The Experiment Some nuclei have nuclear magnetic moments; just as importantly, some do not
|
|
- Prosper Malone
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 1 of 23 Structure Determination in Organic Chemistry: NMR Spectroscopy Three main techniques are used to determine the structures of unknown organic molecules. These methods are completely general, and can be used for molecular compounds of all the elements These methods are used in conjunction with the chemist s knowledge of chemical formula, chemical structure and composition of functional groups Basic principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance The Experiment Some nuclei have nuclear magnetic moments; just as importantly, some do not These moments may be dipoles or quadrupoles Some commonly observed dipolar NMR nuclei in two classes: (A) Nuclei that are the major isotopes of the element in the natural form (B) Nuclei that are only minor constituents of the natural form of the element Ignoring the theory of the NMR response entirely, we observe that nuclear dipoles are differentiated in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Field strengths: 5.87 Tesla (250 MHz 1 H frequency) Tesla (500 MHz 1 H frequency) NMR is insensitive because it is low energy: 1 H versus 13 C NMR response
2 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 2 of 23 The compound Nuclei in different locations in a molecule experience different local magnetic fields The unique resonance frequencies of nuclei in different types of nuclei are expressed in fieldindependent units and are then called the chemical shift ( FrequencyA FrequencyRef ) inhz δ A = = ( Chemical shift) in ppm Spectrometer Frequency in MHz ( ) The standard reference compound for 1 H and 13 C NMR is tetramethylsilane, TMS Rapidly moving nuclei experience an average local magnetic field Rotation about single bonds is normally sufficient to render attached nuclei equivalent Equivalent nuclei act as a single group rather than as individual nuclei: intensity Double and triple bonds and aromatic compounds render attached nuclei rigid Symmetry is used to identify equivalent and inequivalent nuclei in the NMR experiment Spin-spin splitting between inequivalent nuclei is always expressed in Hz and is field independent The chemist NMR is too complex to comprehend without advanced study Structure determination problems are solved by using pure logic Practice is the best teacher
3 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 3 of 23
4 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 4 of 23
5 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 5 of 23
6 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 6 of 23
7 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 7 of 23
8 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 8 of 23
9 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 9 of 23
10 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 10 of 23
11 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 11 of 23
12 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 12 of 23
13 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 13 of 23
14 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 14 of 23
15 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 15 of 23
16 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 16 of 23
17 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 17 of 23
18 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 18 of 23
19 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 19 of 23
20 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 20 of 23
21 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 21 of 23
22 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 22 of 23
23 Chemistry 2600 Lecture Notes Chapter 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Page 23 of 23
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to characterize organic molecules by identifying carbonhydrogen frameworks within
More informationOrganic Chemistry Tenth Edition
Organic Chemistry Tenth Edition T. W. Graham Solomons Craig B. Fryhle Welcome to CHM 22 Organic Chemisty II Chapters 2 (IR), 9, 3-20. Chapter 2 and Chapter 9 Spectroscopy (interaction of molecule with
More informationPROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (H-NMR)
PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (H-NMR) WHAT IS H-NMR SPECTROSCOPY? References: Bruice 14.1, 14.2 Introduction NMR or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a technique used to determine
More informationProton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
CHEM 334L Organic Chemistry Laboratory Revision 2.0 Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In this laboratory exercise we will learn how to use the Chemistry Department's Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Introduction NMR is the most powerful tool available for organic structure determination. It is used to study a wide variety of nuclei: 1 H 13 C 15 N 19 F 31 P 2
More informationProton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Introduction: The NMR Spectrum serves as a great resource in determining the structure of an organic compound by revealing the hydrogen and carbon skeleton.
More informationNMR SPECTROSCOPY A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O... Self-study booklet NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE. 4 3 2 1 0 δ PUBLISHING
A N I N T R O D U T I O N T O... NMR SPETROSOPY NULEAR MAGNETI RESONANE 4 3 1 0 δ Self-study booklet PUBLISING NMR Spectroscopy NULEAR MAGNETI RESONANE SPETROSOPY Origin of Spectra Theory All nuclei possess
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance notes
Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement, not replace, the laboratory manual. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance notes Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a spectrometric technique which provides information
More informationProton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) Spectroscopy
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) Spectroscopy Theory behind NMR: In the late 1940 s, physical chemists originally developed NMR spectroscopy to study different properties of atomic nuclei,
More information4. It is possible to excite, or flip the nuclear magnetic vector from the α-state to the β-state by bridging the energy gap between the two. This is a
BASIC PRINCIPLES INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) 1. The nuclei of certain atoms with odd atomic number, and/or odd mass behave as spinning charges. The nucleus is the center of positive
More informationUsed to determine relative location of atoms within a molecule Most helpful spectroscopic technique in organic chemistry Related to MRI in medicine
Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance CHEM 241 UNIT 5C 1 The Use of NMR Spectroscopy Used to determine relative location of atoms within a molecule Most helpful spectroscopic technique in
More informationBackground A nucleus with an odd atomic number or an odd mass number has a nuclear spin that can be observed by NMR spectrometers.
NMR Spectroscopy I Reading: Wade chapter, sections -- -7 Study Problems: -, -7 Key oncepts and Skills: Given an structure, determine which protons are equivalent and which are nonequivalent, predict the
More informationChapter 13 Spectroscopy NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis
Chapter 13 Spectroscopy NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis Main points of the chapter 1. Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance a. Splitting or coupling (what s next to what) b. Chemical shifts (what type is it) c. Integration
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR is probably the most useful and powerful technique for identifying and characterizing organic compounds. Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel
More informationChapter 11 Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 11.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
John E. McMurry http://www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 11 Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 11.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Many atomic nuclei behave
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Chapter 8 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy http://www.yteach.co.uk/page.php/resources/view_all?id=nuclear_magnetic _resonance_nmr_spectroscopy_spin_spectrometer_spectrum_proton_t_pag e_5&from=search
More informationThe Four Questions to Ask While Interpreting Spectra. 1. How many different environments are there?
1 H NMR Spectroscopy (#1c) The technique of 1 H NMR spectroscopy is central to organic chemistry and other fields involving analysis of organic chemicals, such as forensics and environmental science. It
More informationNuclear Shielding and 1. H Chemical Shifts. 1 H NMR Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NMR Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nuclear Shielding and hemical Shifts What do we mean by "shielding?" What do we mean by "chemical shift?" The electrons surrounding a nucleus affect the effective
More informationThe Hydrogen Atom Is a Magnet. http://www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/watch/gashydrates/detecting.htm
The Hydrogen Atom Is a Magnet Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Proton NMR A hydrogen nucleus can be viewed as a proton, which can be viewed as a spinning charge. As with any spinning charge,
More informationFor example: (Example is from page 50 of the Thinkbook)
SOLVING COMBINED SPECTROSCOPY PROBLEMS: Lecture Supplement: page 50-53 in Thinkbook CFQ s and PP s: page 216 241 in Thinkbook Introduction: The structure of an unknown molecule can be determined using
More informationINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (IR)
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (IR) Theory and Interpretation of IR spectra ASSIGNED READINGS Introduction to technique 25 (p. 833-834 in lab textbook) Uses of the Infrared Spectrum (p. 847-853) Look over pages
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Wade Textbook
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Wade Textbook Background Is a nondestructive structural analysis technique Has the same theoretical basis as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Referring to MRI as nuclear
More informationSHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 1) Calculate the magnetic field that corresponds to the proton resonance frequency of 300.00
More informationNMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds (#1e)
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds (#1e) 1 H NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds Erich Hückel s study of aromaticity in the 1930s produced a set of rules for determining whether a compound is aromatic.
More informationNMR - Basic principles
NMR - Basic principles Subatomic particles like electrons, protons and neutrons are associated with spin - a fundamental property like charge or mass. In the case of nuclei with even number of protons
More information13C NMR Spectroscopy
13 C NMR Spectroscopy Introduction Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is the most powerful tool available for structural determination. A nucleus with an odd number of protons, an odd number
More informationSignal Manipulation. time domain NMR signal in MHz range is converted to khz (audio) range by mixing with the reference ( carrier ) frequency
NMR Spectroscopy: 3 Signal Manipulation time domain NMR signal in MHz range is converted to khz (audio) range by mixing with the reference ( carrier ) frequency Ref in (MHz) mixer Signal in (MHz) Signal
More informationProton NMR. One Dimensional H-NMR. Cl S. Common types of NMR experiments: 1-H NMR
Common types of NMR experiments: 1- NMR Proton NMR ne Dimensional -NMR a. Experiment igh field proton NMR (400Mz). single-pulse experiment. b. Spectral nterpretation i. Number of multiplets gives the different
More informationCHE334 Identification of an Unknown Compound By NMR/IR/MS
CHE334 Identification of an Unknown Compound By NMR/IR/MS Purpose The object of this experiment is to determine the structure of an unknown compound using IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy. Infrared
More informationExperiment #2 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Chemistry 5.311 Introductory Chemical Experimentation Experiment #2 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE I. Purpose This experiment is designed to introduce the
More informationExamination of Proton NMR Spectra
Examination of Proton NMR Spectra What to Look For 1) Number of Signals --- indicates how many "different kinds" of protons are present. 2) Positions of the Signals --- indicates something about magnetic
More informationChemistry 307 Chapter 10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Chemistry 307 Chapter 10 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of three spectroscopic techniques that are useful tools for determining the structures of organic
More informationNMR SPECTROSCOPY. Basic Principles, Concepts, and Applications in Chemistry. Harald Günther University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
NMR SPECTROSCOPY Basic Principles, Concepts, and Applications in Chemistry Harald Günther University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany Second Edition Translated by Harald Günther JOHN WILEY & SONS Chichester
More information1 Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy
Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy Tremendous progress has been made in NMR spectroscopy with the introduction of multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and pulse Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy. For a deeper
More informationDetermination of Molecular Structure by MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
Determination of Molecular Structure by MOLEULAR SPETROSOPY hemistry 3 B.Z. Shakhashiri Fall 29 Much of what we know about molecular structure has been learned by observing and analyzing how electromagnetic
More informationNMR and IR spectra & vibrational analysis
Lab 5: NMR and IR spectra & vibrational analysis A brief theoretical background 1 Some of the available chemical quantum methods for calculating NMR chemical shifts are based on the Hartree-Fock self-consistent
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy cont... Recommended Reading:
Applied Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy cont... Recommended Reading: Banwell and McCash Chapter 7 Skoog, Holler Nieman Chapter 19 Atkins, Chapter 18 Relaxation processes We need
More informationOrganic Spectroscopy
1 Organic Spectroscopy Second Year, Michaelmas term, 8 lectures: Dr TDW Claridge & Prof BG Davis Lectures 1 4 highlight the importance of spectroscopic methods in the structural elucidation of organic
More informationA LEVEL. Type of resource H433 CHEMISTRY B. Theme: Carbon-13 MMR. October 2015
A LEVEL Type of resource H433 CHEMISTRY B (SALTERS) Theme: Carbon-13 MMR October 2015 We will inform centres about any changes to the specification. We will also publish changes on our website. The latest
More informationOrganic Spectroscopy. UV - Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy. !! 200-800 nm. Methods for structure determination of organic compounds:
Organic Spectroscopy Methods for structure determination of organic compounds: X-ray rystallography rystall structures Mass spectroscopy Molecular formula -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationCHEM 51LB EXP 1 SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS: INFRARED AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
CHEM 51LB EXP 1 SPECTRSCPIC METHDS: INFRARED AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESNANCE SPECTRSCPY REACTINS: None TECHNIQUES: IR Spectroscopy, NMR Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
More informationAP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 8 Notes - Bonding: General Concepts
AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 8 Notes - Bonding: General Concepts 8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds A. Ionic Bonding 1. Electrons are transferred 2. Metals react with nonmetals 3. Ions paired have lower energy
More informationMolecular Models Experiment #1
Molecular Models Experiment #1 Objective: To become familiar with the 3-dimensional structure of organic molecules, especially the tetrahedral structure of alkyl carbon atoms and the planar structure of
More informationWhat is NMR? Innovation with Integrity. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR
What is NMR? Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Innovation with Integrity NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance You may have heard the term NMR nuclear magnetic resonance but how much do you actually know about it? NMR
More informationNMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an effect whereby magnetic nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic (EM) energy. This energy is at a specific resonance
More informationSymmetric Stretch: allows molecule to move through space
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Infrared Spectroscopy Before introducing the subject of IR spectroscopy, we must first review some aspects of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is composed
More informationTrans Fats. What is a trans fat? Trans fatty acids, or trans fats as they are known, are certain
Trans Fats What is a trans fat? Trans fatty acids, or trans fats as they are known, are certain fats found in such foodstuffs as vegetable shortenings, margarines, crackers, candies baked goods and many
More informationNMR and other Instrumental Techniques in Chemistry and the proposed National Curriculum.
NMR and other Instrumental Techniques in Chemistry and the proposed National Curriculum. Dr. John Jackowski Chair of Science, Head of Chemistry Scotch College Melbourne john.jackowski@scotch.vic.edu.au
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Most spinning nuclei behave like magnets. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy asics owever, as opposed to the behavior of a classical magnet the nuclear spin magnetic moment does not always align with
More informationNMR Spectroscopy in Notre Dame
NMR Spectroscopy in Notre Dame University of Notre Dame College of Science Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility http://www.nd.edu/~nmr Reservation system for spectrometers
More informationSuggested solutions for Chapter 3
s for Chapter PRBLEM Assuming that the molecular ion is the base peak (00% abundance) what peaks would appear in the mass spectrum of each of these molecules: (a) C5Br (b) C60 (c) C64Br In cases (a) and
More informationDetermining the Structure of an Organic Compound
Determining the Structure of an Organic Compound The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants In the 19 th and early 20 th
More information0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 m/z
Mass spectrum for the ionization of acetone MS of Acetone + Relative Abundance CH 3 H 3 C O + M 15 (loss of methyl) + O H 3 C CH 3 43 58 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 m/z It is difficult to identify the ions
More informationIntroduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Dr. Dean L. Olson, NMR Lab Director School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Called figures, equations, and tables are from Principles
More informationE35 SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
E35 SPECTRSCPIC TECNIQUES IN RGANIC CEMISTRY TE TASK To use mass spectrometry and IR, UV/vis and NMR spectroscopy to identify organic compounds. TE SKILLS By the end of the experiment you should be able
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy: Theory
u Chapter 15 Infrared Spectroscopy: Theory An important tool of the organic chemist is Infrared Spectroscopy, or IR. IR spectra are acquired on a special instrument, called an IR spectrometer. IR is used
More information8.1 Relaxation in NMR Spectroscopy
8.1 Relaxation in NMR Spectroscopy Copyright ans J. Reich 2010 All Rights Reserved University of Wisconsin An understanding of relaxation processes is important for the proper measurement and interpretation
More informationDetermination of Equilibrium Constants using NMR Spectrscopy
CHEM 331L Physical Chemistry Laboratory Revision 1.0 Determination of Equilibrium Constants using NMR Spectrscopy In this laboratory exercise we will measure a chemical equilibrium constant using key proton
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
April 28, 2016 Exam #3: Graded exams on Tuesday! Final Exam Tuesday, May 10 th, 10:30 a.m. Room: Votey 207 (tentative) Review Session: Sunday, May 8 th, 4 pm, Kalkin 325 (tentative) Office Hours Next week:
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy 紅 外 線 光 譜 儀
Infrared Spectroscopy 紅 外 線 光 譜 儀 Introduction Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. It destroys little or no sample (nondestructive method). The amount of light absorbed
More informationIntroduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) And. NMR Metabolomics
Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) And NMR Metabolomics Acknowledgment: Some slides from talks by Natalia Serkova, Wimal Pathmasiri, and from many internet sources (e.g., U of Oxford, Florida
More informationSolving Spectroscopy Problems
Solving Spectroscopy Problems The following is a detailed summary on how to solve spectroscopy problems, key terms are highlighted in bold and the definitions are from the illustrated glossary on Dr. Hardinger
More informationShielding vs. Deshielding:
Shielding vs. Deshielding: Pre-tutorial: Things we need to know before we start the topic: What does the NMR Chemical shift do? The chemical shift is telling us the strength of the magnetic field that
More informationNuclear Structure. particle relative charge relative mass proton +1 1 atomic mass unit neutron 0 1 atomic mass unit electron -1 negligible mass
Protons, neutrons and electrons Nuclear Structure particle relative charge relative mass proton 1 1 atomic mass unit neutron 0 1 atomic mass unit electron -1 negligible mass Protons and neutrons make up
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy 1 Chap 12 Reactions will often give a mixture of products: OH H 2 SO 4 + Major Minor How would the chemist determine which product was formed? Both are cyclopentenes; they are isomers.
More informationThe Unified Scale for Referencing in NMR: New IUPAC Recommendations revised (cgf): 26 July 2010
The Unified Scale for Referencing in NMR: New IUPAC Recommendations revised (cgf): 26 July 2010 In 2001, IUPAC set new definitions and standards for NMR referencing, 1 and updated these in 2008. 2 A significant
More informationExperiment 3: Dynamic NMR spectroscopy (Dated: July 7, 2010)
Experiment 3: Dynamic NMR spectroscopy (Dated: July 7, 2010) I. INTRODUCTION In general spectroscopic experiments are divided into two categories: optical spectroscopy and magnetic spectroscopy. In previous
More informationUnit 2: Quantities in Chemistry
Mass, Moles, & Molar Mass Relative quantities of isotopes in a natural occurring element (%) E.g. Carbon has 2 isotopes C-12 and C-13. Of Carbon s two isotopes, there is 98.9% C-12 and 11.1% C-13. Find
More informationCHAPTER 6 Chemical Bonding
CHAPTER 6 Chemical Bonding SECTION 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding OBJECTIVES 1. Define Chemical bond. 2. Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds. 3. Describe ionic and covalent bonding.. 4. Explain
More informationHow to Quickly Solve Spectrometry Problems
How to Quickly Solve Spectrometry Problems You should be looking for: Mass Spectrometry (MS) Chemical Formula DBE Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) Important Functional Groups o Alcohol O-H o Carboxylic Acid
More informationMolecular Geometry & Polarity
Name AP Chemistry Molecular Geometry & Polarity Molecular Geometry A key to understanding the wide range of physical and chemical properties of substances is recognizing that atoms combine with other atoms
More information3/5/2014. iclicker Participation Question: A. MgS < AlP < NaCl B. MgS < NaCl < AlP C. NaCl < AlP < MgS D. NaCl < MgS < AlP
Today: Ionic Bonding vs. Covalent Bonding Strengths of Covalent Bonds: Bond Energy Diagrams Bond Polarities: Nonpolar Covalent vs. Polar Covalent vs. Ionic Electronegativity Differences Dipole Moments
More informationMOLAR MASS AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT Themolar mass of a molecule is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in the molecule. Molar Mass.
Counting Atoms Mg burns in air (O 2 ) to produce white magnesium oxide, MgO. How can we figure out how much oxide is produced from a given mass of Mg? PROBLEM: If If 0.200 g of Mg is is burned, how much
More informationHealth Science Chemistry I CHEM-1180 Experiment No. 15 Molecular Models (Revised 05/22/2015)
(Revised 05/22/2015) Introduction In the early 1900s, the chemist G. N. Lewis proposed that bonds between atoms consist of two electrons apiece and that most atoms are able to accommodate eight electrons
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance and the Measurement of Relaxation Times of Acetone with Gadolinium
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and the Measurement of Relaxation Times of Acetone with Gadolinium Xia Lee and Albert Tsai June 15, 2006 1 1 Introduction Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopic
More informationExperiment 11. Infrared Spectroscopy
Chem 22 Spring 2010 Experiment 11 Infrared Spectroscopy Pre-lab preparation. (1) In Ch 5 and 12 of the text you will find examples of the most common functional groups in organic molecules. In your notebook,
More informationLecture #7 (2D NMR) Utility of Resonance Assignments
Lecture #7 (2D NMR) Basics of multidimensional NMR (2D NMR) 2D NOESY, COSY and TOCSY 2/23/15 Utility of Resonance Assignments Resonance Assignments: Assignment of frequency positions of resonances (peaks)
More informationTetramethylsilane (TMS) Trimethylsilyl d 4. -propionic acid (TMSP) Dioxane. O - Na + Dimethylfura n. Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate. Sodium Maleate CH 3
Practical Aspects of Quantitative NMR Experiments This discussion presumes that you already have an understanding of the basic theory of NMR. There are a number of issues that should be considered when
More informationCHEM 51LB: EXPERIMENT 5 SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS: INFRARED AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
CHEM 51LB: EXPERIMENT 5 SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS: INFRARED AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY REACTIONS: None TECHNIQUES: IR, NMR Infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are
More informationTime out states and transitions
Time out states and transitions Spectroscopy transitions between energy states of a molecule excited by absorption or emission of a photon hn = DE = E i - E f Energy levels due to interactions between
More information2 NMR and energy levels
NMR and energy levels The picture that we use to understand most kinds of spectroscopy is that molecules have a set of energy levels and that the lines we see in spectra are due to transitions between
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Notes adapted by Audrey Dell Hammerich, October 3, 2013
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Notes adapted by Audrey Dell Hammerich, October 3, 2013 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as all spectroscopic methods, relies upon the interaction of the sample
More informationThe Fundamentals of Infrared Spectroscopy. Joe Van Gompel, PhD
TN-100 The Fundamentals of Infrared Spectroscopy The Principles of Infrared Spectroscopy Joe Van Gompel, PhD Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. The electromagnetic
More informationAP CHEMISTRY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP CHEMISTRY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 6 (8 points) Answer the following questions related to sulfur and one of its compounds. (a) Consider the two chemical species S and S 2. (i) Write the electron
More informationList the 3 main types of subatomic particles and indicate the mass and electrical charge of each.
Basic Chemistry Why do we study chemistry in a biology course? All living organisms are composed of chemicals. To understand life, we must understand the structure, function, and properties of the chemicals
More informationNMR practice times. Mo 2---8 pm Jim 2-4:30 Ning 4:30-7. Tues 2--- 8 pm Jianing 2-4:30 Ting 4:30-7. Fri 10- --- 7 Donia 10-12:00 Ilya 2-4
NMR practice times 1 Mo 2---8 pm Jim 2-4:30 Ning 4:30-7 Tues 2--- 8 pm Jianing 2-4:30 Ting 4:30-7 Wed 4:30---8 John 5:00-7:30 Fri 10- --- 7 Donia 10-12:00 Ilya 2-4 Samples are listed in the homework along
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 5.33 Advanced Chemical Instrumentation FALL SEMESTER 2005
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 5.33 Advanced Chemical Instrumentation FALL SEMESTER 2005 EXPERIMENT #2A: MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY I. Introduction Magnetic resonance
More information2. Spin Chemistry and the Vector Model
2. Spin Chemistry and the Vector Model The story of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and intersystem crossing is essentially a choreography of the twisting motion which causes reorientation or rephasing
More informationUsing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Identify an Unknown Compound prepared by Joseph W. LeFevre, SUNY Oswego
m o d u l a r l a b o r a t o r y p r o g r a m i n c h e m i s t r y publisher:. A. Neidig organic editor: Joe Jeffers TE 711 Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Identify an Unknown ompound
More informationNMR-the basic principles and its use in studies of water/ethanol/mixture
NMR-the basic principles and its use in studies of water/ethanol/mixture Ayhan DEMİR, Bachelor Degree Project in Chemistry, 15 ECTS, April 2012, Sweden. Supervisor: Prof. Per Olof WESTLUND, Dr.Tobias SPARRMAN
More informationUV-Vis Vis spectroscopy. Electronic absorption spectroscopy
UV-Vis Vis spectroscopy Electronic absorption spectroscopy Absortpion spectroscopy Provide information about presence and absence of unsaturated functional groups Useful adjunct to IR Determination of
More informationSpin-Lattice Relaxation Times
Spin-Lattice Relaxation Times Reading Assignment: T. D. W. Claridge, High Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Chapter 2; E. Breitmaier, W. Voelter, Carbon 13 NMR Spectroscopy,3rd Ed., 3.3.2.
More informationChapter 9. Chemical reactivity of molecules depends on the nature of the bonds between the atoms as well on its 3D structure
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry & Bonding Theories I) Molecular Geometry (Shapes) Chemical reactivity of molecules depends on the nature of the bonds between the atoms as well on its 3D structure Molecular
More informationModule 3 : Molecular Spectroscopy Lecture 13 : Rotational and Vibrational Spectroscopy
Module 3 : Molecular Spectroscopy Lecture 13 : Rotational and Vibrational Spectroscopy Objectives After studying this lecture, you will be able to Calculate the bond lengths of diatomics from the value
More information2814 hains, Rings and Spectroscopy June 2003 Mark Scheme 2814 Mark Scheme June 2003 The following annotations may be used when marking: X = incorrect response (errors may also be underlined) ^ = omission
More informationPredicting Magnetic Properties with ChemDraw and Gaussian
Predicting Magnetic Properties with ChemDraw and Gaussian By James R. Cheeseman and Æleen Frisch Introduction NMR chemical shifts are an important tool in characterizing molecular systems and structures.
More informationCORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ
CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ Module Title: Topics in Organic Chemistry Module Code: CHEO 7003 School : Science Programme Title: Bachelor of Science in Analytical & Pharmaceutical
More informationIR Applied to Isomer Analysis
DiscovIR-LC TM Application Note 025 April 2008 Deposition and Detection System IR Applied to Isomer Analysis Infrared spectra provide valuable information about local configurations of atoms in molecules.
More informationOrganic Spectroscopy: a Primer
EM 03 rganic Spectroscopy: a Primer INDEX A. Introduction B. Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy 3. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( NMR) Spectroscopy A. Introduction The problem of determining the structure
More informationNUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) SPECTROSCOPY: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PHENOMENA, AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
CHEMISTRY EDUCATION: RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN EUROPE 2002, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 229-252 Theme Issue 2 on Structural Concepts CONTRIBUTION FROM SCIENCE (INVITED REVIEW PAPER) Ioannis P. GEROTHANASSIS, 1 Anastassios
More information