Astro 101 F15 Test 2. Name: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Name: Astro 101 Test 2 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The Moon undergoes synchronous rotation, and as a consequence the: a. Moon does not rotate as it orbits the Earth b. rotational period of the Moon equals the orbital period of the Earth around the Sun c. rotational period of the Moon equals the orbital period of the Moon around the Earth d. rotational period of the Moon equals the rotational period of the Earth 2. How much of the entire Moon s surface is illuminated by the Sun during a crescent moon phase? a. a Quarter c. Half b. Less than half d. More than half 3. If there is a full Moon out tonight, approximately how long from now will it be in the third quarter phase? a. Three to four days c. One week b. One month d. Two weeks 4. The gibbous is in the waning state between the: a. new Moon and first quarter phases. c. full Moon and third quarter phases. b. first and second quarter phases. d. third quarter and new Moon phases. 5. The diagram below shows Earth and the Sun as well as five different possible positions for the Moon. Which position (A-E) of the Moon best corresponds with the Moon phase shown in the upper right corner? a. A d. D b. B e. E c. C 6. Which of the following would occur during a lunar eclipse on Earth? a. Total eclipse of the Moon as seen from Earth. b. Total eclipse of the Sun as seen from the Moon. c. Total eclipse of the Sun as seen from Earth. d. A and B e. B and C 1

2 Name: ID: A 7. If the moon s orbit were in the same plane as the earth s orbit (not tilted), which of the following would be TRUE? a. There would be no lunar eclipses. b. We would have a solar and lunar eclipse every month. c. We would have a lunar eclipse every month, but solar eclipses only twice a year. d. There would be no solar eclipses. 8. Of the two types of total eclipses (lunar and solar), one is much more common to see from a specific location on Earth. Why? a. A total eclipse of the sun is visible only from a narrow path on Earth. b. Total eclipses of the moon occur much more frequently. c. A total eclipse of the moon is visible only from a narrow path on Earth. d. Total eclipses of the sun occur much more frequently. 9. An annular eclipse is caused by. a. the Sun expanding and contracting throughout the year b. the Moon being farther away from the Earth c. the Earth being farther away from the Sun d. the Sun passing in front of the Moon 10. Which of the following best describes Copernicus model of the universe? a. Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun. b. The planets orbit the Sun at the same rate as if they are on a disk. c. The planets orbits are ellipses. d. The planets and stars revolve around Earth on the celestial sphere. 11. The above diagram shows the orbit of the mysterious asteroid Boron (B) about the sun (S). Points 1, 2 and 3 lie on the orbit; 4 indicates the center of the orbit. At what point does Boron reach its greatest speed in its orbit? a. 1 d. 4 b. 2 e. Speed is the same everywhere. c. 3 2

3 Name: ID: A 12. In the diagram in the previous question, what does the 3 AU indicate? a. Semi-major axis of the orbit c. Eccentricity of the orbit b. Period of the orbit d. The closest that Boron gets to the Sun 13. Neptune is 30 AU from the Sun. Mercury is 0.7 AU from the Sun. Which of the following is FALSE about their orbits? a. Neptune has a longer orbital period than Mercury. b. Mercury takes more time to travel around the Sun than Neptune. c. Mercury has a shorter orbital period than Neptune. d. Neptune travels more slowly around the Sun than Mercury. 14. What is one thing Galileo is known for? a. Developed the universal law of gravitation. b. Measured the motions of the planets without a telescope. c. Experimented with real moving objects. d. Developed a heliocentric model of the universe. 15. Which of the following is NOT an example of inertia? a. A dog in car slides up against the door as the driver turns a corner because he is not wearing a seat belt. b. The Earth keeps spinning because there is no force to stop it. c. A ball speeds up as it rolls down a hill. d. Dr. Young is thrown off her bicycle when the front wheel stops against a curb. 16. According to Newton s Laws, what is required to stop a moving train? a. An unbalanced force c. Inertia b. Gravity d. An action-reaction pair 17. In which of the following situations would the object be experiencing an unbalanced force? a. A skateboard moving at a constant speed backwards b. A rocket moving at a constant speed straight up away from the Earth c. A car slowing down d. A truck at rest 18. You push an empty roller chair and a roller chair with your friend sitting on it. Which of the following would NOT be true in this case? a. It will require more force to get your friend s chair to acceleate at the same rate as the empty chair. b. If you push both chairs with the same force, the empty chair will travel farther. c. The empty chair has less mass therfore it will accelerate faster than your friend s chair with an equal push. d. If you push both chairs with the same force, both chairs will accelerate at the same rate. 19. Fred weighs 100 kg on Earth. Fred s gravitational force on the Earth is: a. Much smaller than 100 kg because Fred s mass is much less than Earth s. b. Much larger than 100 kg because the Earth weighs much more than 100 kg. c. Exacty 100 kg d. Exactly zero, since only the Earth has gravity. 3

4 Name: ID: A 20. Why do balls with different masses hit the ground at the same time when dropped from the same height? a. The balls weigh the same. c. The forces on the balls are the same. b. The balls have the same acceleration. d. The balls fall at a constant speed. 21. Why do you weigh less on the Moon than on Earth? a. The Moon has less mass than the Earth. b. The acceleration due to gravity is less on the Moon. c. The Moon has a smaller radius than the Earth. d. Both A and B e. A, B and C are all valid reasons. 22. How does the strength of the gravitational force that the Sun exerts on the Earth compare to the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the Sun? a. The force of the Sun on the Earth is greater. b. The force of the Earth on the Sun is greater. c. The forces are the same strength. d. The Earth does not exert a force on the Sun. 23. Which of the following would cause the gravitational force on the Moon by the Earth to increase? a. Move the Moon closer to Earth. c. Decrease the mass of the Moon. b. Decrease the mass of the Earth. d. Move the Moon farther away from Earth. 24. A spaceprobe is on its way to Mars from Earth. Assuming Earth is more massive than Mars, where on its journey would the gravitational force by Earth on the spaceprobe be the strongest? a. A little closer to Earth than Mars c. Surface of Earth b. Surface of Mars d. Halfway between Earth and Mars 25. Two asteroids (call them S and T) are a distance of 50 km from a space station. Asteroid S has 20 times the mass of asteroid T. Which asteroid will move faster toward the space station if the only force involved is their mutual gravitational attraction? a. asteroid S b. Both asteroids will move at the same speed. c. asteroid T d. Not enough information is available to answer. 26. Your test is Version A. Please fill in the circle for A for this question on your form. a. Mark this one c. not this one b. not this one d. not this one 4

5 ID: A Astro 101 Test 2 Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2.3 OBJ: Conceptual TOP: VI.B.i 2. ANS: C 3. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2.3 OBJ: Applied TOP: VII.A 4. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 2.3 OBJ: Define the phases of the Moon. MSC: Remembering 5. ANS: E like LT, 6. ANS: D 7. ANS: B 8. ANS: A 9. ANS: B 10. ANS: A 11. ANS: A 12. ANS: A 13. ANS: B 1

6 ID: A 14. ANS: C 15. ANS: C 16. ANS: A 17. ANS: C 18. ANS: D 19. ANS: C, like CLICKER 20. ANS: B 21. ANS: D 22. ANS: C, like LT 23. ANS: A 24. ANS: C LT 25. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 3.4 OBJ: Use Newton s universal law of gravitation to qualify the force of gravity between two objects in different physical situations. MSC: Applying 26. ANS: A 2