Parking, Retail and Urban Economic Development Part I

Transcription

1 Parking, Retail and Urban Economic Development Part I P&P Training Event Dublin 26 November 2015 Giuliano Mingardo Erasmus University Rotterdam

2 Agenda Words of Welcome (Keith Gavin, IPA) Parking and Urban Mobility: setting the framework (G. Mingardo, EUR) National Transport Authority (A. Graham, Chief Executive NTA) Retail and Parking (G. Mingardo, EUR)

3 The project PUSH & PULL is a three-year EU-funded project ( ) The main aim of the project is to improve urban mobility in EU cities by means of parking management combined with mobility management The project includes 16 partners (10 EU countries)

4 The rationale behind PUSH & PULL Two of the major problems in urban transport are: 1. Overwhelming and steadily increasing use of cars in cities with the related negative impacts (i.e. congestion, pollution, lack of space ) 2. Lack of (financial) resources to encourage use of sustainable modes of transport A possible solution: Funding mechanism that makes use of the revenues of parking management (Push) to encourage the use of energyefficient modes of transport (Pull)

5 Parking and Urban Mobility: setting the framework

6 The development of parking policy

7 Example of stage 1: High Bentham, North Yorkshire, England Population: approx. 3,000

8 Example: time restrictions in Bree, Belgium Blue areas: max 2 hours parking Orange areas: max 1 hour parking Green areas: unlimited parking

9 The advent of pricing parking The first parking meters were introduced in Oklahoma City (USA) in 1935

10 Example: Paid parking in Amsterdam (2013) Pricing parking in the city of Amsterdam in 2013 (the different colours indicate different hourly fees)

11 Example: Park and Ride in the Netherlands Amsterdam Rotterdam

12 Example: differentiated parking tariffs in Madrid Since July, 1 st 2014 the fee motorists have to pay for onstreet parking in Madrid depends on the engine type and construction year. Electric vehicles can park for free; hybrids have a 20% reduction while heavy polluting vehicles pay 20% extra

13 Example: multiple use of parking facilities in the Netherlands The noise barriers along the A12 motorway near the Dutch city of Ede are also used as parking garage

14 Example: multiple use of parking facilities in the Copenhagen Copenhagen introduced in 2011 a pilot project with flexible onstreet parking: five parking spaces in front of a secondary school are dedicated for bike parking between 7:00am and 5:00pm and for car parking for the remaining period

15 Example: Workplace parking levy in Nottingham (UK) A workplace parking levy (WPL) is a tax on private nonresidential parking provided by employers, off-street, for their staff The City of Nottingham has introduced such a scheme in 2012 Employers with more than 10 staff are required to pay the City Council 288GBP (around 350 Euros) per year for each space in use

16 Exercise: position your own city In which stage of development is your city? Are you expecting to mover foreword in the near future? What is your next stage?

17 Effects of parking policy Parking has got relative little attention in the past; Little attention = Little knowledge; There is a huge lack of data [usage] in parking; As such, very often parking policy is based on feelings and emotions; only rarely on facts and knowledge! 17

18 Effects of parking policy We ve created suburbia by giving away parking lots for free (J. Jacobs) 18

19 Parking policy based on feelings There are many dilemma s and misunderstandings in parking policy; Very often parking = emotion; Wrong knowledge and/or lack of knowledge lead to wrong policies!! 19

20 Dilemma s in parking pricing policy Short vs. long parking; Mobility/Quality of life vs. Financial issue; (Traffic congestion vs. income;) Should residents pay for parking? Parking fee vs. Customers? 20

21 Misunderstandings in parking policy 1. Free parking exists; 2. Parking is a location factor for companies; 3. No parking = No business; 4. P&R facilities increase the accessibility of the city and reduce congestion in the innercity; 5. Parking in residential areas is a problem only in the innercity; 21

22 Urban Mobility

23 Urban Mobility In Europe there have been three general eras of urban mobility: 1890s till 1930s: WALKING 1930s till 1950s: BUS & BICYCLE 1960s on: CAR 23

24 How did urban mobility change in the last decennia? Two major changes happened: 1. The matrix Origin Destination (home-work) has changed; 2. The number and type of activities has changed;

25 Change 1 25

26 Change 2 HOME WORKPLACE HOME KINDERGARTEN FRIENDS WORKPLACE SUPERMARKET GYM 26

27 Cumulative Modal Contribution to Economic Opportunities Industrial Revolution Mass Production Globalization Economic Opportunities Canal shipping Horses Telecommunications Roads Air Railways Maritime shipping

28 How will mobility change in the coming decennia? Will more welfare bring more mobility? Will technology solve the problem? Are clean vehicles the solution? Will ICT reduce/replace the need of travel? Will culture and education play a role? Are the new generations different? Will car still be a status symbol?

29 Costs of mobility for the individual Generalized Transportation Costs (GTC): Monetary costs; Non monetary costs; How do you think the importance of these costs have changed over time? 29

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33 The future of mobility Supply of mobility Suppliers of a transport mode (Railways, Car manufacturers, Bike, ) Demand for mobility Demand for a transport mode (car, PT, bike, ) Suppliers of more transport modes (Mobility Mixx, Dutch Railways, ) Demand for a mobility solution (from A to B) SERVICE PROVIDER 33

34 The future of mobility The future of mobility 34

35 At Rotterdam Central Station there is more to get than your train 35

36 THANKS Giuliano Mingardo

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