US A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/ A1 KATOU (43) Pub. Date: Sep.

Transcription

1 US A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/ A1 KATOU (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 19, 2013 (54) TRANSPOSING APPARATUS, TRANSPOSING (52) US. Cl. METHOD, AND COMPUTER PRODUCT CPC..... G06T 15/10 ( ) USPC /419 (71) Applicant: FUJITSU LIMITED, KaWasaki-shi (JP) (57) ABSTRACT (72) Inventor? Tomoki KATOU, Kawasaki (JP) A transposing apparatus is con?gured by a computer control ling a computing device having computing elements arranged (73) Assignee? FUJITSU LIMITED, Kawasaki-511i (JP) into a matrix and memory devices connected to the comput ing elements. The computing device executes an electromag (21) Appl. No.: 13/750,117 netic?eld analysis process on latticed three-dimensional analysis subject data present in a three-dimensional coordi (22) Filed; J an, 25, 2013 nate system. The computer is con?gured to detect the number of lined-up lattices in a direction of a?rst axis, in a direction (30) Foreign Application Priority Data of a second axis, and in a direction of a third axis of the coordinate system, through detection on the three-dimen Mar. 19, 2012 (JP) signal analysis subject data; transpose a group Of lattices Of the three-dimensional analysis subject data, based on the Publication Classi?cation detected numbers of lined-up lattices and on the number of lined-up computing elements in a row direction and in a (51) Int. Cl. column direction; and output to the computing device, the G06T 15/10 ( ) three-dimensional analysis subject data transposed. A A v21 TRANSPOSE ASSIGN LATTICES TO? EACH PE > V3 PE PE PE PE

2 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 1 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 C PE PE PE- PE A o 42 TRANSPOSE X ASSIGN Y V3 LATTICES TO [L v3 2 EACH PE / PE H PE,9 PE W / PE PE PE PE / l / / /PE/ /PEHPE/ /PE/ / / I Y?EZZ/PEHPE/e/PE/ A, 2 PE PE PE PE

3 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 2 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 200 d 100 < C S A > COMPUTING 202 DEVICE v Q, CONTROLLER A 204 v BRIDGE COM- PUTING UNIT COM PUTING UNIT A A A v v \ v A A COM- COM PUTING PUTING M M UN T < /-\, UNIT A A A v v < > PE < > PE 4 > v v i v M 1 COM- ' COM PUTING PUTING v v UNIT 4 ; UNIT 4 > PE 4 > PE < > A A M M v v

4 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 3 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 \ Em mmpzfe wow mom :m.mmdoe Om<Om>m2

5 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 4 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 4Q1 F G-4 4( DETECTING TRANSPOSING 1 UNIT 7 UNIT 7 OUTPUT UNIT FIG-.5 ASSIGN LATTICES TO EACH PE

6 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 5 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 ORDER OF ASSIGNMENT 3 2 PE- PE PE 3 l PE PE PE 2 L2 PE PE- -PE PE PE PE 4 1

7 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 6 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 3: 9mm 242cm womqzm PDQFDO» 56E mom Em

8 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 7 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 FIG.8 DATA EXCHANGE AREA IN Z DATA EXCHANGE AREA IN Y DIRECTION DATA EXCHANGE AREA IN YZ DIRECTION

9 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 8 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 F G.9 @ COMPUTING DEVICE V TRANSPOSING @

10 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 9 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 2.0K

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12 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 11 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 NYSE mowww/ vomrw OZ momvm/ oomvw OZ ma vw/ won_.w now G2 v.rmafw wow-02m

13 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 12 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 FIG.13 (E5) S1301 HAS NUMBER-OF-LATTICE INFORMATION BEEN INPUT? IDENTIFY GREATEST NUMBER OF LATTICES, MIDDLE NUMBER OF LATTICES, AND LEAST NUMBER OF LATTICES f SET GREATEST NUMBER OF LATTICES=X, MIDDLE NUMBER OF LATTICES=Y, AND LEAST NUMBER OF LATTICES=Z DIRECTION TRANSPOSITION PATTERN DETERMINING PROCESS EXCHANGE VARIABLES FOR RESPECTIVE AXIAL DIRECTIONS

14 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 13 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 Novvw 329E Sim mm; V

15 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 14 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 ASSIGN LATTICES TO EACH PE IV 5

16 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 15 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 ASSIGN LATTICES TO EACH PE Iv

17 Patent Application Publication Sep. 19, 2013 Sheet 16 0f 16 US 2013/ A1 ( START ) FIG.17 $1701 HAS NUMBER- OF-LATTICE INFORMATION BEEN INPUT? NO YES / S1702 IDENTIFY GREATEST NUMBER OF LATTICES, MIDDLE NUMBER OF LATTICES, AND LEAST NUMBER OF LATTICES LEAST NUMBER OF LATTICESZPy? S1703 [ S1704 GREATEST NUMBER OF LATTICES=X, MIDDLE NUMBER OF LATTICES=Y, LEAST NUMBER OF LATTICES=Z GREATEST NUMBER OF LATTICESSPZ? f NO " / LEAST NUMBER OF LATTICES=X, MIDDLE NUMBER OF LATTICES=Y, CALCULATE Lmax, Lmid, Mmid, Mmin GREATEST NUMBER OF LATTICES=Z v f AMONG Lmax AND LmId, SELECT THAT WHICH IS CLOSER TO 1, AND SET AS Y V f S1709 AMONG Mmid AND Mmin, SELECT THAT WHICH IS CLOSER TO 1, AND SET AS Z " [S1710 SET REMAINING NUMBER OF LATTICES AS X v DIRECTION TRANSPOSITION PATTERN DETERMINING PROCESS \ V EXCHANGE VARIABLES FOR AXIAL DIRECTIONS END

18 US 2013/ A1 Sep. 19,2013 TRANSPOSING APPARATUS, TRANSPOSING METHOD, AND COMPUTER PRODUCT CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is based upon and claims the ben e?t of priority of the prior Japanese Patent Application No ,?led on Mar. 19, 2012, the entire contents of Which are incorporated herein by reference. FIELD [0002] The embodiment discussed herein is related to a transposing apparatus, a transposing method, and a transpos ing program. BACKGROUND [0003] The?nite-differential time-domain (FDTD) method has been known as one method for performing elec tromagnetic?eld analysis in a three-dimensional analysis space. The FDTD method is a method of expanding the Max Well s equation into a difference equation in a time-space area and solving the expanded difference equation to calculate the value of an electromagnetic?eld in the analysis space. [0004] In the execution of the FDTD method, multiple information processers may perform parallel computation to realize e?icient computation. In such a case, two information processors, to Which computation by the FDTD method for adjacent two spaces are assigned, exchange calculation results With each other. [0005] A conventional technique is known of measuring the computation capability of each information processor by simulation, dividing the analysis space according to the com putation capability of each information processor, respec tively assigning each resulting analysis space to the informa tion processors, and causing the information processors to perform parallel computation by the FDTD method to per form electromagnetic?eld analysis (see, e.g., Japanese Laid Open Patent Publication No ). [0006] Another related technique is known of dividing an analysis space into a mesh of subdivided spaces, assigning the subdivided spaces to information processors, and causing the information processors to execute parallel computation by the Monte Carlo method to simulate a state of distribution of particles in multiple areas (see, e. g., Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No ). Further, another related technique is known of improving the ef?ciency of application of the FDTD method to a circuit (see, e. g., J apa nese Patent No ) [0007] With the above techniques, however, multiple infor mation processors connected so that communication between prescribed processors is prevented may be caused to execute parallel computation by the FDTD method. In this case, com putations by the FDTD method for two adjacent spaces are assigned to two information processors connected enabling mutual communication, potentially leading to the presence of an information processor to Which no computation by the FDTD method is assigned, depending on the shape of the analysis space. [0008] Further, With the above techniques, multiple infor mation processors connected to allow communication between arbitrary processors may be caused to execute par allel computation by the FDTD method. In this case, to exchange computation results between two information pro cessors to Which computations by the FDTD method for two adjacent spaces are assigned, a router that controls the con nection between the two information processors executes a routing process. This routing process increases the time Waited for completion of computation result exchange between the information processors and thus, may increase the time consumed for computation by the FDTD method. SUMMARY [0009] According to one aspect of the present invention a transposing apparatus includes a computer that controls a computing device having computing elements arranged into a matrix formation and memory devices each connected to each computing element. The computing device executes an elec tromagnetic?eld analysis process on latticed three-dimen sional analysis subject data present in a three-dimensional coordinate system. The computer is con?gured to detect the number of lined-up lattices in a direction of a?rst axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system, the number of lined-up lattices in a direction of a second axis of the coordinate system, and the number of lined-up lattices in a direction of a third axis of the coordinate system, through detection on the three-dimensional analysis subject data; transpose a group of lattices of the three-dimensional analysis subject data, based on the detected numbers of lined-up lattices and on the num ber of lined-up computing elements in a row direction and the number of lined-up computing elements in a column direc tion among the computing elements; and output to the com puting device, the three-dimensional analysis subject data transposed. [0010] The object and advantages of the invention Will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combina tions particularly pointed out in the claims. [0011] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exem plary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [0012] FIGS. 1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams of an example of transposition of data of an analysis space by a transposing apparatus; [0013] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of one example of an electromagnetic?eld analyzing system according to an embodiment; [0014] FIG. 3 is a block diagram ofa hardware con?gura tion of a transposing apparatus 100 according to the embodi ment; [0015] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example ofa func tional con?guration of the transposing apparatus 100; [0016] FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a Working example 1 of transposition of data of an analysis space A by the transposing apparatus 100; [0017] FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the order of assignment of surplus unit spaces B; [0018] FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of one example of an execution command string; [0019] FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of data exchange between computing elements PE; [0020] FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of output of the result of electromagnetic?eld analysis of the analysis spacea as a Whole;

19 US 2013/ A1 Sep. 19,2013 [0021] FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 are sequence diagrams of a procedure of the electromagnetic?eld analysis process of the working example 1; [0022] FIG. 13 is a?owchart ofa procedure ofa transpos ing process by the transposing apparatus 100 of the working example 1; [0023] FIG. 14 is a?owchart of a procedure of direction transposition pattern determining process by the transposing apparatus 100; [0024] FIGS. 15 and 16 are explanatory diagrams of a working example 2 of transposition of data of the analysis space A by the transposing apparatus 100; and [0025] FIG. 17 is a?owchart of a procedure of the trans posing process by the transposing apparatus 100 according to the working example 2. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS [0026] Embodiments of a transposing apparatus, a trans posing method, and a transposing program according to the present invention will be described in detail, referring to the accompanying drawings. The transposing apparatus is a com puter that divides data of an analysis space set in a three dimensional rectangular coordinate system along the x-axis andy-axis, assigns the resulting spaces to multiple computing elements, and causes the computing elements to execute par allel computation for electromagnetic?eld analysis of the analysis space by an FDTD method. [0027] Each computing element has a memory device that holds an electromagnetic?eld value, which is equivalent to a computation result by the electromagnetic?eld analysis. For the electromagnetic?eld analysis by the FDTD method, each computing element acquires the value of the electromagnetic?eld at a past point of time. Each computing element acquires from another computing element, the value of the electro magnetic?eld for a past point in time on they-axis and Z-axis along which the analysis space is divided, and can acquire from the memory device of the computing element, the value of the electromagnetic?eld for a past point in time on the X-axis along which the analysis space is not divided. In this manner, each computing element can calculate the value of the electromagnetic?eld along the direction of the x-axis e?iciently from the values of the electromagnetic?eld in directions along the Y-axis and Z-axis. [0028] Thus, the transposing apparatus transposes data of the analysis space so that the direction in which the size of the analysis space is the greatest matches the X-axis direction in which the computing elements can perform e?icient calcula tion. The transposing apparatus then divides the post-trans position analysis space along the Y-axis and Z-axis, assigns the resulting spaces to multiple computing elements, and causes the computing elements to execute parallel computa tion for the electromagnetic?eld analysis. Through this pro cess, the transposing apparatus increases the processing vol ume for the electromagnetic?eld analysis along the direction of the X-axis, in which the computing elements performs e?icient calculation, and reduces the processing volume for the electromagnetic?eld analysis along the directions of the Y-axis and the Z-axis.As a result, the computing elements can reduce the time consumed for the electromagnetic?eld analy sis of the post-transposition analysis space to a period less than the time consumed for the electromagnetic?eld analysis of the pre-transposition analysis space. [0029] In the above case, the transposing apparatus divides the analysis space along the Y-axis and X-axis and allows the computing elements to calculate the values of the electromag netic?eld on the X-axis more e?iciently than the values of the electromagnetic?eld along the directions of other axes. How ever, con?guration is not limited hereto. For example, the transposing apparatus may divide the analysis space along the X-axis andy-axis, in which case the computing elements can calculate the values of the electromagnetic?eld on the Z-axis more e?iciently than the values of the electromagnetic?eld along the directions of other axes. [0030] FIGS. 1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams of an example of transposition of data of an analysis space by the transposing apparatus. In FIGS. 1A and 1B, a transposing apparatus 100 causes a computing device C having multiple computing elements PE to execute parallel computation for electromagnetic?eld analysis by the FDTD method, for an analysis space A present in a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system and thereby, performs the electromagnetic?eld analysis for the analysis spacea. The analysis space A is a set of unit spaces B present in the three-dimensional rect angular coordinate system represented by the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. The unit space B is a so-called Yee lattice. The length of one side of the unit space B is expressed in terms of, for example, meter. [0031] FIG. 1A depicts one example of the computing device C having multiple computing elements PE, by which computing device C executes parallel computation for the electromagnetic?eld analysis. In FIG. 1A, the multiple com puting elements PE of the computing device C are arranged into a 5-line/4-column two-dimensional matrix. Each com puting element PE is connected to another computing ele ment PE adjacent thereto. Each computing element PE has a memory device that serves as a memory area and that holds a computation result by the electromagnetic?eld analysis. A computation result by the electromagnetic?eld analysis rep resents the value of an electromagnetic?eld at a given coor dinate in the analysis space A. [0032] Each computing element can calculate the value of the electromagnetic?eld on the X-axis direction more e?i ciently than the values of the electromagnetic?eld along the directions of the Y-axis and Z-axis. Hereinafter, the X-axis direction in which the value of the electromagnetic?eld is calculated e?iciently is expressed as the X-axis direction in which the e?iciency of the electromagnetic?eld analysis is improved. [0033] FIG. 1B depicts an example of transposition of data of the analysis space A by the transposing apparatus 100. In FIG. 1B, the analysis spacea is a set of unit spaces B made up of 10 unit spaces B stacked in a direction V1, 16 unit spaces B stacked in a direction V2, and 4 unit spaces B stacked in a direction V3. Before transposition by the transposing appa ratus 100, the analysis space A is placed in the three-dimen sional coordinate system such that the direction V matches the X-axis directialong the direction V2 matches the Y-axis direction, and the direction V3 matches the Z-axis direction [0034] Hereinafter, the number of unit spaces in each of the directions V1 to V3 is expressed as the number of lattices in each of the directions V1 to V3. When the number of lattices in the V1 direction is 10, the number of lattices in the V2 direction is l 6, and the number of lattices in the V3 direc tion is 4, the numbers of lattices in respective directions V1 to V3 are expressed as l0, l6, 4. When the analysis space A is placed in the three-dimensional coordinate system, the numbers of lattices in the directions V1 to V3 each matching each axial direction are expressed as the numbers of lattices in

20 US 2013/ A1 Sep. 19, 2013 respective axial directions. When the number of lattices in the X-axis direction is 10, the number of lattices in the Y-axis direction is 16, and the number of lattices in the Z-axis direction is 4, the numbers of lattices in respective axial directions are expressed as 10, 16, 4. [0035] The transposing apparatus 100 transposes data of the analysis spacea so that the direction in Which the size of the analysis spacea is the greatest becomes the X-axis direc tion in Which the ef?ciency of the electromagnetic?eld analy sis is improved. Data of the analysis spacea are variables for an electromagnetic?eld in each of the unit spaces B in the analysis spacea. The transposing apparatus 100 then divides the post-transposition analysis space A by lattices con?gured by cells respectively corresponding to the arrangement posi tion of each of the computing elements PE, and causes each computing element PE to execute the electromagnetic?eld analysis of a space present in a corresponding cell. [0036] The transposing apparatus 100 identi?es, for example, the greatest number of lattices 16 among the numbers of lattices 10, 16, 4 in respective directions V1 to V3 of the analysis spacea, thereby identi?es the direction V2 in Which the number of lattices is the greatest. The transpos ing apparatus 100 exchanges variables for the electromag netic?eld along the direction V2, for variables for the elec tromagnetic?eld along the direction V1 matching the X-axis direction so that the identi?ed direction V2 becomes the X-axis direction in Which the ef?ciency of the electromag netic?eld analysis is improved and thereby, transposes data of the analysis space A. Hence, the transposing apparatus 100 transposes the data of the analysis space A in Which the numbers of lattices in respective axial directions of the three dimensional coordinate system are 10, 16, 4 into data of the analysis spacea in Which the numbers of lattices in respective axial directions of the three-dimensional coordinate system are 16, 10, 4. [0037] The transposing apparatus 100 divides the post transposition analysis space A by the lattices con?gured by cells corresponding to the arrangement positions of the com puting elements PE, into spaces in the divided cells. The transposing apparatus 100 assigns to each computing element PE, the spaces in the cell corresponding to the arrangement position of the computing element PE, and causes the com puting element PE to execute the electromagnetic?eld analy sis ofthe assigned spaces. [0038] For example, the transposing apparatus 100 divides the analysis space A in Which the numbers of lattices in respective axial directions are 16, 10, 4 into 20 spaces With the numbers of lattices of 16, 2, 1 so that the divided spaces correspond to a 5-line/4-column matrix of the computing elements PE. In this case, the row direction and the column direction of the matrix of the computing elements PE corre spond to they-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, respec tively. The transposing apparatus 100 assigns a space corre sponding to the arrangement position of each computing element PE, to each computing element PE and causes the computing element PE to execute the electromagnetic?eld analysis of the assigned space. [0039] Through this process, the transposing apparatus 100 increases the processing volume for the electromagnetic?eld analysis along the X-axis direction in Which the computing elements PE performs e?icient calculation, and reduces the processing volume for the electromagnetic?eld analysis along the directions of the Y-axis and the Z-axis. As a result, the computing elements can reduce the time consumed for the electromagnetic?eld analysis of the post-transposition analy sis space A to a period shorter than the time consumed for the electromagnetic?eld analysis of the pre-transposition analy sis space A. [0040] The transposing apparatus 100 may transpose data of the analysis space A so that the utilization ef?ciency of the computing elements PE is improved, based on the number of computing elements PE in the row direction and the number of computing elements PE in the column direction. An example of transposing data of the analysis spacea so that the utilization ef?ciency of the computing elements PE is improved Will be described later, referring to FIG. 5 or FIGS. 14 and 15. [0041] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of one example of an electromagnetic?eld analyzing system according to an embodiment. An electromagnetic?eld analyzing system 200 includes the transposing apparatus 100, one or multiple com puting devices C, and a user terminal 201. The transposing apparatus 100 is connected to the computing devices C and to the user terminal 201. [0042] The transposing apparatus 100 receives a coordinate value of the pre-transposition analysis space A and an elec tromagnetic?eld value at the coordinate from the user termi nal 201. The transposing apparatus 100 then exchanges vari ables for the electromagnetic?eld in respective axial directions, using the numbers of computing elements PE in the row direction and in the column direction and the numbers of lattices in respective axial directions, thereby transposing data of the analysis space A. The transposing apparatus 100 divides the post-transposition analysis space A by lattices con?gured by cells corresponding to the arrangement posi tion of each of the computing elements PE, and causes each computing element PE to execute the electromagnetic?eld analysis of a space present in the cell corresponding to the arrangement position of the computing element PE. [0043] The computing device C has a controller 202 and computing units 203, Which are connected via a bridge 204, respectively. The controller 202 receives data of spaces divided by the transposing apparatus 100, and assigns the divided spaces to computing elements PE. Each computing unit 203 includes computing elements PE arranged in a matrix formation. The computing units 203 execute electro magnetic?eld analysis of assigned spaces using data of the assigned spaces. Each computing element PE has a memory device M used as a Work area or as an area Where a compu tation result by the electromagnetic?eld analysis is stored. [0044] The user terminal 201 receives a coordinate value of the analysis space A and the value of an electromagnetic?eld for the coordinate that are sent from the user of the user terminal 201. The user terminal 201 transmits the received coordinate value of the analysis space A and the value of the electromagnetic?eld for the coordinate, to the transposing apparatus 100. [0045] In this example, the computing unit 203 includes 4 computing elements PE arranged in a matrix formation. HoW ever, con?guration is not limited hereto. The computing unit 203, for example, may include 6 computing elements PE arranged in a matrix formation. The computing device C includes 6 computing units 203, thus including 24 computing elements PE. HoWever, con?guration is not limited hereto. The computing device C, for example, may include a single computing unit 203 having 24 computing elements 24, or

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