CONTENTS. Preface I-5 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR NATURE AND SCOPE

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1 CONTENTS PAGE Preface I-5 1 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR NATURE AND SCOPE 1.1 Introduction Management Functions Management Roles Management Skills Organisations Organisational Behaviour and Organisational Theory Organisational Behaviour Features of Organisational Behaviour Importance of Organisational Behaviour Scope of Organisational Behaviour Organisational Behaviour - An Inter-disciplinary Area of Study (Contribution of Behavioural Sciences) Scope of Organisational Behaviour and Behavioural Sciences - A Synthesis Models of Organisational Behaviour OB 17 QUESTIONS 21 2 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 2.1 Introduction Challenges and Opportunities for OB Globalisation Global Competencies Global Competency Development Benefits of Global Competency Models Workforce Diversity Meaning Importance of Workforce Diversity Consequences of Ignoring Workforce Diversity Paradox of Diversity Managing Diversity Skills Required by Managers to Manage a Diverse Workforce 29

2 2.4.7 Ways to Manage Diversity Fair vs. Same Treatment to Diverse Workforce Multicultural Education and Diversity Goals of Global Perspective of Multicultural Education Benefits of Global Perspective of Multicultural Education Workforce Diversity and Human Resource HR Manager Motivating a Diverse Workforce Managing Diversity - Some Cases Promoting Ethical Behaviour in Business Introduction Meaning of Business Ethics Features of Business Ethics Importance of Business Ethics Need for Code of Ethics for Corporations Ethics and Managers Role of Top Management in Management of Ethical Values Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility CSR Introduction Leadership and CSR Promoting Work-life Balance Changing Outlook of the Work Force Global Workforce Training in the Global Business Empowerment Improving Quality and Productivity Meaning Principles of TQM Changing Technology 45 QUESTIONS 47 3 ORGANISATIONAL GOALS 3.1 Introduction Goals and Objectives Purpose of Mission Components of Mission Statements Features of Mission Statement Objectives Goals/Objectives 52

3 3.8 Features of Objectives Importance of Objectives Multiplicity of Objectives Hierarchy of Objectives Goal Succession Goal Displacement Management by Objectives - A Check on Goal Displacement Problems of Objective Setting Ways of Overcoming the Problems Problems in Setting Objectives and Ways to Overcome these Problems At a Glance Objective Setting - Moving from General to Specific Objectives Forces Affecting Organisational Goals Organisational vs. Individual Goals 63 QUESTIONS 64 4 INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR 4.1 Introduction Factors Affecting Individual Behaviour Models of Individual Behaviour 71 QUESTIONS 77 5 PERSONALITY 5.1 Introduction Meaning of Personality Features of Personality Factors affecting Personality Personality Traits Theories of Personality Application of Personality to OB 93 QUESTIONS 94 6 PERCEPTION 6.1 Introduction Meaning of Perception 96

4 6.3 Features of Perception Importance of Perception Factors affecting Perception/Perceptual Distortions Developing Perceptual Skills Perceptual Process 104 QUESTIONS INDIVIDUAL DECISION-MAKING 7.1 Introduction Meaning of Decision-making Decision-making and Planning Features of Decision-making Process of Decision-making Types of Decisions Decision-making Environment Techniques of Decision-making Traditional Techniques Modern Techniques Models of Decision-making Rational/Normative Model Non-rational/Administrative Models 131 QUESTIONS LEARNING 8.1 Introduction Meaning of Learning Features of Learning Factors Affecting Learning Theories of Learning Shaping Behaviour Reinforcement 143 QUESTIONS MOTIVATION 9.1 Meaning of Motivation 150

5 9.2 Model of Motivation Motivators Nature of Motivation Importance of Motivation Effective Motivation Approaches to Motivation Theories of Motivation Need Theories Cognitive Theories Behavioural Theories Job Design Meaning of Job Design Approaches to Job Design 174 QUESTIONS INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOUR 10.1 Introduction Meaning of Interpersonal Behaviour Developing Interpersonal Skills Techniques to Develop Interpersonal Skills Transactional Analysis Johari Window 186 QUESTIONS COMMUNICATION 11.1 Introduction Meaning of Communication Nature of Communication Importance of Communication Need for Communication Process of Communication Channels of Communication Rumours Dimensions of Communication Medium of Communication Communication Barriers Causes of Communication Barriers 223

6 11.13 Effective Communication 227 QUESTIONS LEADERSHIP 12.1 Meaning of Leadership Nature of Leadership Importance of Leadership Management and Leadership Leadership Styles Classification on the basis of power Classification on the Basis of Authority Theories of Leadership Trait Theories Behavioural Theories Situational or Contingency Theories Effective Leadership Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership Transformational Leadership Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership Leadership in Indian Organisation 262 QUESTIONS GROUP DYNAMICS 13.1 Introduction Formal Organisation Features of Formal Organisation Merits of Formal Organisation Limitations of Formal Organisation Informal Organisation Features of Informal Organisation Merits of Informal Organisation Limitations of Informal Organisation Differences between Formal and Informal Organisations Integration of Formal and Informal Organisations Group Dynamics Meaning Features of a Group 276

7 13.14 Group and Collection of People Types of Groups Reasons for Joining Informal Groups Management of Informal Groups How do Groups Influence Member Behaviour Negative Aspects of Group Influence Group Processes and Functions Factors Affecting Group Processes and Functions Group Behaviour Stages in Group Development Group Cohesiveness Consequences of Group Cohesiveness 291 QUESTIONS WORK TEAMS AND GROUP DECISION-MAKING 14.1 Introduction Meaning of Team Features of a Team Groups and Teams Types of Teams Quality Circles (QC) Team Building Effective Teams Group Decision-making Merits of Group Decision-making Limitations of Group Decision-making Techniques of Group Decision-making Problem-Solving in Small Groups 307 QUESTIONS CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 15.1 Meaning of Conflict Features of Conflict Conflict and Organisational Performance Philosophy of Conflict Causes of Conflict Functional Positive and Dysfunctional Negative Conflict Consequences

8 of Conflict Types of Conflict Management of Conflict 319 QUESTIONS ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE 16.1 Meaning of Change Features of Change Forces of Change Factors Affecting Change/Need for Change Process of Change Change Model Force Field Analysis Resistance to Change Overcoming Resistance to Change Types of Change Approaches to Planned Change Management of Change Change Agent 335 QUESTIONS ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENT 17.1 Meaning of Organisation Development Features of Organisation Development Organisation Development Process Skills of Organisation Development Practitioners Benefits of Organisation Development Techniques of Organisation Development Conditions for Successful Organisation Development Management Development MD 346 QUESTIONS ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS 18.1 Introduction Meaning of Organisational Effectiveness Importance of Studying Organisational Effectiveness 349

9 18.4 Measuring Organisational Effectiveness Approaches to Measure Organisational Effectiveness Factors Affecting Organisational Effectiveness Model of Organisational Effectiveness 360 QUESTIONS ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE 19.1 Introduction Characteristics of Culture Organisational Culture Features of Organisational Culture Factors Determining Organisational Culture Functions of Organisational Culture Levels of Organisational Culture Elements of Organisational Culture Transmission of Organisational Culture Strong/Weak Cultures Developing Organisational Culture Maintaining Organisational Culture Changing Organisational Culture Types of Organisational Culture Performance and Organisational Culture Organisational Climate 374 QUESTIONS POWER AND POLITICS 20.1 Introduction Meaning of Authority Meaning of Power Authority and Power Distinction between Authority and Power Nature of Power Sources of Power Dependency and Power Use of Power Power Tactics Meaning 385

10 Forms of Power Tactics Effectiveness of Power Tactics Organisational Politics Features of Organisational Politics Factors Affecting Organisational Politics Consequences of Organisational Politics Managing Organisational Politics 391 QUESTIONS QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND MORALE 21.1 Meaning of Quality of Work Life QWL Nature and Scope of Quality of Work Life Importance and Impact of Quality of Work Life Problems in Improving the QWL Ways of Improving QWL Benefits of Improving Quality of Work-life Meaning of Morale Difference between Motivation and Morale High or Low Morale Morale and Productivity Ways to Build High Morale 403 QUESTIONS 404