Otázka: History of the USA. Jazyk: Angličtina. Přidal(a): fessi. Before the civilisation

Transcription

1 Otázka: History of the USA Jazyk: Angličtina Přidal(a): fessi Before the civilisation America was first populated by Native Americans (people migrating from Asia) they had been living there about 50,000 years before Christopher Columbus came there actually the first explorer were Nordic nations when first European explorer arrived in America they started call them Indian arrival of European explorers in the 15 century ( arrival of Christopher Columbus) modern Southwest had been colonized by Spain and France later, the inhabited area by England became a British colony 1760s British government imposed a series of new taxes American Revolution 1775 to 1783 a war between Great Britain and the original 13 British colonies in America the French and Indian War cost Britain a lot of money. Britain wanted the American colonies to help pay for it 1760s British passed new laws that made colonists pay taxes on sugar, tea, and other things 1774 colonists held the First Continental Congress the colonists began to think that they were not getting their rights they wanted to be treated fairly by the English government the colonists organized their own army, the American Army was led by George Washington and the army were helped by France and Spain the colonies became independent in a constitution 1789 George Washington became the first President of the United States page 1 / 8

2 Civil War the southern states tried to leave the union - they did not want slavery to be banned, they states didn't want the North telling them what to do or making laws they didn't want they formed a new country, the Confederate States of America, and went to war with the US after four years of the war the industrial North was able to beat the South president Lincoln wanted the South to rejoin the Union but he was assassinated - without him the South was punished for the rebellion the Civil War was the first war that was widely photographed World War I America wanted to keep out of the war 1915 american factories were making a lot of weapons for Allies United States learns of Zimmermann telegram (telegram attempting to incite Mexico to attack the United States) Germans started the submarine war US declared war on Germany the United States was unprepared for its entrance into the First World War their army numbered only 300,000 Wilson s fourteen points The Great Depression 1929 the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history in the late 1920s, businesses and factories began to close began soon after the stock market crash economic depression spread across the country and the world rising levels of unemployment, people were without work and money, didn t have food or clothes Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 convinced Congress to pass the New Deal, helped keep banks in business and protect people s savings new deal: every U.S. state had ordered all remaining banks to close at the end of the fourth wave of banking panics new inventions: second hands, contraception World War II 1939 war broke out in Europe page 2 / 8

3 1941 Pearl Harbor attack took place (after US declared war to Japan and then Germany declared war to America) America joined the war with the Allies Manhattan project 1944 Invasion in Normandy (general Eisenhower) they knew they are going to win this war Cold War lasted over forty years (ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union) political and military tension after World War II America and the Soviet Union competed with the technology (mostly nuclear) there was a tension from the nuclear attacks problemes with the military bases Cuba F. Kennedy s assassination conflicts: after World War II, Korea was divided into North and South Korea. North Korea became communist. South Korea was a capitalist country. North Korean army invaded South Korea. The United Nations sent soldiers to help South Korea in 1959, Cuba became a communist country and the Soviets secretly put missiles there. President Kennedy was afraid the Soviet Union would attack the United States Korean War the Korean War was fought between South Korea and communist North Korea war began when the North Korean Communist army invaded non-communist South Korea it was the first major conflict of the Cold War as the Soviet Union supported North Korea and the United States supported South Korea war ended with little resolution, the countries are still divided today Vietnam War during the 1950s and 1960s, the United States fought wars to stop communism Vietnamese became independence in 1954 country was split into communist North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam in the early 1960s, communists in South Vietnam tried to overthrow the government the United States sent military advisers and supplies to help South Vietnam, later they sent also soldiers the U.S. was spending billions of dollars on the war. Many American soldiers were dying page 3 / 8

4 people had antiwar demonstrations in many parts of the country in 1969, Richard Nixon became president, he started bringing soldiers home over 55,000 Americans died in the war communism was not stopped in Vietnam Watergate and Richard Nixon a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington the scandal really begins during 1972, when the burglars were arrested the Nixon administration's tried to cover-up of its involvement by early 1974, the nation knew about Watergate Nixon lied about his involvement but there were the tapes proving he knew about the affair the resignation of Richard Nixon - the only resignation of a U.S. President to date Ronald Reagan and Star Wars 1980s the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), also called Star Wars USA wanted to put defensive shields into the space pressured the Soviet Union to end the Cold War the Falklands War, Reagan didn t want to help Great Britain in that war but he did American cowboy and Iron lady Operation Desert Storm 1990 Saddam Hussein, the dictator of Iraq, ordered his army across the border into Kuwai multi-national force assembled in Saudi Arabia to defend that nation and to prepare for the liberation of Kuwait an intense aerial campaign against Iraqi targets Bill Clinton Affair (Lewinsky scandal) a political sex scandal emerging in 1998, from a sexual relationship between Unite States President Bill Clinton and a 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky Clinton denied he had any sexual affair with Lewinsky page 4 / 8

5 Lewinsky had earlier also denied having such a relationship there was a tape of telephone conversations in which Lewinsky described her involvement with the president 11/9 (terrorist attacks) 2,997 people are killed in the September 11 attacks at the World Trade Center in New York City, The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-qaeda took responsibility for these attacks FAMOUS PERSONALITIES Benjamin Franklin one of the Founding Fathers of the United States (Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, George Washington) George Washington the first president of the United States Woodrow Wilson president during the First World War his idealistic 14 points formed the basis for the League of Nations Henry Ford the founder of the Ford Motor Company sponsor of the development and mass production Abraham Lincoln page 5 / 8

6 lawyer and later politician the 16th President of the United States the first republican president led the United States through its Civil War shot and killed by the Confederate sympathizer JohnWilkes Booth abolished legal slavery in US F. Kennedy an American politician who served as the 35 th President of the United States played a role in diffusing the Cuban missile crisis and the threat of nuclear war assassinated in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald who was arrested that afternoon and charged with the crime that night. Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald two days later, before a trial could take place Franklin D. Roosevelt the longest serving US President came to power during the crisis oversaw the US entry into the 2nd World War Harry Truman the 33rd President of the United States ordered atomic bombs dropped on cities Martin Luther King, jr. an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement Dwight D. Eisenhower the 34th President of the United States used nuclear threats to conclude the Korean War with China page 6 / 8

7 Henry Kissinger the 56th United States Secretary of State (today John Kerry) played a prominent role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977 George Bush jr. president during the 9/11 terrorist attacks, he led a US invasion of Iraq Barack Obama the first black President current president of the United states Sources page 7 / 8

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