Vertical communications. Building structures 2 Ing.Marcela Pavlíková, CSc.

Transcription

1 Vertical communications

2 STAIRS

3 STAIRS

4 STAIRS Basic terminology: staircase - all elements forming stairs stair space stair well flight landing main landing step - space structurally or at least functionally separated from other spaces of buildings - the connection between different levels, it contains min. 3 steps. - level space (platform) at the end of a flight of stairs or between 2 flight of stairs - on floor level intermediate landing (half landing) between 2 floor levels - the basic element of stairs tread riser noising...going (run)...rice

5 railing - support, barrier (handrail)

6 ascending line (walking line) stairs pitch (slope) - the line placed in theoretical axis of ascent - the optimum dimensions (design) are measured on walking line - the angle between ascending line and horizontal plane the stair s pitch determines the proportion between going and rise of steps - the stair s pitch depends on the function of buildings α

7 Stair s classification (according to different criterions) function main secondary auxiliary equalising

8 placement: internal external terrain

9 number of flights: single-flight double flight several flight three-flight four-flight branching

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11 Stairs classification - cont. plan form (stair plan types) ascending (walking) direction acc. to the material technology straight (run) stairs curved st. (ex.=spiral) blended (combined) direct right-turning left-turning wood, stone, steel, concrete, combinations cast-in-place prefabricated structure fully supported, newel, pier, string, slab, suspended, overhanging

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13 Basic requirements structural requirements architectural and circulation r. (functional) environmental requirements fire safety economical requirements loadbearing capacity placement (simple accessibility) safe and comfortable movement up and down aesthetic req. (shape, form) simple cleaning, maintenance lighting ventilation fire escape fire resistance durability

14 Structural requirements design of bearing elements: ultimate states: 1. bearing capacity 2. usability 3. durability the live-load of the area of staircase and corridors 3,0 kn/m2 residential buildings, hotels, kindergartens, nurseries, hospitals, office buildings,... 4,0 kn/m2 schools, stations such as railway stations, restaurants, theatres, cinemas, concert halls, libraries, selected industrial buildings 5,0 kn/m2 any kind of grand-stands (platforms) the live-load which affects on railing (horizontal and vertical direction) 1,0 kn/m schools, theatres,...high concentration of people 0,5 kn/m residential buildings, administration buildings

15 Architectural and circulation requirements Position in building - function of the building - simple accessibility - simple orientation Aestetic requirements - image of the building - corresponance with standard level (materials, colours, forms, shapes) ( maintenance, cleaning)

16 Architectural and circulation requirements Safe, comfortable movement Dimensions of steps and flight pitch (measurement) pitch = ratio 2 h + b = 630 mm max. recommended rise resp. stair pitch terrain public buildings administration residential b. without lift residential b. with a lift to the basement r 150mm 160mm 180mm α 33 o 35 o 35 o

17 min. recommended going 130 mm min. width of winder (only up) 210 mm min. width (non comfortable) on straight steps 230 mm safe movement 250 mm comfortable movement = min. tread

18 Stair pitch (slope) stair kind pitch/o/ riser ramp stair gentle current steep ladder step ladders ladders (vertical) 80-90

19 2. Flight width circulation, escape circulation strip 600 mm

20 minimum width auxiliary stairs 600 mm secondary stairs 900 mm main stairs in family houses 900 mm main stairs in residential build. (1100)mm! public buildings 1200 mm including gap max. 50 mm railing max. 50 mm handrailmax. 100 mm string max. 200 mm

21 Free passage

22 Length of central lending Number of steps in flight: min 3 max. 16 family houses, secondary stairs 18

23 Design of curved stair

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