Social Accountability & Gender Session 5

Transcription

1 Social Accountability & Gender Session 5 Introduction to Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Analysis Learning Outcomes At the end of this session, participants should have a better understanding of the following: Elements of Gender Mainstreaming Basics of Gender Analysis (Why and What) Conducting a Gender Analysis (When and How) 1

2 Gender Mainstreaming - Is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in any area and at all levels. - Is a process for ensuring that both men and women have equal access to and control over resources, decision-making, and benefits at all stages of the development process and projects.

3 Entry Points for Gender Mainstreaming Institutional Level Policy Level Programs/Projects Level 3

4 A Strategy for Gender Mainstreaming Clear Policy Assessment of past Performance Action Plan Effective Partnerships 4

5 What is Gender Analysis? Gender Analysis is the process of analyzing information in order to ensure that development benefits and resources are effectively and equitably targeted to both women and men, and to successfully anticipate and avoid any negative impacts development interventions may have on women or gender relations. A methodology for collecting and processing information about gender. It provides disaggregated data by sex, and an understanding of the social construction of gender roles, and how labor is divided and valued. (UNDP) Gender Analysis is conducted through a variety of tools and frameworks. 5

6 When Do You Conduct a Gender Analysis? Gender Analysis should be undertaken at all stages of a program/project cycle, including: Identification of the project or activity; Planning or design of the activity; Implementation; and Monitoring and evaluation. 6

7 How Do You Conduct a Gender Analysis? Collect relevant data; Identify relevant gender issues; and Integrate relevant gender considerations into planning, design and implementation of a proposed development intervention. 7

8 What Information Do You Need for a Gender Analysis? Collection of Relevant Data: Sex disaggregated information for analysis (What is the current situation?) Identification of Relevant Gender Issues: Understand the institutional, economic, social, and political contexts (What are the differentials and what are the constraints?) Integration of Gender Considerations into Design and Implementation of a Proposed Intervention: Understand the priorities and needs of both men and women affected by the project (what do they need/want?) 8

9 Key Questions in Conducting a Gender Analysis Who does what? Are the roles, responsibilities, and priorities of men and women, both within and outside the household, different? Who owns what? Who controls what? Who has access to what? Are there differences among women and men? If there are differentials in the above two areas, what are the institutional, economic, and social factors that underlie, support, or influence them? Will failure to consider these differences in formulating development policies or designing interventions and implementing programs or projects impact negatively in terms of causing undesirable outcomes for males and/or females? If so, how, and what response is appropriate? 9

10 Elements of Gender Mainstreaming into Projects Conducting a sound Gender Analysis of the different roles, needs, priorities, and assets of men and women in respect to the sector or project involved, and of the impact of the proposed development intervention on males and females; Integrating measures or provisions into project design, based on the above information, to ensure that both women and men benefit from the project, to mitigate harm and provide alternative compensatory measures, in cases where the harm cannot be mitigated; Allocating resources, responsibilities and accountabilities to ensure that the measures will be implemented; and Monitoring and evaluating the results of project activities for both men and women and understanding the gender implications of these. 6

11 Operationalisisng a Gender Mainstreaming Strategy For a gender mainstreaming strategy to be implemented, the following support mechanisms are needed: Focal Points: i.e. persons in the government who are committed to gender equality issues and who serve as a source of information for other officials. Selected Data: particularly data that have been sorted between males and females (gender-disaggregated). Institutions: that care about and have a mandate for gender mainstreaming efforts. Examples include ministries, women s organizations, NGOs and associations. Budget: as a facility for implementing the gender mainstreaming strategy

12 Equality of Opportunity or Equality of Outcome?

13 Equal Opportunity Example Equal Opportunity employment has made it possible for people of all races to enter the national workforce, avoiding the discrimination of the past. By doing so it has diversified the workplace adding new levels of thinking and efficiency.

14 Equal Outcomes Equal Outcome policies have made sure that all women and men of all races, creeds, and peoples with disabilities are proportionally represented in the work place. This has sent a message to the minority that it is possible to for their group to succeed in a given workforce, thus giving them motivation to strive for the best and eventually eliminating the need for an equal outcome policy. But how do you make sure?

15 What is Affirmative Action? A policy or a program that seeks to redress past discrimination through active measures to ensure equal opportunity and equality of outcome, as in education and employment

16 Affirmative Action for Equality of Outcome So for example: Instead of just asking: How many women or girls can apply, or can Participate, or are represented? We ask: How many women or girls have actually participated? At what level? And why [not]? And How can we make sure that more women actually participate, have equal power and benefit at all levels?