Sacco and Vanzetti. Calvin Coolidge. John L. Lewis

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1 11 TERM DEFINITION Sacco and Vanzetti two Italian-born anarchists, unfairly tried and convicted for the armed robbery and murder of two pay-clerks in Massachusetts in 1920 Calvin Coolidge Republican who became 30th US President ( ) when Harding died, who tried to clean up scandals; business prospered and people's wealth increased during his presidency John L. Lewis United Mine Workers of America leader who organized the coal miners strike

2 Warren G. Harding 29th US President ( ) who called for a return to normalcy following WWI, his administration was involved in many scandals Kellogg-Briand Pact a 1929 treaty in which 64 nations agreed to renounce war as a means of solving international disputes Fordney-McCumber Tariff a set of regulations, enacted by Congress in 1922, that raised taxes on imports to record levels in order to protect American businesses against foreign competition Ohio gang a group of close friends and political supporters whom President Warren G. Harding appointed to his cabinet Albert B. Fall Harding's interior secretary, convicted of taking bribes for leases on federal oil reserves in the Teapot Dome scandal

3 Teapot Dome scandal Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall s secret leasing of oil-rich public land to private companies in return for money and land Clarence Darrow defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial, who argued that evolution should be taught in schools Scopes trial a sensational 1925 court case in which the biology teacher John T. Scopes was tried for challenging a Tennessee law that outlawed the teaching of evolution Babe Ruth greatest baseball player of the 1920's, who set a record by hitting 60 home runs in one season Gertrude Ederle first woman to swim across the English Channel

4 Charles A. Lindbergh first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean George Gershwin American composer of popular songs, musical comedies, and jazz-flavored orchestral works and operas Georgia O Keeffe American artist known for urban scenes and Southwest landscapes Sinclair Lewis 1920s American novelist who attacked American society with irony F. Scott Fitzgerald author of the "Great Gatsby" who showed the dark underside of the flashy life of the 1920s; credited the labeling of the period as the "Jazz Age"

5 Edna St. Vincent Millay wrote poems celebrating youth and a life of independence and freedom from traditional constraints Ernest Hemingway one of the most popular American writers of the 1920's who criticized war in works like "A Farewell to Arms" Zora Neale Hurston African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance James Weldon Johnson American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, antagonist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, and early civil rights activist during the Harlem Renaissance Marcus Garvey African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa

6 Harlem Renaissance period in the 1920s when AfricanAmerican achievements in art and music and literature flourished Claude McKay poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919 Langston Hughes leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance, who wrote verse, essays, and 32 books, and helped define the black experience in America Paul Robeson African American actor and singer who promoted African American rights Louis Armstrong leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance

7 Duke Ellington African American jazz composer, piano player, and bandleader during the Harlem Renaissance Bessie Smith African American blues singer who played and important role in the Harlem Renaissance