the gov t. a. helped raise support for the bond drives. 2. Food rationing meant more of farm crops could go to soldiers. a. gardens made sure families had enough food. 3. was recycled into tanks & planes Jobs women took over for men: & even though they couldn t yet. At the Front: 5. Problem of the trenches was stalemate, which meant. 6. The war turned for the Allies b/c Treaty of Versailles: 7. Date of the end of the war 8. Meeting place to write the treaty

17 9. Big 4 wrote the treaty reps from the US,, & Italy. 10. Wilson had hoped for peace w/o BUT he didn t get his way. o Terms of the Treaty:

18 WORLD WAR ONE MAJOR BATTLES The battles of World War I raged for about four years from With more than 30 million casualties, it is impossible to list all of the battles of this terrible war. Below are some of the most important battles as well as their significance. First Battle of the Marne September 1914 The First Battle of the Marne was one of the most important battles of World War I because it ended Allied hopes of a quick ending for the war. About 100,000 soldiers were killed or injured. Second Battle of Ypres April At the Second Battle of Ypres the German military used the first large scale poison gas attack in the history of warfare. They launched chlorine gas against French troops and the devastating effects shocked both sides preventing the Germans from fully taking advantage of the results. Although the battle itself did not result in significant gains for either side, the introduction of poison gas changed warfare forever. Battle of Verdun February 1916 The Battle of Verdun was the longest military engagement of World War I, lasting almost ten months and resulting in nearly one million casualties. Battle of Jutland May 1916 The Battle of Jutland was originally claimed as a victory for the German naval forces, however, the battle ultimately left the German fleet with few seaworthy vessels and their strategy began to rely almost exclusively on their u-boats. The Germans would not again try to break the lines of the British fleet again during World War I. Battle of Passchendaele July The Battle of Passchendaele, sometimes known as the Third Battle of Ypres, is one of the best, and most horrific, examples of trench warfare. Over 300,000 Allied and 250,000 Central Power soldiers died in this four month battle with little gained on either side although the British and Canadian forces leading the offensive were able to claim a technical victory. Battle of the Somme March 1918 The Battle of the Somme was the first major battle for United States forces in World War I. It was also the first large offensive move on the part of Germany in more than a year. Ultimately the Germans gained 40 miles at the cost of hundreds of thousands of causalities.

19 Battle of Amiens August During the Battle of Amiens the Allies were able to push 15 miles into the German lines. Approximately 12,000 German troops surrendered and German leaders realized they would soon have to bargain for peace. WORLD WAR ONE MAJOR BATTLES FIRST BATTLE OF THE MARNE ended Allied hopes of SECOND BATTLE OF YPRES major change to modern warfare because BATTLE OF VERDUN longest battle of the war, lasting almost resulting in

20 BATTLE OF JUTLAND (do NOT just copy summarize) BATTLE OF PASSCHENDAELE 4 month battle in which not much territory was gained even though BATTLE OF THE SOMME first major battle the was involved in. Germans won, capturing. BATTLE OF AMIENS The Germans realized

21 WORLD WAR 1 ENDS Wilson hoped to achieve before the US was dragged into war. This did not work BUT he does want to help negotiate a fair treaty. When the Allies meet to discuss the treaty they over how should be treated. o England & France say! o United States says! Woodrow Wilson brings his to the meeting. o They are his for. o They are meant to. o 14 th Point = US Senate does want the League of Nations! The ends World War 1 & is signed at the of. THE TREATY SAYS: 1. Germany must accept. 2. Germany must give up its &. 3. Germany must pay in (war costs). 4. of Nations is formed (!!!!!!!)

22 The US rejects the Treaty of Versailles SOOOO. the US.

23 name WW1 ESSENTIAL?S 1. EXPLAIN the causes of war in EUROPE: 35 a. Long-Term: [8 pts] b. Short-Term: [2 pts] 2. EXPLAIN why the U.S. got involved. [6 pts] 3. Describe the new warfare technique. Was it effective? Why / why not? [4 pts] 4. List 4 new weapons used in WW1: [4 pts]

24 5. What is propaganda? How was it used in the war? [4 pts] 6. Treaty of Versailles: a. What is it? [2pts] b. Did it work? Why / why not? [5 pts]

25 WW1 REVIEW SHEET WAR IN EUROPE 1. Describe each of the long-term causes of tension in Europe (4 total): M Militarism each nation raced to have the best military; caused tension & fear b/w nations. 2. What was the short-term cause of the war? 3. How did this cause lead to a European war? 4. List the 2 alliances in Europe before the war, their names once the war began & the major countries in each alliance. Triple Entente France, Russia, & Great Britain became the Allied Powers when Serbia joined 5. As war was starting in Europe, what role did the US play? 6. Trench warfare was the primary method of battles. What problems were associated with trenches? Was this type of warfare effective? Why/why not? 7. What weapons did the Germans use during WW1? Were they effective? Why/why not?

26 US Joins the War 8. Name & describe the 2 reasons the US declared war on Germany: Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare the Lusitania was sunk by u- boats & 128 Americans were killed 9. What was the War Industries Board? What was its purpose? It was set up to give the gov t control over the economy. It told factories what to produce (war supplies). 10. How did the role of women change? Women started to take men s jobs in factories 11. How did the role of African-Americans change? Give 2 examples. Started to move North to work in factories got jobs easier 12. How did President Wilson s feeling toward the war change over time? (include make the world safe for democracy ) 13. What role did propaganda play in the war? WW1 Ends 14. What was the 14 Points? League of Nations? Was the League successful? Why/why not? 15. How did the Allies feelings differ from Americans feelings? DATES YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW: Start of WW1 in Europe= US Joined the War= WW1 Ended=