The study about as cast microstructure and solidification
|
|
- Lee Howard
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The study about as cast microstructure and solidification process of Al-Mg-Si alloys
2 Introduction High-strength and high formability aluminum alloys are the highly demanded alloy in automobile industry, in this industry lightweight are popular alloys. The 6000 series Al-Mg-Si alloys (heat treatable) with good strength, corrosion resistance, and formability are the high applicable alloy in automobile industry. The elements of alloy have significant effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure. Silicon and magnesium are the elements of the 6000 series alloys to form Mg2Si.the formation of manganese-bearing dispersions is because of adding Manganese to alloys which will postpone the re crystallization. The impurity in alloys forms harmful intermetalic phases. In this research the effect these element on mechanical properties and microstructures will be explained. The process of solidification for Al-Mg is simple even if the magnesium has high amount in alloy the process has single α-al phase which formed after slow solidification, But in Al-mg-si (mg<wt%2) and si(<%1wt) the structure of as cast is complex, so SI addition has huge effect on solidification process. in this research based the solidification process of Al-Mg-Si will explained
3 The as-cast microstructure
4 Fig. 1 shows the as-cast microstructures of alloy II, It consisted of three phases: α-al, Mg2Si and Al15Si2(FeMn)3. They were identified by a combination of morphology, EPMA (Electron probe micro-analyzer)analysis (a) The as-cast microstructure of alloy II. (b) The eutectic compounds Mg2Si and Al15Si2(FeMn)3. (c) The ternary eutectic structure (backscattered imaging).
5 The as-cast microstructure The α-al phase formed the matrix of the material. Mg2Si had two shapes: one possessed a lamellar characteristic, while the other was small blocky. The Al15Si2(FeMn)3 phase also had two shapes: one was coarse blocky, the other was small blocky. The comparatively coarse lamellar Mg2Si and coarse blocky or Chinese script Al15Si2(FeMn)3 were the products of binary eutectic reactions L α-al+mg2si and L α-al+al15si2(femn)3, the small blocky Mg2Si and Al15Si2(FeMn)3 were the products of ternary eutectic L α-al+mg2si+al15si2 (FeMn)3. They formed at different solidifcation stages and were distributed at the grain boundary and interdendritic regions
6 The as-cast microstructure The compositions of the phases formed at different solidification stages were analysed by EPMA and are summarized in Table below. About Mg2Si, the compositions of the constituents formed from the binary eutectic reaction (the lamellar) and the ternary eutectic reaction (the smaller block) are almost the same. But their stoichiometry deviated from the nominal com-position of Mg2Si. For Al15Si2(FeMn)3, the small blocky shape resulting from the ternary eutectic reaction possessed slightly lower silicon and manganese contents than the coarse shape. Their stoichiometry deviated from the nominal composition of the Al15Si2(FeMn)3. These stoichiometry deviations resulted from the non-equilibrium eutectic reaction
7 Fig. 2 shows the as-cast microstructures of the alloys I and III. In general, they consisted of α-al matrix plus eutectic compounds. In alloy I, the eutectic structure Mg2Si was much less than alloys II and III, it only existed in a few interdendritic regions. Moreover, the ternary eutectic structure is hard to find, while in alloy III, the fraction and size of Mg2Si increased remarkably. From imaging analysis results, alloy II had 3.01% eutectic structure, alloy III had 4.76%. Obviously, they were influenced by both magnesium content and silicon content in the alloy. On the other hand, another intermetallic compound, coarse blocky Al15Si2(FeMn)3 was almost the same in all three alloys, both in size and in volume fraction The as-cast microstructures of (a) alloys I and (b) III.
8 Tensile testing during solidification For evaluation of mechanical properties in mushy zone of alloys (like strength) to methods are existing : 1. Performing the test after the specimen reached to solidus temperature,(heating up form ambient solidus temperature before the test) 2. Performing the mechanical property test after melting the sample and the cooled it down the called it re melt type
9
10 Tensile testing during solidification In this experiment solidification structure was gained. as we could see Tensile strength increase slowly by decreasing temperature from 893K to 833K, but for temperature less than 833K tensile strength increase significantly. the elongation increase slowly for the temperature less than 833K,so is obvious that tensile strength and elongation behaviour are different, this because the liquid existence along dendrites, which will effect on strength and ductility
11 Relation of tensile strength, breaking elongation, solid fraction and temperature
12 Mechanical properties; ZDT and ZST Figure above shows the relationship of tensile strength, elongation, solid fraction and temperature. At the 893 K, tensile strength is zero ZST is(definition): The minimum temperature above which strength was not Perceptible,based on definition ZST of this alloy is 893K so the temperature 893K is ZST of this alloyand solid fraction at this point is 0.69 In the same manner (Zero Ductility Temperature) was defined as the minimum temperature above which alloys showed no ductility. ZDT and ZST are important point in solidification az we could see in Fig 4 there is tmperture rang between ZDT and ZST because of no ductility and low strength thealloy is snsetive for hot tearing in this range.
13 Observation of macro structure at breaking section of tensile testing sample: a); T = 888K (f s =0:74), b); T = 863K( f s = 0:85), c); T = 833K (f s = 0:91) and T = 783K (f s = 1:0).
14 Effects of cooling rate Fig blow is presenting the relation between cooling rate and area fraction of eutectics,you observe that there is a positive relation between area fraction and cooling rate it means by increasing the cooling rate area of fraction will be increased too, the relationship could be describe based on following equation: f= log (T)
15 Relationship between area fraction of eutectics and cooling rate
16 Effects of cooling rate In this equation f and T are respectively presenting the area fraction of eutecticsand cooling rate. even though the alloy composition is less than the solubility limit of A1-Mg-Si system, solid solution segregation will cause the formation eutectics by increasing the cooling rate, segregation will be more effecting on the solute atom so that base on above discussion the eutectic area of fraction will be increased by increasing the cooling rate, the higher the cooling rate will cause a better microstructure. of the alloy is much less than the solubility limit
17
18 Effects of cooling rate So that it means the fraction of ternary eutectics has the highest amount at the cooling rate of 430 C/min. So based on result from microstructure observations and image analysis,,it is obvious that cooling rate is effecting the process of solidification, for the low cooling rate the sequence of solidification process is : L α-a1 + L 1 α-a1 + (α-a1 + Mg2Si ) + L 2 α-a1 + (α-a1 + Mg2Si) +(α-a1 + Mg2Si + Si) When the cooling rates is high, the sequence od the process is: L α-a1+ L 1 α-a1 + (α-a1 + Si) + L α-a1 + (α-a1 +Si) + (α-a1 + Mg2Si + Si)
19 Conclusions 1. Solidification process of Al-Mg-Si alloys is complicated for the studied alloy the process was: L α-al+l1 α-al+al15si2 (FeMn)3+L2 α-al+al15si2(femn)3+(α-al+ Mg2Si )+L3Pa-Al+Al15Si2(FeMn)3+(α-Al+Mg2Si)+(a- Al+Mg2Si+Al15Si2(FeMn)3), and a wide solidification temperature of 75 C. 2. The amount of magnesium present in alloys has huge effete on the as cast microstructure, when the amount of magnesium is high more Mg2Si will be present,and in this type of alloy both binary eutectic structure, and ternary eutectic structure will be formed. 3. The temperature for ZST was 893k and soli fraction of 0.69,and for ZDT happened at the temperature of 883K and amount of solid fraction was For studied alloys for effect of cooling rate,the results of image analysis show that relative fraction of ternary eutectics could have the highest amount at the cooling rate of 430 C/min
Introduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams. Phase Diagrams. University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1
Phase Diagrams University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1 Chapter Outline: Phase Diagrams Microstructure and Phase Transformations in Multicomponent Systems Definitions and basic
More informationPhase. Gibbs Phase rule
Phase diagrams Phase A phase can be defined as a physically distinct and chemically homogeneous portion of a system that has a particular chemical composition and structure. Water in liquid or vapor state
More informationChapter 8. Phase Diagrams
Phase Diagrams A phase in a material is a region that differ in its microstructure and or composition from another region Al Al 2 CuMg H 2 O(solid, ice) in H 2 O (liquid) 2 phases homogeneous in crystal
More informationIron-Carbon Phase Diagram (a review) see Callister Chapter 9
Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram (a review) see Callister Chapter 9 University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1 The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram In their simplest form,
More informationFEATURES AND BENEFITS OF DIFFERENT PLATINUM ALLOYS. Kris Vaithinathan and Richard Lanam Engelhard Corporation
FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF DIFFERENT PLATINUM ALLOYS Kris Vaithinathan and Richard Lanam Engelhard Corporation Introduction There has been a significant increase in the world wide use of platinum for jewelry
More informationWJM Technologies excellence in material joining
Girish P. Kelkar, Ph.D. (562) 743-7576 girish@welding-consultant.com www.welding-consultant.com Weld Cracks An Engineer s Worst Nightmare There are a variety of physical defects such as undercut, insufficient
More informationPRECIPITATION AND SOFTENING BEHAVIOUR OF CAST, COLD ROLLED AND HOT ROLLING PRIOR TO COLD ROLLED AL-6MG ALLOY ANNEALED AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Precipitation and softening behaviour of cast, cold rolled and hot rolling prior 32 PRECIPITATION AND SOFTENING BEHAVIOUR OF CAST, COLD ROLLED AND HOT ROLLING PRIOR TO COLD ROLLED AL-MG ALLOY ANNEALED
More information9.11 Upon heating a lead-tin alloy of composition 30 wt% Sn-70 wt% Pb from 150 C and utilizing Figure
9-13 9.8: 9.11 Upon heating a lead-tin alloy of composition 30 wt% Sn-70 wt% Pb from 150 C and utilizing Figure (a) The first liquid forms at the temperature at which a vertical line at this composition
More informationThe Effects of Electromagnetic Vibration on Macrosegregation in AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Billets
Materials Transactions, Vol. 47, No. 2 (2006) pp. 392 to 398 #2006 The Japan Institute of Metals The Effects of Electromagnetic Vibration on Macrosegregation in AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Billets Shijie Guo,
More informationAluminum Alloys. casting or a semisolid casting
Functionality & Service Requirements When determining how a component will function, the first question to ask is: what purpose will the component serve? Choosing the alloy, casting process and thermal
More informationBINARY SYSTEMS. Definition of Composition: Atomic (molar) fraction. Atomic percent. Mass fraction. Mass percent (weight percent)
BINARY SYSTEMS Definition of Composition: Atomic (molar) fraction Atomic percent Mass fraction Mass percent (weight percent) na =, x i n = A i i i Weight percent mainly in industry! x at % A = x 100 A
More informationAblation of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Paper 11-057.pdf, Page 1 of 7 Copyright 2011 American Foundry Society Ablation of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites D. Weiss Eck Industries, Manitowoc, WI J. Grassi Alotech LLC Ltd., Brooklyn, OH B. Schultz,
More informationAlloys & Their Phase Diagrams
Alloys & Their Phase Diagrams Objectives of the class Gibbs phase rule Introduction to phase diagram Practice phase diagram Lever rule Important Observation: One question in the midterm Consider the Earth
More informationEffects of Alloying in Near-Eutectic Tin Silver Copper Solder Joints
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 8 (2002) pp. 1827 to 1832 Special Issue on Lead-Free Electronics Packaging c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals Effects of Alloying in Near-Eutectic Tin Silver Copper
More informationCrystal Structure of Aluminum, Zinc, and their Alloys By: Omar Fajardo Sebastian Henao Devin Baines ENGR45, F2014, SRJC
Crystal Structure of Aluminum, Zinc, and their Alloys By: Omar Fajardo Sebastian Henao Devin Baines ENGR45, F2014, SRJC Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to examine and observe the microstructure
More informationSection 4: NiResist Iron
Section 4: NiResist Iron Section 4 Ni-Resist Description of Grades...4-2 201 (Type 1) Ni-Resist...4-3 202 (Type 2) Ni-Resist...4-6 Stock Listings...4-8 4-1 Ni-Resist Description of Grades Ni-Resist Dura-Bar
More informationSAND CAST CHILL CAST LM4 - TF
1 This alloy conforms with British Standards 1490 and is similar to the obsolete specifications BS.L79 and D.T.D 424A. Castings may be in the cast (M) of fully heat treated (TF) conditions. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
More informationObjectives/Introduction Extraction of zinc Physical properties of zinc Zinc casting alloys Wrought zinc alloys Engineering design with zinc alloys
Lecture 7 Zinc and its alloys Subjects of interest Objectives/Introduction Extraction of zinc Physical properties of zinc Zinc casting alloys Wrought zinc alloys Engineering design with zinc alloys Objectives
More informationIII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10 vol pct H 3 PO 4 at 50 C for 60 seconds. The phases as Figure 2 shows the DTA curves of various filler metals
Development of a Low-Melting-Point Filler Metal for Brazing Aluminum Alloys T.H. CHUANG, M.S. YEH, L.C. TSAO, T.C. TSAI, and C.S. WU The study is concerned with developing low-melting-point filler metals
More informationDefects Introduction. Bonding + Structure + Defects. Properties
Defects Introduction Bonding + Structure + Defects Properties The processing determines the defects Composition Bonding type Structure of Crystalline Processing factors Defects Microstructure Types of
More informationLecture: 33. Solidification of Weld Metal
Lecture: 33 Solidification of Weld Metal This chapter presents common solidification mechanisms observed in weld metal and different modes of solidification. Influence of welding speed and heat input on
More informationMSE 528 - PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN 7075 ALUMINUM ALLOY
MSE 528 - PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN 7075 ALUMINUM ALLOY Objective To study the time and temperature variations in the hardness and electrical conductivity of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alloy on isothermal
More informationLecture 19: Eutectoid Transformation in Steels: a typical case of Cellular
Lecture 19: Eutectoid Transformation in Steels: a typical case of Cellular Precipitation Today s topics Understanding of Cellular transformation (or precipitation): when applied to phase transformation
More informationInfluence of ageing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium-silicon cast alloys - Al-9%Si-3%Cu and Al-9%Si-0.
Influence of ageing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium-silicon cast alloys - Al-9%Si-3%Cu and Al-9%Si-0.4%Mg M.Gwóźdź K.Kwapisz Bachelor Thesis June 2008 Department of
More informationEFFECT OF COOLING RATE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EUTECTIC AND HYPOEUTECTIC Al-Si ALLOYS
Number 6 Volume 17 December 2011 Journal of Engineering Dr. Zeyad D. Kadhim Materials Engineering. Dep. College of Engineering. University of Al-Mustansiriya- Baghdad-Iraq ABSTRACT In this research the
More informationProblems in Welding of High Strength Aluminium Alloys
Singapore Welding Society Newsletter, September 1999 Problems in Welding of High Strength Aluminium Alloys Wei Zhou Nanyang Technological University, Singapore E-mail: WZhou@Cantab.Net Pure aluminium has
More informationWeld Cracking. An Excerpt from The Fabricators' and Erectors' Guide to Welded Steel Construction. The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation
Weld Cracking An Excerpt from The Fabricators' and Erectors' Guide to Welded Steel Construction The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation Weld Cracking Several types of discontinuities may occur in welds
More informationPhase Equilibria & Phase Diagrams
Phase Equilibria & Phase Diagrams Week7 Material Sciences and Engineering MatE271 1 Motivation Phase diagram (Ch 9) Temperature Time Kinematics (Ch 10) New structure, concentration (mixing level) (at what
More informationHigh Strength and Wear Resistant Aluminum Alloy for High Temperature Applications
High Strength and Wear Resistant Aluminum Alloy for High Temperature Applications JONATHAN A. LEE NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Mail Code ED33 Huntsville, AL 35812 Email: Jonathan.Lee@msfc.nasa.gov
More informationHIGH STRENGTH DUCTILE IRON PRODUCED BY THE ENGINEERED COOLING: PROCESS CONCEPT
IJMC14-244-2 HIGH STRENGTH DUCTILE IRON PRODUCED BY THE ENGINEERED COOLING: PROCESS CONCEPT Copyright 215 American Foundry Society Abstract Simon N. Lekakh Missouri University of Science and Technology,
More informationCorrosion-induced cracking of model train zincaluminium
Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR Corrosion-induced cracking of model train zincaluminium die castings R.J.H. Wanhill and T. Hattenberg This report may be cited
More informationCh. 4: Imperfections in Solids Part 1. Dr. Feras Fraige
Ch. 4: Imperfections in Solids Part 1 Dr. Feras Fraige Outline Defects in Solids 0D, Point defects vacancies Interstitials impurities, weight and atomic composition 1D, Dislocations edge screw 2D, Grain
More informationInterface Reaction and Mechanical Properties of Lead-free Sn Zn Alloy/Cu Joints
Materials Transactions, Vol. 43, No. 8 (2002) pp. 1797 to 1801 Special Issue on Lead-Free Electronics Packaging c 2002 The Japan Institute of Metals Interface Reaction and Mechanical Properties of Lead-free
More informationAging and Mechanical Behavior of Be-Treated 7075 Aluminum Alloys
Aging and Mechanical Behavior of Be-Treated 7075 Aluminum Alloys Mahmoud M. Tash, S. Alkahtani Abstract The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of pre-aging and aging parameters (time
More informationInterfacial Reaction between Sn Ag Co Solder and Metals
Materials Transactions, Vol. 46, No. 11 (25) pp. 2394 to 2399 Special Issue on Lead-Free ing in Electronics III #25 The Japan Institute of Metals Interfacial Reaction between Sn Ag Co and Metals Hiroshi
More informationThe mechanical properties of metal affected by heat treatment are:
Training Objective After watching this video and reviewing the printed material, the student/trainee will learn the basic concepts of the heat treating processes as they pertain to carbon and alloy steels.
More informationEFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF TI-6AL-4V ALLOY
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2013 Sabry S Youssef et al., 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2278 0149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 2, No. 4, October 2013 2013 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS
More informationComparison of the Mechanical Properties of Steel and Ductile Iron Pipe Materials
1301 Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Steel and Ductile Iron Pipe Materials Brent Keil 1, Jack Devletian 2 ABSTRACT Water infrastructure engineers commonly evaluate a variety of pipe materials
More informationAutogenous Laser Welding of Aluminum
Hans Leidich OEM Laser Specialist Laser Technology Center TRUMPF Inc. Why Autogenous Simpler Less hardware Easier process Faster speed Should be first approach (if doesn t work, then go to the next step)
More informationThe Metallurgy of Copper Wire By Dr. Horace Pops Director-Metals Laboratory Superior Essex Industries
The Metallurgy of Copper Wire By Dr. Horace Pops Director-Metals Laboratory Superior Essex Industries Introduction Copper is the preferred and predominant choice in the electrical industry because of its
More informationμ α =μ β = μ γ = =μ ω μ α =μ β =μ γ = =μ ω Thus for c components, the number of additional constraints is c(p 1) ( ) ( )
Phase Diagrams 1 Gibbs Phase Rule The Gibbs phase rule describes the degrees of freedom available to describe a particular system with various phases and substances. To derive the phase rule, let us begin
More informationA Multilayer Clad Aluminum Material with Improved Brazing Properties
A Multilayer Clad Aluminum Material with Improved Brazing Properties An interlayer between cladding and core is shown to be an effective barrier against silicon penetration during brazing BY H. ENGSTROM
More informationChapter Outline: Phase Transformations in Metals
Chapter Outline: Phase Transformations in Metals Heat Treatment (time and temperature) Microstructure Mechanical Properties Kinetics of phase transformations Multiphase Transformations Phase transformations
More informationCHAPTER 9 Part 1. = 5 wt% Sn-95 wt% Pb C β. = 98 wt% Sn-2 wt% Pb. = 77 wt% Ag-23 wt% Cu. = 51 wt% Zn-49 wt% Cu C γ. = 58 wt% Zn-42 wt% Cu
CHAPTER 9 Part 1 9.5 This problem asks that we cite the phase or phases present for several alloys at specified temperatures. (a) For an alloy composed of 15 wt% Sn-85 wt% Pb and at 100 C, from Figure
More informationPRECIPITATION HARDENING OF ZINC ALLOYS CASTINGS PRECIPITAČNÍ VYTVRZOVÁNÍ ODLITKŮ SLITIN ZINKU
PRECIPITATION HARDENING OF ZINC ALLOYS CASTINGS PRECIPITAČNÍ VYTVRZOVÁNÍ ODLITKŮ SLITIN ZINKU Iva NOVÁ a, Iva NOVÁKOVÁ b, Jiří MACHUTA c a Technická univerzita v Liberci, Studentská 2, 463 17 Liberec,
More informationPhase Transformations in Metals and Alloys
Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys THIRD EDITION DAVID A. PORTER, KENNETH E. EASTERLING, and MOHAMED Y. SHERIF ( г йс) CRC Press ^ ^ ) Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press
More informationHeat Treatment of Steel
Heat Treatment of Steel Steels can be heat treated to produce a great variety of microstructures and properties. Generally, heat treatment uses phase transformation during heating and cooling to change
More informationOXIDE FILM AND POROSITY DEFECTS IN MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ91
OXIDE FILM AND POROSITY DEFECTS IN MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ91 Liang Wang 1, Hongjoo Rhee 1, Sergio D. Felicelli 1,2, Adrian S. Sabau 3, John T. Berry 1,2 1 Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi
More informationInterfacial Properties of Zn Sn Alloys as High Temperature Lead-Free Solder on Cu Substrate
Materials Transactions, Vol. 46, No. 11 (2005) pp. 2413 to 2418 Special Issue on Lead-Free Soldering in Electronics III #2005 The Japan Institute of Metals Interfacial Properties of Zn Sn Alloys as High
More informationMaterials Science & Engineering A
Materials Science & Engineering A 564 (2013) 130 139 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Materials Science & Engineering A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/msea Effect of iron on
More informationTHREE MAIN SOLIDIFICATION REACTIONS OF VANADIUM MODIFIED T1 TUNGSTEN HIGH SPEED TOOL STEEL. Hossam Halfa
THREE MAIN SOLIDIFICATION REACTIONS OF VANADIUM MODIFIED T1 TUNGSTEN HIGH SPEED TOOL STEEL Hossam Halfa Steel Technology Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), Helwan, Egypt, hossamhalfa@cmrdi.sci.eg;
More informationMaterials Issues in Fatigue and Fracture
Materials Issues in Fatigue and Fracture 5.1 Fundamental Concepts 5.2 Ensuring Infinite Life 5.3 Finite Life 5.4 Summary FCP 1 5.1 Fundamental Concepts Structural metals Process of fatigue A simple view
More informationMICROSTRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAY CAST IRON AND AlSi ALLOY AFTER LASER BEAM HARDENING
Materials Science Forum Vols. 638-642 (2010) pp 769-774 Online available since 2010/Jan/12 at www.scientific.net (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.769
More informationDer Einfluss thermophysikalischer Daten auf die numerische Simulation von Gießprozessen
Der Einfluss thermophysikalischer Daten auf die numerische Simulation von Gießprozessen Tagung des Arbeitskreises Thermophysik, 4. 5.3.2010 Karlsruhe, Deutschland E. Kaschnitz Österreichisches Gießerei-Institut
More informationDevelopment of Zinc Die Casting Alloys with Improved Fluidity Progress in Thin Section Zinc Die Casting Technology
This paper is subject to revision. Statements and opinions advanced in this paper or during presentation are the author s and are his/her responsibility, not the Association s. The paper has been edited
More informationCHAPTER ITT. FORMUliATlUN OF THE PROBLEM. review of the literature on superalloys, then- processing and high temperature oxidation behaviour leads to
CHAPTER ITT FORMUliATlUN OF THE PROBLEM 3.1 CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL OF TECHNOLOGY OF SUPERALLOYS A critical review of the literature on superalloys, then- processing and high temperature oxidation behaviour
More informationHeat Treatment of Aluminum Foundry Alloys. Fred Major Rio Tinto Alcan
Heat Treatment of Aluminum Foundry Alloys Fred Major Rio Tinto Alcan OUTLINE Basics of Heat Treatment (What is happening to the metal at each step). Atomic Structure of Aluminum Deformation Mechanisms
More informationNorth American Stainless
North American Stainless Long Products Stainless Steel Grade Sheet AISI 316 UNS S31600 EN 1.4401 AISI 316L UNS S31630 EN 1.4404 INTRODUCTION NAS provides 316 and 316L SS, which are molybdenum-bearing austenitic
More informationRAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED COPPER ALLOYS RIBBONS
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES Scientific paper UDC:669.35-153.881-412.2=20 RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED COPPER ALLOYS RIBBONS M. ŠULER 1, L. KOSEC 1, A. C. KNEISSL 2, M. BIZJAK 1, K. RAIĆ
More informationCross-Interaction Between Au and Cu in Au/Sn/Cu Ternary Diffusion Couples
Cross-Interaction Between Au and Cu in Au/Sn/Cu Ternary Diffusion Couples C. W. Chang 1, Q. P. Lee 1, C. E. Ho 1 1, 2, *, and C. R. Kao 1 Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering 2 Institute of Materials
More informationDissimilar Friction Stir Welding for Tailor-Welded Blanks of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys
Materials Transactions, Vol. 50, No. 1 (2009) pp. 197 to 203 #2009 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding for Tailor-Welded Blanks of Aluminum and Magnesium
More informationREACTIONS IN THE SN CORNER OF THE CU-SN-ZN ALLOY SYSTEM
REACTIONS IN THE SN CORNER OF THE CU-SN-ZN ALLOY SYSTEM D.D. Perovic, L Snugovsky and J.W. Rutter Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada doug.perovic@utoronto.ca
More informationMICROALLOYED Sn-Cu Pb-FREE SOLDER FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS
MICROALLOYED Sn-Cu Pb-FREE SOLDER FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS Keith Howell 1, Keith Sweatman 1, Motonori Miyaoka 1, Takatoshi Nishimura 1, Xuan Quy Tran 2, Stuart McDonald 2, and Kazuhiro Nogita
More informationCENTRIFUGAL CASTING. Email: amitjoshi@iitb.ac.in amitjoshi1000@yahoo.ca
CENTRIFUGAL CASTING Amit M Joshi (B.Engg. Mechanical, A.M.I.Prod.E, A.I.E) Dept. of Metallurgical Engg. & Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India. Email: amitjoshi@iitb.ac.in amitjoshi1000@yahoo.ca
More informationA Solutal Interaction Mechanism for the Columnarto-Equiaxed Transition in Alloy Solidification
A Solutal Interaction Mechanism for the Columnarto-Equiaxed Transition in Alloy Solidification M.A. MARTORANO, C. BECKERMANN, and Ch.-A. GANDIN A multiphase/multiscale model is used to predict the columnar-to-equiaxed
More informationCHAPTER 8. Phase Diagrams 8-1
CHAPTER 8 Phase Diagrams 8-1 Introducción Fase: Una region en un material que difiere en estructura y función de otra región. Diagramas de fase : Representan las fases presentes en el metal a diferentes
More informationEXPERIMENT 1 (Organic Chemistry I)
EXPERIMENT 1 (Organic Chemistry I) Melting Point Determination Purpose a) Determine the purity of a substance using melting point as physical property b) Identify an unknown compound using its melting
More informationHow do single crystals differ from polycrystalline samples? Why would one go to the effort of growing a single crystal?
Crystal Growth How do single crystals differ from polycrystalline samples? Single crystal specimens maintain translational symmetry over macroscopic distances (crystal dimensions are typically 0.1 mm 10
More informationHigh temperature Cu-AI-Nb- based shape memory alloys
J. Phys. IVFrance 11 (2001) Pr8487 EDP Sciences, Les Ulis High temperature CuAINb based shape memory alloys J. Lelatko and H. Morawiec Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Metals, University of Silesia,
More informationPOURING THE MOLTEN METAL
HEATING AND POURING To perform a casting operation, the metal must be heated to a temperature somewhat above its melting point and then poured into the mold cavity to solidify. In this section, we consider
More informationInfluence of Steel Scrap on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron
Materials Transactions, Vol. 44, No. 7 (2003) pp. 1419 to 1424 #2003 The Japan Institute of Metals Influence of Scrap on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Sadato
More informationChapter Test A. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures MULTIPLE CHOICE. chemically combined? MIXs2 a. element b. compound c. mixture d.
Assessment Chapter Test A Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. What is a pure substance made of two or more elements that are
More informationInvestigation of Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Extrusion Process of Magnesium Alloy Fin Structural Parts
Investigation of Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Extrusion Process of Magnesium Alloy Fin Structural Parts Su-Hai Hsiang, Yi-Wei Lin, and Wen-Hao Chien Department of Mechanical Engineering National
More informationCasting Process Simulation of Compacted Graphite Iron (03-025)
Casting Process Simulation of Compacted Graphite Iron (03-025) Copyright 2003 American Foundry Society Dipl.-Ing. C. Heisser MAGMA Foundry Technologies, Inc., Arlington Heights, Illinois Dr.-Ing. Jörg
More informationNorth American Stainless
North American Stainless Long Products Stainless Steel Grade Sheet 2205 UNS S2205 EN 1.4462 2304 UNS S2304 EN 1.4362 INTRODUCTION Types 2205 and 2304 are duplex stainless steel grades with a microstructure,
More informationAnalysis of Casting Defects in Foundry by Computerised Simulations (CAE) - A New Approach along with Some Industrial Case Studies
Analysis of Casting Defects in Foundry by Computerised Simulations (CAE) - A New Approach along with Some Industrial Case Studies Tapan Roy Asst. General Manager - Methods, Texmaco Rail & Engg. Ltd., Steel
More informationES 104: Laboratory # 7 IGNEOUS ROCKS
ES 104: Laboratory # 7 IGNEOUS ROCKS Introduction Igneous rocks form from the cooling and crystallization of molten rock material. This can occur below the surface of the earth forming intrusive rocks
More informationFriction stir butt welding of A5052-O aluminum alloy plates
Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 22(2012) s619 s623 Friction stir butt welding of A5052-O aluminum alloy plates Sung-Ook YOON 1, Myoung-Soo KANG 1, Hyun-Bin NAM 1, Yong-Jai KWON 1, Sung-Tae HONG 2, Jin-Chun
More informationLecture 14. Chapter 8-1
Lecture 14 Fatigue & Creep in Engineering Materials (Chapter 8) Chapter 8-1 Fatigue Fatigue = failure under applied cyclic stress. specimen compression on top bearing bearing motor counter flex coupling
More informationThe atomic packing factor is defined as the ratio of sphere volume to the total unit cell volume, or APF = V S V C. = 2(sphere volume) = 2 = V C = 4R
3.5 Show that the atomic packing factor for BCC is 0.68. The atomic packing factor is defined as the ratio of sphere volume to the total unit cell volume, or APF = V S V C Since there are two spheres associated
More informationBinary phase diagrams
inary phase diagrams inary phase diagrams and ibbs free energy curves inary solutions with unlimited solubility Relative proportion of phases (tie lines and the lever principle) Development of microstructure
More informationEffect of PWB Plating on the Microstructure and Reliability of SnAgCu Solder Joints
Effect of PWB Plating on the Microstructure and Reliability of SnAgCu Solder Joints Y. Zheng, C. Hillman, P. McCluskey CALCE Electronic Products and Systems Center A. James Clark School of Engineering
More informationThermodynamic database of the phase diagrams in copper base alloy systems
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 66 (2005) 256 260 www.elsevier.com/locate/jpcs Thermodynamic database of the phase diagrams in copper base alloy systems C.P. Wang a, X.J. Liu b, M. Jiang b,
More informationChapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms
Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Motion of dislocations in response to stress Slip
More informationIdentification of Phases Formed by Cu and Ni in Al Si Piston Alloys
Identification of Phases Formed by and Ni in Al Si Piston Alloys S. Manasijević N. Dolić K. Raić R. Radiša This paper presents the results of identifying and analyzing the phases present in the microstructure
More informationNorth American Stainless
North American Stainless Flat Products Stainless Steel Grade Sheet 310S (S31008)/ EN 1.4845 Introduction: SS310 is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel designed for elevated-temperature service.
More informationSolidification, Crystallization & Glass Transition
Solidification, Crystallization & Glass Transition Cooling the Melt solidification Crystallization versus Formation of Glass Parameters related to the formaton of glass Effect of cooling rate Glass transition
More informationAluminum Metallurgy What Metal Finishers Should Know
Help Log-in Site News Home About Us Services Publications Links Contact Us Accreditation Q & A Forums Print This Document Back again for installment #5 of the Omega Update! This past summer we began our
More informationControl of Equilibrium Phases (M,T,S) in the Modified Aluminum Alloy 7175 for Thick Forging Applications
Materials Transactions, Vol. 44, No. 1 (2003) pp. 181 to 187 #2003 The Japan Institute of Metals EXPRESS REGULAR ARTICLE Control of Equilibrium Phases (M,T,S) in the Modified Aluminum Alloy 7175 for Thick
More informationASTM A860/A860M-09 Standard Specification for Wrought High Strength. Ferritic Steel Butt Welding Fittings. 1. Scope :- 2. Reference Documents :-
Standard Specification for Wrought High Strength Ferritic Steel Butt Welding Fittings 1. Scope :- 1.1 This specification covers wrought high strength ferritic steel butt-welding fitting of seamless and
More informationThermal Factors of Die Casting and Their Impact on the Service Life of Moulds and the Quality of Castings
Acta Polytechnica Hungarica Vol. 0, No. 3, 203 hermal Factors of Die Casting and heir Impact on the Service Life of Moulds and the Quality of Castings Darina Matisková ( ), Štefan Gašpar ( 2), Ladislav
More informationStructural and mechanical properties of Al Si alloys obtained by fast cooling of a levitated melt
Materials Science and Engineering A 390 (2005) 63 69 Structural and mechanical properties of Al Si alloys obtained by fast cooling of a levitated melt S.P. Nikanorov a,, M.P. Volkov a, V.N. Gurin a, Yu.A.
More informationDevelopment of a High Performance Nickel-Free P/M Steel. Bruce Lindsley. Senior Materials Engineer, Hoeganaes Corporation, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA
Development of a High Performance Nickel-Free P/M Steel Bruce Lindsley Senior Materials Engineer, Hoeganaes Corporation, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA Abstract A developmental nickel-free P/M steel containing
More informationMaterials Sciences. Dr.-Ing. Norbert Hort norbert.hort@gkss.de. International Masters Programme in Biomedical Engineering
Materials Sciences International Masters Programme in Biomedical Engineering Magnesium Innovations Center (MagIC) GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH Dr.-Ing. Norbert Hort norbert.hort@gkss.de Contents
More informationAluminium alloys Extrusions and forgings
AI Extrusions and forgings AI Extrusions and forgings Aluminium wrought alloys are the light alloys with the most balanced properties. Beside their low specific weight they may also have the following
More informationChapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods
Chapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods 1.1 The Discovery Process o Chemistry - The study of matter o Matter - Anything that has mass and occupies space, the stuff that things are made of. This
More informationALLOY 6022 SHEET. Higher Strength with Improved Formability SUPPLYING THE WORLD S BEST
SUPPLYING THE WORLD S BEST DESCRIPTION 6022 is a heat treatable low copper, Al-Si-Mg sheet alloy developed by Alcoa to satisfy the needs of automotive manufacturers for closure panels, such as a hood,
More information2017A ALUMINUM ALLOY IN DIFFERENT HEAT TREATMENT CONDITIONS
Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, Vol. 18, 2012, No. 2-3, p. 82-91 82 2017A ALUMINUM ALLOY IN DIFFERENT HEAT TREATMENT CONDITIONS K. Mroczka 1)*, A. Wójcicka 1), P. Kurtyka 1) 1) Department of Technology and
More informationLABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TESTING OF MATERIALS
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TESTING OF MATERIALS 1. TENSION TEST: INTRODUCTION & THEORY The tension test is the most commonly used method to evaluate the mechanical properties of metals. Its main objective
More information