V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine

Transcription

1 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine

2 MAN Diesel & Turbo is the world s leading designer and manufacturer of low and medium speed engines. With our range of large stationary gas and diesel engines, we are a reliable partner for power generating companies, regardless of whether the energy is fed into the power grid or destined for local supply purposes. From fuel depot to transformer station, MAN Diesel & Turbo offers one-stop solutions. Our involvement with electrical power generators goes back to 1904 when we supplied the first ever diesel generator sets to the Kiev Tram System. Since those early days, MAN Diesel & Turbo has never lost its technological preeminence in the large engine field. Likewise, our engines have never relinquished their status as the most efficient combustion engines available. More than ever before, MAN Diesel & Turbo s development focus is on the environmental performance of our engines. Using our unrivalled grasp of large engine technology, we aim to make our engines progressively cleaner, more powerful and more efficient. With our absolute commitment to reducing emissions while increasing fuel efficiency and power density and our pro-active involvement in the emissions law making process, we intend to be part of the global emissions solution. V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 3

3 Introduction Driving the stationary use of gas engines Today, state-of-the-art power generation technology should be designed for highest efficiency and lowest emissions. In the near future, the new energy economy will see greater use of fluctuating renewables, such as wind and solar power. This will go hand in hand with the use of highly flexible and efficient decentralised plants, offering combined heat and power (CHP) and providing a fast-operating reserve in a time window of 5-10 minutes. According to key international organisations such as the International Energy Association (IEA), natural gas will be a cornerstone of this seismic shift on worldwide energy markets. Thanks to its availability and low emissions, natural gas is set to play a significant role in the sustainable energy supply of tomorrow. MAN Diesel & Turbo has developed the single-stage turbocharged Otto gas engine 20V35/44G for stationary use in power plants. The engine reaches an output of 10.6 MW, has an electrical efficiency of 47.3%, features many innovative technological elements and complies with all current emission limits solely by inengine measures. Our portfolio includes solutions for highly efficient electrical power, sustainable heating and cooling, and operating reserve that can be brought on stream at short notice. All of these can be tailored to the needs of customers around the world, delivering maximum return on investment. MAN Diesel & Turbo SE has a successful track record of highly flexible and innovative energy solutions stretching back 250 years, catering to established and emerging energy markets the world over. 4 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 5

4 35/44G A new class of large bore gas engine Gas engines are claiming an increasing share of the market for electrical power generation - thanks to their clean combustion, high efficiencies, comparatively low carbon dioxide emissions and the attractive price of natural gas. Modern and innovative With its newest gas engine, MAN Diesel & Turbo is now bringing the benefits of gas engines to power and cogeneration plants with electrical outputs of 100 to 200 MW, a category previously dominated by gas turbines. Highest power density in its class The 35/44G is offered in a V-type version with 20 cylinders and an output of 10,600 kw m. Its rated outputs 530 kw per cylinder for 50 Hz power generation and 510 kw for 60 Hz power generation give the 35/44G best-in-class power density among gas engines. A promising fuel In addition to a high supply reliability and the potential savings on operating and procurement costs, the advantage of gas-fired power plants lies chiefly in extremely low emissions coupled with a high level of efficiency. Due to the lower carbon content of the fuel, gas engines emit around 25% less CO 2 than diesel engines. Nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions are roughly 80% lower, while emissions of sulfur oxides, soot, and particles are virtually non-existent. With leaner combustion, the peak temperature is reduced and less NO x is produced. Higher output can be reached while avoiding knocking and increasing efficiency, although a too lean mixture will cause misfiring. Advanced Ignition Technology The ignition system comprises a capacitive discharge system and an ignition coil, which delivers the necessary high voltage via an ignition lead to the spark plug. To improve combustion, the spark plug is located in the pre-chamber. Gas is precisely metered to the pre-chamber by means of a separate valve. In conjunction with the lean mixture from the main chamber, which is fed into the pre-chamber by the compression cycle, this creates a highly efficient, almost stochiometric mixture. This is ignited using the spark plug, providing an ignition amplifier for the main chamber. SaCoS one The 35/44G engine is equipped with the safety and control system SaCoS one. SaCoS one guarantees reliable engine operation with an optimum operation range between knocking and misfiring. All cylinders are regulated individually. Cogeneration or combined cycle In addition to using thermal energy recovered from engine sources for heating or cooling in cogeneration or trigeneration applications, the exhaust heat of the 35/44G engine can also be used to produce steam to drive a steam turbine generator. As a result, the overall output and efficiency of the power plant can be increased without additional fuel costs. Further major benefits of the 35/44G Reliable power source: 10,600 kw m rated power Low fuel costs: 47.3% el. efficiency single cycle Heat utilisation: > 90% total efficiency Short power ramp up time: 100% load within 8 minutes Ambient temperature compensation: Tair = 40 Kelvin without power derating Easy maintenance / high availability High safety standards Excellent load response The lean-burn concept In a lean-burn gas engine, the mixture of air and gas in the cylinder is lean, i.e. more air is present in the cylinder than is needed for complete combustion. 6 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 7

5 Solutions Electrical power and combined cycle Air cooled condenser LP steam drum HP steam drum Powerhouse MAN steam turbine Air cooled alternator Main stack Exhaust gas steam boiler Exhaust silencer MAN Diesel & Turbo 20V35/44G Powerful performance Combined cycle A reliable supply of electricity is essential for global economic growth. Given the need for reliability of supply and the environmentally-friendly use of resources, the demands in terms of the energy mix are changing; a flexible range of supply options and efficient, decentralised production are now more important than ever before. MAN Diesel & Turbo can help provide this crucial resource with its highly efficient 20V35/44G gas engine. The newly developed Otto gas engine is suitable for smaller decentralised power plants and can also be deployed in large power plants of up to 150 MW. MAN Diesel & Turbo can draw on its extensive global expertise in delivering customised turnkey power plants to provide the best solution for your needs. In order to achieve the highest efficiency rates and maximise sustainability, MAN Diesel & Turbo has implemented an integrated gas strategy, which incorporates both the company`s engine and turbine technologies. To meet the requirements of high efficiency and environmental friendliness in the production of power, MAN Diesel & Turbo has developed a power cycle process for stationary power plants that utilises heat from the engine exhaust gases for the production of live steam in a bottoming process. The steam is expanded in a steam turbine, which produces electrical energy via the Clausius-Rankine cycle. This additional electrical energy is produced without consuming additional fuel, which is the strength of the combined cycle. An example layout of a power station with gas engine combined cycle is shown in the illustration above. The power house contains the engines and the steam turbine with their generators. The hot exhaust gases flow through the heat recovery steam generators before they enter the stacks. The steam is re-cooled by a condenser. The electrical power produced by the engines and the steam turbine is supplied to the grid at the sub-station. 8 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 9

6 Solutions Combined heat and power (CHP) Hot Water Generation For different applications Decentralised provision of electricity, hot water, steam and cooling is one of the most sustainable forms of energy provision. Depending on the heat sinks, CHP can Heat recovery diagram* Chimney achieve overall efficiencies of over 90 per cent. Generators driven by gas engines offer exceptional flexibility, giving them a significant advantage over other power plant technologies. When electricity is generated in engine-based power Benefits plants, waste heat at various temperatures is produced. MAN Diesel & Turbo offers different techtion of primary energy Lower energy costs through more efficient utilisanologies to convert this waste heat into a useful Improved environmental quality through reduced energy form. emissions of pollutants Recovered waste heat for a wide range of sustain- Electricity District heating water Engine lube oil Engine jacket + CAC 1&2 Engine exhaust gas Back-up cooling CAC 1 CAC 2 Back-up cooler HT Bypass WHRB HT heat recovery Lube oil heat recovery District heating network MAN Diesel & Turbo s engine-based CHP plants are designed to meet end consumers' heating needs and can be used for a wide range of thermal applications whether at industrial, city-wide or at individual building levels. able thermal applications Operational flexibility in line with changes in heat and electricity demand Energy flow diagram* The heat extracted from the engine s exhaust gases can be utilised for steam generation required in the textiles, food, paper and chemicals industries. By including an exhaust gas or hot water driven absorption chiller, chilled water to run central air conditioning systems in hospitals, hotels and office blocks - can be produced. The heat extracted from the engine lube oil, the engine jacket water and the charge air cooling circuits can be utilised for hot water generation, e.g. used in a district heating network for heating purposes. Plant auxiliaries, trafo losses 0.8% Electrical output 46.3% Electricity to grid 45.5% Fuel input 100% High temperature heat 39.5% Low temperature heat 5% Heat to heat consumers 44.5% Losses 9.2% Total CHP efficiency 90% * Based on 20V35/44G ISO-3046 conditions; efficiencies valid for return line temperature of 60 C and supply line temperature of 125 C 10 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 11

7 Solutions Operating reserve Around the world, energy is increasingly being generated from fluctuating renewable sources. However, wind turbines and solar power plants require highly flexible power plant technologies that are able to provide highly efficient electrical back-up power at extremely short notice in order to stabilise the grid. In addition to rapid start-up, these solutions also need to be extremely efficient when operating under partload conditions, and capable of accommodating wide variations in load. will change the face of electricity markets, adding new capacity markets, where the price of rapidly available short-term operating reserve will rise in line with demand. These types of applications are set to become increasingly attractive for independent power producers (IPPs), local utilities and electricity distributors: the growth of fluctuating energy supplies from renewables In contrast to axial flow machines, gas-engine based plants are physically suited to these kinds of applications: they operate efficiently at loads of anything from 20% to 100% of rated load. Comparison of generation technologies in provision of short-term operating reserve Generation technology providing short-term operating reserve Gas-engine based plants (MAN 20V35/44G) 750 min -1 Large gas-turbine based plants (aeroderivaled turbines) 3,000 min -1 Large gas-turbine combined cycle power plants 3,000 min -1 Coal-fired plants (subcritical) 3,000 min -1 Time (min) to full load incl. synchronisation with grid > 250 Part-load flexibility / Increase in load (%) in 5 seconds All plants pre-heated and in normal start-up programme Sample data only 12 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine

8 Environmental Awareness Natural gas the most environmental friendly fossil energy source Being able to scale output to meet consumers heating needs is an important consideration when selecting a power plant technology. The emissions produced by the generation of energy are another key criterion. Gas-engine based plants score extremely well in this regard, due to their high efficiency and use of natural gas. Recently, CO 2 emissions have come under particular scrutiny, given their impact on climate change. In the EU, the majority of CO 2 permits will be auctioned from 2013, reshaping cost considerations and ensuring that only the most efficient technologies will remain competitive. CO 2 emitted by various power plant technologies CO 2 emitted by various generation technologies Gas-engine based plants (MAN 20V35/44G) Gas turbine-based plants (industrial gas turbines) Coal-fired power plants (subcritical) Electrical efficiency in % (CO 2 emissions in g/kwh) 47.3 (427) 33 (612) 38 (895) Thermal efficiency in CHP in % (CO 2 emissions in g/kwh) 90 (224) 80 (252) 80 (425) CO 2 emissions from natural gas: 202g/kWh; CO 2 emissions from coal: 340g/kWh; Sample data only Maximum allowed exhaust gas emission values according to TA-Luft Nitrogen oxides, NO x in mg/nm 3 1) 500 Carbon monoxides, CO in mg/nm 3 2) 300 Formaldehyde in mg/nm 3 60 Sulphur dioxide, SO 2 in mg/nm 3 3) 8.9 Reference oxygen content of exhaust: 5%; 1) Calculated as NO 2 2) Compliance with German TA-Luft emissions legislation by means of a catalyst 3) SO 2 content in the exhaust gas depends on the H 2 S content in the natural gas 14 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 15

9 Technical Data Dimensions and weights 20V35/44G H A B W C Engine 20V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 20V35/44G Dry mass Dry mass Engine type No. of cyl. A (mm) B* (mm) C* (mm) W (mm) H (mm) engine (t) gen.* (t) Bore 350 mm, stroke 440 mm 750 rpm, 50 Hz 720 rpm, 60 Hz Mean piston speed (m/s) V35/44G 20 9,680 4,295 13,975 3,845 4, Electrical output (kw el ) 10,335 9,945 Lube oil consumption (kg/h) * Depending on alternator; nominal generator efficiency: 97.5% 20V35/44G for power applications Heat rate (kj/kwh el ) 7,618 7,618 Electrical efficiency (%) V35/44G for CHP applications Heat rate (kj/kwh el ) 7,782 7,782 Electrical efficiency (%) Output at generator terminals. Nominal efficiency 97.5%. ISO conditions; including attached pumps; MN > 80; 5% tolerance; engine type specific reference charge air temperature before cylinder 43 C; p.f. 0.9; NO x emissions 500mg/Nm 5% O 2 16 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 17

10 Highly Cost-Effective Gas-engine based power plant solutions Estimation of electricity generation costs for captive power generation with an output of 20 MW based on 2x20V35/44G engines for an energy-intensive industrial company in the European Union Cost of electricity generation with an output of 20 MW based on 2x20V35/44G engines, sensitivity analysis with various natural gas supply costs Wholesale natural gas power prices Full-load hours 20 / 22 / 23 / 30 / Scope of services Turnkey delivery, per year MWh MWh MWh MWh 2x20V35/44G with CHP 500 h (water heating) 1,000 h Gross installed capacity 21.2 MW (2x20V35/44G) 1,500 h Net output 20.8 MW 2,000 h Electrical efficiency 46.3 % 2,500 h Wholesale gas power price 20/MWh 3,000 h Overall efficiency 90 % 3,500 h The decision for a particular power plant technology is usually based on the following factors: n Type of use electricity production, CHP, or other requirements such as providing short-term operating reserve for stable, reliable grids n Fuel supplies these need to be readily available and cost-effective, taking into account local emissions regulations and price developments n Local conditions including at site conditions and Gas-engine based plants set the benchmark in this regard: their high efficiency and as a result, low emissions, keep the total cost of ownership (TCO) down. To calculate TCO, we can compare the production of electrical energy in terms of cost per MWh over the relevant project lifetime. Construction period Depreciation period Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) Costs of CO 2 emissions Emissions Sample data only 1 year 20 years 10 % 15/t Compliant with TA-Luft (2002) 4,000 h 4,500 h 5,000 h 5,500 h 6,000 h 6,500 h 7,000 h 7,500 h 8,000 h availability of suitable cooling options n Other cost factors, such as price of carbon permits Fuel is the most significant cost factor for fossil-fueldriven power plants, accounting for around 80 per cent of the operating costs. This makes maximum efficiency desirable on economic grounds alone. Electricity generation costs include not only the technical parameters such as output and consumption but also figures relating to the likely costs of maintenance, personnel and operating costs. Economic parameters include the initial investment, financing, duration of the construction period and likely costs of carbon credits. International subsidies for CHP In many countries, including OECD members, there are fixed prices for the combined generation of heat and power. These represent a highly attractive additional source of income, making investment in these kinds of plants a sound business proposition. Sample data only 18 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine 19

11 Cash Flow Analysis Gas-engine based power plant solutions MAN Diesel & Turbo SE offers specific advice and support for every project, from the initial idea to the implementation, from assistance with obtaining suitable financing to construction and operation of the plant. For a complete cost-benefit analysis of the gasengine based plant in this example, we should consider the profitability of the project. In the energy economy, this normally involves an analysis of criteria such as the internal rate of return (IRR) and operating profits. In the following graph, we shall assume a sales price for electricity generation of 80/MWh and revenue of 20/MWh for the sale of heat. Let us assume our sample plant is in operation 7,000 hours per year. The economic analysis gives an IRR of 18% and operating profits of 3 m per year of operation. Mio Construction periode Payback periode Profit Project time (years) 20 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine

12 World Class Service Expert advice and assistance MAN PrimeServ peace of mind for life With more than 100 PrimeServ service stations and service partners worldwide and our growing network of PrimeServ Academies, the MAN Diesel & Turbo after-sales organisation is committed to maintaining the most efficient, accessible after-sales organisation in the business. PrimeServ s aim is to provide: Prompt, OEM-standard service for the complete life cycle of an installation Training and qualification of service personnel at our PrimeServ Academies to maximise the availability and viability of a plant Rapid, global availability of genuine, 100% qualityassured MAN Diesel & Turbo spare parts via local outlets or our 24 hour hotline. PowerManagement by MAN Diesel & Turbo Complementing the PrimeServ after-sales offering is the MAN PowerManagement concept. MAN PowerManagement packages provide integrated support solutions for all aspects of the running of a power or cogeneration plant. Individually negotiated agreements can cover assistance with or delegation of the management of all mechanical, electrical and thermal equipment. In this way the power plant operator gains comprehensive access to the technology, experience, best practices and professional resources of MAN Diesel & Turbo. In short: PowerManagement by MAN Diesel & Turbo allows you to benefit from our specialist expertise in running a power plant while you concentrate on your own core business. 22 V35/44G Four-stroke gas engine

13 All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions Copyright MAN Diesel & Turbo EN-N3 Printed in Germany GMC-AUG MAN Diesel & Turbo Augsburg, Germany Phone Fax