Men in Nursing History: Ten Nurses You Should Know

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1 Men in Nursing History: Ten Nurses You Should Know Dale M. Pfrimmer, MS, RN, NE-BC Nurse Administrator Michael A. Rysavy, RN, BSN, BA, PHN ICU Staff Nurse Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota

2 Learning Objectives 1. List at least five men who played a significant role in nursing s history. 2. Describe the professional contributions of these individuals. 3. Explain the impact of these men on current nursing practice.

4 The Problem With Lists

5 Ten Nurses You Should Know Brig. Gen. William T. Bester, MSN, NEA- BC, CRNA, RN Michael Bleich, PhD, RN, FAAN, FNAP Peter Buerhaus, PhD, RN, FAAN Luther Christman, RN, PhD, FAAN LeRoy Craig, RN John F. Garde, MS, CRNA, FAAN 2nd Lt. Edward T. Lyon Tim Porter O Grady, RN, DM, EdD, ScD(h), FAAN John Devereaux Thompson, RN, MS Russell Tranbarger, RN, EdD, FAAN

RN, FAAN Luther Christman, RN, PhD, FAAN LeRoy Craig, RN John F.

6 What percentage of the 88 American Nurses Association Hall of Fame inductees are men? A. 0 B. 6% C. 12% D. 20% /AboutANA/Honoring- Nurses/HallofFame/InducteesListedAlphabetically

7 The graduating class of 1899 of the Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Courtesy of Victoria General Hospital Nurses Alumni Archives.

8 In 1896, the first convention of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada was held. In 1911, this organization became the American Nurses Association. When was the Men Nurses Section of the ANA formed? A B C D. 1960

In 1911, this organization became the American Nurses

9 USS Solace Nurses- circa 1890s Brooklyn Navy Yard Hospital -1890s

10 The Army Nurse Corps was established in In what year did the first man receive commission in the ANC? A.1925 B.1935 C.1945 D.1955

11 LeRoy Craig, RN Graduated 1912 from McLean Hospital Training School for Nurses in Waverly, Mass

12 Pennsylvania Hospital School of Nursing for Men Founded 1914 Craig named director First male director of school of nursing in the US

14 Craig was the first substantial advocate for men in nursing in modern times. His voice was unparalleled in a time of rapid change for nurses and for health care. He refused to accept the direction others were setting for the future of men in nursing. O Lynn (2013). Pg 34

15 Tim Porter O Grady, RN, DM, EdD, ScD(h), FAAN Over 175 professional journal articles 22 books 8-time winner of the AJN Healthcare Book of the Year Award Does what you do make a difference?

16 "Quantum Leadership" is used in over 250 university graduate programs Complexity Science, Complex Adaptive Systems

17 Innovative, nimble, change agility The Mañana Moment You have to go paperless Please, men, always remember that nursing is predominantly a woman s profession but caring isn t- it is universal.

19 John Devereax Thompson, RN, MS Let the data lead you

20 White (2003), pg 176.

22 Peter Buerhaus, PhD, RN, FAAN BSN from Mankato State University Master s Degree in Nursing Health Services Administration from the University of Michigan PhD at Wayne State University Over 80 peer-reviewed articles Co-authored The Future of Nursing Workforce in the United States: Data, trends, and Implications

23 Nurse staffing levels linked to mortality risk, NEJM 2011 Registered Nurses Are Delaying Retirement, a Shift That Has Contributed to Recent Growth in the Nurse Workforce

24 Peter Buerhaus, PhD, RN, FAAN

25 Nursing Workforce nursing shortage is not only a workforce issue, but is a patient quality and safety issue (Smith, 2007) Complexity of Nurse Staffing no two patients are alike just like no two nurses are alike (Douglas & Kerfoot, 2011) Ratios are a bankrupt idea (Douglas & Kerfoot, 2011)

27 Russell Tranbarger, RN, EdD, FAAN Photo courtesy of LaRocco 1958 was the first man elected President of the Illinois State Student Nurses Association Alexian Brothers Hospital School of Nursing in Chicago, Class of 1959 Obtained BSN from DePaul University, MSN from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Doctorate from North Carolina State University

28 Most proud of his 1) Changes implemented as Vice President of Nursing at Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital in Greensboro SC; and 2) His work on the North Carolina Nurse Practice Act of 1981 Pollitt (2010)

29 I never got anything because I was a man, but because of my skills, knowledge, and abilities. The first man this and first man that angle does not capture the story It was because of my ability and willingness to do the work, my willingness to say what needed to be said when others wouldn t Pollitt (2010)

31 2nd Lt. Edward T. Lyon, RN The Army Nurse Corps formed in 1901 On October 6, 1955, Edward Lyon became the first man to receive a commission as a reserve officer in the U.S. Army Corps

32 Lyon paved the way for other Army nurses Today, male nurses represent over 35% Army Nurse Corps s/malenurses.html

33 Brig. Gen. William T. Bester, MSN, NEA-BC, CRNA BSN College of St. Scholastica, Duluth MN MSN Catholic Unviversity of America, Washington D.C. Chief Nurse Fort Meade, Maryland & Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana Assistant Surgeon General for Force Protection, Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Health Policy and Services

34 Chapter Four Army Nursing: A Personal Biography I was just lucky enough to be in the right place at the right time more than once Military career: 32 years, 18 assignments, 2 deployments O Lynn & Tranbarger (2007)

35 21st Chief of the Army Nurse Corps in 2000 Awards: Legion of Merit Meritorious Service Medal Army Commendation Medal National Service Defense Medal Humanitarian Service Medal Army Achievement AAMN Luther Christman Award in 2005

36 John F. Garde, MS, CRNA, FAAN 1956 graduate of Alexian Brothers Hospital School of Nursing Elected President of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) in 1972 First man and the youngest nurse anesthetist to be elected president of the AANA

37 Led the campaign that resulted in CRNAs receiving direct Medicare reimbursement (first nonphysician group) Inducted as Fellow into the American Academy of Nursing in 1994 ANA Hall of Fame 2010

39 Michael Bleich, PhD, RN, NEA-BC, FAAN Diploma, St. Luke s Hospital School of Nursing BSN, Milton College MPH, University of Minnesota PhD, University of Nebraska AAMN Luther Christman Award 2011 Fellow into the American Academy of Nursing 2014 named President of Barnes-Jewish College.

40 Institute of Medicine s report, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health

41 Luther Christman, RN, PhD, FAAN There never has been and never will be somebody like Luther, Peter Buerhaus, RN, PhD, FAAN He was always ahead of his time and his recommendations for leadership, primary nursing, and future models of nursing education have proven to be spot on, Patrica Yoder-Wise, RN, EdD, NEA-BC, ANEF, FAAN

42 Appointed dean of Vanderbilt School of Nursing in 1967 Founder and dean of Rush University College of Nursing 1972 Champion for improving professional nursing practice and elevating the educational level of the nursing profession Beth Houser and Kathy Player described Luther as a passionate nurse with an inability to keep his viewpoints to himself Palmer (2011)

43 National Male Nurses Association 1974 American Assembly for Men in Nursing 1981 ANA Hall of Fame Award 2004 First AAMN Luther Christman Award given 1975 ANA Luther Christman Award created in 2007

44 Luther Christman, RN, PhD, FAAN

45 "History never looks like history when you are living through it." John W. Gardner

47 References Chung, V. (2001). Men in Nursing. Minority Nurse Craig, L. N. (1940). Opportunities for men nurses. American Journal of Nursing, 40(6), Douglas, K., Kerfoot, K. M. (2011). A provocative conversation with Peter I. Buerhaus, PhD, RN, FAAN. Nursing Economic$, 29(4), Hanink, E. (2013). LeRoy Craig, Advocate for Men in Nursing. Accessed from Advocate-for-Men-in-Nursing Hanink, E. Men in nursing: 8 who paved the way. Accessed at Paved-the-Way 12/30/13. LaRocco, S. I was working in the hospital as an orderly ; Oral histories of the Alexian Brothers Hospital School of Nursing Graduates. Accessed at 5/27/14

48 O Lynn, C. (2013). A man s guide to a nursing career. Springer Publishing Company, New York, NY. O Lynn, C., & Tranbarger, R. (2007). Men in nursing: History, challenges, and opportunities. Springer Publishing Company, New York, NY. Palmer, J. (2011). Luther Christman: Legacy of a legend. Reflections on Nursing Leadership, Accessed at 2_NoteFeat_Christman.aspx Pittman, E. (2005). Luther Christman: A maverick nurse- a nursing legend. Trafford Publishing, Victoria, BC. Pollitt, P. (2010). Russell E. Tranbarger: Renaissance Nurse. Minority Nurse. Accessed at Accessed 12/24/13. White, W. (Ed). (2003). Compelled by data: John D. Thompson, nurse, health service researcher, and health administrator. New Haven: Yale University, Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health.

Luther Christman Professional Reformer. Steven Merrill, RN, PhD Hiram College

Luther Christman Professional Reformer Steven Merrill, RN, PhD Hiram College Acknowledgements Luther and Dorothy Christman Helen Sherwin, MugarMemorial Library Archive, Boston University Who was Luther