Recursive Fibonacci and the Stack Frame. the Fibonacci function. The Fibonacci function defines the Fibonacci sequence, using a recursive definition :
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1 --6 Recursive Fibonacci and the Stack Frame the Fibonacci function The Fibonacci function defines the Fibonacci sequence, using a recursive definition :, n = fibo n, n = fibo n + fibo n, n > The first few terms are thus:,,,,, 5, 8,,
2 --6 who cares about Fibonacci? The series is reflected throughout math, science and nature: - The Golden Ratio - Spirals - Plant and animal lifeforms Now let s write some code!
3 --6 C implementation Functions and Stack Frames Each called function ( callee ) has a stack frame containing - passed - return address - local variables - preserved-register contents A recursive function creates an additional for each recursive call - These separate s allow the recursion to be unwound successfully at the end
4 --6 Recursive Fibonacci and Stack Frames How deep can the s get in a recursive Fibonacci function? - pretty deep Add this line to the beginning of the fibonacci() function, to get an idea of the s - printf( %p, &f); - This prints the address of the local variable f, which is created in the when the function is called a series of s 4
5 --6 main() is a function, and has its own stack frame (set up by the loader when it started the program) - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 5
6 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 6
7 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 4 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 7
8 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 4 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 8
9 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 9
10 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci()
11 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 4 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci()
12 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() 4 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci()
13 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() returns
14 --6 - calls fibonacci()» calls fibonacci() returns C implementation again, printing a pointer into the 4
15 --6 Assembly Language and Stack Frames Functions written in assembly language use s too Stack frames are created explicitly by creating local variables relative to the RBP register, pushing onto the stack, etc. - the prologue is part of this The end of the function cleans up the the stack frame - the leave instruction (epilogue) does this Assembly-language implementation 5
16 --6 Assembly-language implementation Assembly-language implementation 6
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