The Causes of the First World War ( )

Transcription

1 Task Booklet The Causes of the First World War ( ) Name Form

2 Task 1: Design a revision aid to help you remember details about the Great Powers in It can be anything that helps you to remember e.g. a bullet-point list, poster, mind map, poem etc. Use AQA textbook p.8-9 Task 2: In small groups, study the Nationalities of the Austria-Hungarian Empire, discuss the three tables and make a list of as many facts, details, bits of information you can obtain from this source. Can you think of any reasons why Austria-Hungary was worried by Serbia s aim to unite all Slavs? 2

3 Task 3: What can a historian learn from Source A about armament spending between ? (3 marks) EXAM TIP: Make sure your answer is clear and easy to understand. Try using the following method: The first thing you can learn from Source A is (add a fact/detail from the source). The second point is (add a fact/detail from the source). The third point is (add a fact/detail from the source). SOURCE A: Extension Question: Which of the three facts is the most useful and why? 3

4 Task 4: Read the information below and design a graph that shows the differences between the two ships. Then select 3 points from the source and explain why these are significant. Focus on The Dreadnought The Dreadnought class battleship had an eleven-inch armour plating for protection. Compare this with a battleship built only a year earlier. HMS Dominion built in ,350 tons; length 457 feet; 4 twelve inch guns, 4 nine inch guns, 5 torpedo tubes; armour 9 inches thick; top speed 18.2 knots. HMS Dreadnought built in ,900 tons; length 526 feet; 10 twelve-inch guns, 18 four-inch guns, 5 torpedo tubes; armour 11 inches thick; top speed 21.6 knots. If you are a visual learner look at the front cover of the Task Booklet you may find it helpful. Task 5: Read Source 1 and 2 on page 7 of the Information Booklet. What are the differences between the two sources? EXAM TIP: Highlight/underline and annotate the sources as you read them. Write a paragraph comparing the differences of the 2 sources. You must refer to both sources in your answer. 4

5 Task 6 Using the AQA textbook p.10 and the information below develop a detailed timeline to show how the alliances were formed. Task 7 Read Source B, it is one sided. Can you explain how and why you think it is one sided? SOURCE B: A comment from a British newspaper, the Daily Mail, February While great naval power in the hands of Britain cannot constitute a menace, in the hands of Germany it will be a great peril to the world. This is even more so as the recent history of German policy of daring aggression and the lack of space at home compels Germany to conquer the colonies of others or perish. 5

6 Task 8 Read AQA p. 12 and your info booklet p then in your own words explain what happened at the Second Moroccan Crisis, Use no more than 50 words. Now swap with your partner and mark their work: Word Count: Level 1: Basic answer. [Lacks detail and structure] Level 2: Average answer [must have evidence of planning] Level 3: Good answer [clear and easy to understand] Level 4: Excellent answer [detailed with dates, facts and well planned] Marker s comment: Suggestions on how to improve 6

7 Task 9 Compare the two maps of the Balkans before and after the Balkan Wars (information booklet page 13) and answer the following questions: 1. What happened to the Turkish Empire? 2. Which Balkan state increased in size the most as a result of these wars? 3. What important geographical advantage would Serbia have gained if Albania had been included in its borders? Task 10 Complete the table below Crises Which powers involved How it increased tension 1905 Morocco 1908 Bosnia 1911 Agadir Balkans 7 7

8 Task 11 Can you answer this key question: Why did tension increase in Europe between 1900 and 1914? Draw a mind map or a spider-diagram, on A3 paper, that illustrates all the reasons why tension increased between Use your information booklet if you need to. Use as many colours and pictures as you can as these aid memory. Use the Key Question as your title/centre. Task 12 What evidence can you find on page 15 (AQA textbook) to support the claims that: A. Austria-Hungary was trying to start a war. B. That Serbia was trying to prevent a war starting. Extension Activity: Do a series of newspaper headlines in the following countries showing how each reacted to the news of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: 1. Serbia 2. Russia 3. Germany 4. Austria-Hungary 8

9 Task 13 Design a visual that explains the events from June 28th to August 3rd,1914. Possible ideas are a cartoon, poster or short news reel (story board) for the cinema. Task 14 Either in pairs or individually, PLAN how you would answer this essay question: Which of the following two events was more significant for triggering the First World War: The Agadir crisis, 1911 The Balkan Wars, You must refer to both events in your answer. Advice - Your plan should include a link sentence that answers the essay question at the end of each paragraph you are planning to write. Your conclusion is extremely important so please write it in full (3 or 4 sentences will be ample). 9

10 Extension Activities and things to evaluate how much you ve learned: How much have you remembered? In pairs or small groups ask each other the following questions: 1. Name the Great Powers in Europe in Why did the Kaiser want a place in the sun? 3. Explain the rivalry between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. Who was the protector of Serbia? 4. What was the Dreadnought and why was it so significant? 5. How did Kaiser Wilhelm II increase rivalry between the Great Powers? 6. Name the two alliances and who was in them. 7. Name 4 long term causes of World War I. 8. Why was Bosnia significant? 9. Why did the Kaiser become involved in Morocco in 1905? 10. Name the two war plans that you have learned about. For a bonus name the countries as well. 11. Explain the significance of the Panther in the crisis of What part did the following play in the assassination of Franz Ferdinand: A. Gavrilo Princip? B. Sophie von Chotkowa und Wognin? C. The Black Hand? Key Word Review: Read the definition to your partner and they have to tell you the Key Word. You could also try getting them to spell it. 10

11 Assassination. But was it a set up? Read the following details then discuss it with your group. Instructions: 2 members need to argue that it was not a set up (use evidence from your studies). 2 members need to argue that it was a set up. You have 2 minutes to convince the other side that your view is the correct one. Was the assassination a set-up? There is much evidence to suggest that Franz-Ferdinand was set up to be assassinated to provide Austria with an excuse to invade Serbia. The Austrian army wanted to destroy the Black Hand by attacking Serbia. Between January 1913 and June 1914 the Austrian army chief-of-staff recommended war with Serbia 25 times. The Archduke could not have chosen a worse day to visit Sarajevo. It was Serbia s National Day the anniversary of the battle, in 1389, when Serbia had been conquered by the Turkish Empire. On the same day a Serb hero, Milos Obilic, assassinated the Turkish Sultan. Austrian spies in Serbia had reported that there was going to be an assassination attempt. Pasic, the Prime Minister of Serbia, had also told the Austrian government that there was going to be trouble. Only 120 policemen were on duty in Sarajevo. There was no extra security. The Archduke and his wife travelled in an open-topped car. An easy target for an assassin. The assassins were allowed to cross the border from Serbia into Bosnia. SOURCE C: The Kaiser to the Austrian ambassador It is now or never deal with the Serbs. Straight away. The Tsar is unlikely to intervene if he does, Germany will stand at Austria s side. SOURCE D: Serb reactions to the assassination The accounts of eyewitnesses say that people fell into each other s arms in delight Remarks were heard such as: It serves him right We have been expecting this for a long time

12 Things you need to remember Long-term causes: 1. Colonial Rivalry 2. Balkan nationalism 3. Alsace-Lorraine 4. The Arms Race (including the Naval Race) 5. Wilhelm II and German militarism 6. The ALLIANCE SYSTEM The Crises A. The Moroccan Crisis, B. The Bosnian Crisis, C. The Agadir Crisis (Second Moroccan Crisis), 1911 D. The Balkan Wars, The Immediate Cause of War 1. The murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 2. Austrian reaction and German support. 3. The declaration of war, late July to early August. 4. Why Britain decided to go to war. If you read through the above list and there are things you don t know or are unsure about, then either re-read your information booklet, or talk to a Classmate, or speak to your teacher about it. Finally turn to page 2 of your information booklet and tick off all the topics you feel confident that you now know about. Remember the more times you review your work then the easier your exam revision will be. 12

13 Glossary: the following definitions will help you understand this topic. Alliance - agreement between two or more countries in which they agree to help each other (could be military help in a war). Armaments - weapons of war. Balkans - area of south-west Europe previously controlled by the Turks; including Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria. Colonies - Territories taken over by countries in Europe (mainly in Africa) Conscription - young people must join the armed services when they reach a certain age, normally for one or two years. Dreadnought - battleship launched by Britain made all earlier battleships out of date. Empire - group of countries, colonies or states ruled over and owned by another country. Entente - agreement between two or more countries to settle any problems. Heir - next in line to a position. Imperialism - the policy of building up an empire. Isolated - without friends or allies. Kaiser - the Emperor/ruler of Germany Militarism - settling a problem or dispute through war. Mobilisation - getting soldiers and equipment ready to go to battle. Nationalism - love for your country/ the belief that your country is better than others. Neutral - staying out of a war, not taking sides. Schlieffen Plan - Germany plan to defeat France by attacking through Belgium. Slavs - peoples such as the Serbs, Bosnians, Bulgarians & Romanians Splendid isolation - Britain felt safe from invasion due to its strong navy, so it chose to be isolated (didn t need help from other powers). This policy changed in the early 20th Century as Britain began to feel threatened by Germany. The Scrap of Paper - The Treaty of London of 1839 by which the Great Powers guaranteed the neutrality of Belgium. 13 Ultimatum - a final demand from one country to another. 13