COMMENT EXPRIMER LA QUANTITE EN ANGLAIS?

Transcription

1 COMMENT EXPRIMER LA QUANTITE EN ANGLAIS? I - INTRODUCTION Etudions les phrases suivantes : 1- The pursuit of pleasure drives everything we do. 2- We imagine bad news will devastate us for far longer than it really does. 3- People reach their decision by considering what will make them happy, both now and over the long term. 4- We have little time to waste. 5 You ve got some nerve taking my car without asking! 6 If we don t take care of the customer, somebody else will. 7 - How many students, if any, came to the exam on Saturday? Remarques Rappel 2 choses importantes sont à retenir : 1) 2) II - DENOMBRABLES / INDENOMBRABLES a) Définition d un nom dénombrable Exemples b) Définition d un nom indénombrable Exemples

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3 c) Définition d une expression partitive Exemples : INDENOMBRABLES EXPRESSIONS PARTITIVES DENOMBRABLES 1 Information news bread toast Pas de N dénombrable associé 2 (des hyperonymes = ) furniture luggage (des hyponymes = ) clothing advice work 3 *Iron [ ] coffee/beer... wood paper room * Le mot iron a trois particularités : a)

4 b) c) III - LES DIFFERENTS QUANTIFICATEURS On peut classer les quantificateurs selon le type de quantité qu ils expriment. Tableau à connaître PAR CŒUR! VALEUR +NOM DENOMBRABLE +NOM INDENOMBRABLE TRADUCTION excès (far) too many cars (far) too much pollution (beaucoup) trop de totalité a) each/ every car b) all cars all the cars all the pollution a) chaque b) tout / tous / toutes quasi-totalité most cars most of the cars I see most of them most of the pollution la plupart de grande quantité a lot of cars lots of cars loads of cars (plenty of cars) a lot of pollution a great deal of pollution (plenty of pollution) beaucoup de quantité suffisante enough cars enough pollution assez de certaine quantité indéfinie some cars (Are there) any cars? Some pollution (Is there) any pollution? Des / du / de la / quelque / quelques quantité peu importante not many cars not much pollution pas beaucoup de qté indéfinie et peu importante several cars plusieurs qté faible, mais suffisante a few cars a little pollution quelques un peu de qté faible, et insuffisante few cars hardly any cars little pollution hardly any pollution peu de guère de qté insuffisante not enough cars not enough pollution pas assez de qté nulle no cars not any cars none / nothing neither cars nor buses no pollution not any pollution none / nothing neither pollution nor petrol prices pas de aucun(e) rien ni ni

5 either cars or buses either pollution or petrol prices soit soit

6 Exercice 1 - Complétez les phrases suivantes avec much, many et a lot (of). Parfois deux réponses sont possibles. 1- There weren t... students I knew at John s party. 2- We have to hurry up. We usually haven t got... time for shopping during Christmas week. 3- Peter drinks... beer - one litre a day. 4- He is a very quiet person. He doesn t say Please don t disturb me. I ve got... work to do. 6- They ve got so... money, they don t know what to do with it. 7- We didn t take... photographs when we were on holiday in Scotland last year people don t really enjoy flying. Exercice 2 - Complétez les phrases suivantes avec little, a little, few, a few. 1- Her brother doesn t speak much Spanish. Only... words. 2- «Would you like some more apple crumble?» «Yes, please, but only...». 3- I don t think Peter will be a good teacher. He s got too... patience with students. 4- The art gallery was almost empty. There were very... people there. 5- There is a shortage of water in this country because there has been very... rain in the last few months. 6- Martin s dog became a champion... years ago. 7- This is not the first time I ve won at the National Lottery. It has happened to me... times before! 8- This film is not very funny, that s why... people are going to watch it. IV - LE COMPARATIF ET LE SUPERLATIF a) Quantificateur + Nom VALEUR + NOM DENOMBRABLE + NOM INDENOMBRABLE TRADUCTION quantité supérieure There are more cars than buses There is more tea than coffee Il y a plus de X que de Y quantité égale There are as many cars as buses There is as much tea as coffee Il y a autant de X que de Y quantité inférieure ou moindre There are fewer cars than buses There is less tea than coffee Il y moins de X que Y NB : less = comparatif irrégulier de. Exercice 3 - Traduisez 1- Il y a deux fois plus de neige que l année passée. 2- Il y a trois fois plus de voitures aujourd hui qu en Il y a quatre fois moins de neige cet hiver et trois fois moins de skieurs.

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8 2- Attention! Deux valeurs possibles de «some» a) «I d like some wine please» b) Il permet à l énonciateur de porter deux types de jugement sur quelqu un ou quelque chose : Marilyn Monroe was really some [s m] woman! Who were you talking to in the pub last night? - Oh, just some [s m] girl I work with b) «ANY» 1- Fonction de «any». Any = un opérateur de parcours 2- Les quatre fonctions possibles de «any» : a) ANY + interrogation «Is there any milk left in the fridge?» b) ANY +if «If there s any milk left I d like a drop please?» c) ANY + négation «Sorry but there isn t any milk left?»

9 d) ANY qualitatif «Any student can learn English but some students learn quicker than others?» Exercice 5 - Complétez les phrases suivantes avec some / any / someone / anyone / somebody / anybody / something / anything / somewhere / anywhere. 1- Peter has just bought... new shoes. 2- The political prisoners refused to eat This play is really wonderful. You can ask... who has seen it. 4- Would you like... cake and tea? 5- Can you give me... information about which American universities are best? 6- There s... outside. Could you open the door please? 7- Why are you looking under the table? Have you lost...? 8- You can buy these books from... bookshop. 9- Can I have... sugar in my coffee, please? 10- Is there... I could do to help you? VI - COMMENT EXPRIMER UNE QUANTITE COMPLETE? a) Comparaison de «any», «every» et «each» : 1) play by Shakespeare is worth reading. 2) play by Shakespeare is worth reading. 3) play by Shakespeare is worth reading. Cependant, EACH et Every n expriment pas toute à fait la même chose : Every child was given a present. Each child was given a different present.

10 b) Comparaison de «all»et «whole» 1) Shakespeare s plays are worth reading. = Toutes les pièces de Shakespeare valent la peine d être lues. 2).. play is worth reading. = La totalité de/toute cette pièce vaut la peine d être lue. NB whole ne fonctionne qu avec un N dénombrable au singulier. Attention à la traduction de tout le monde! = EVERYONE ou EVERYBODY ( All the people in my class love English ) Exercice 6 - Complétez les phrases suivantes avec all / everything ou everyone / everybody. 1- Barbara is very popular.... likes her. 2- Peter told me... about his new plans for the summer. It sounds quite interesting. 3- I didn t find anything interesting in this new shop.... I bought was a pair of shoes was very kind to him. They did... they could to help her. 5- I can t stand the director. He objects to... I say. Exercice 7 - Complétez ou, si nécessaire, reformulez les phrases suivantes avec all, everything ou the whole. 1- Everyone in the team played badly Why are you always thinking about professional success? Social recognition isn t They work from early in the morning until late in the evening The earthquake was terrible. Nothing was left of the city afterwards There s no chocolate left. Who ate the... box? VII - COMMENT EXPRIMER UNE QUANTITE CONCERNANT DEUX ELEMENTS a) both et the two Ils sont souvent synonymes mais : 1) Both poets are English. 2) The two poets deal with very different themes.

11 b) «either» et «neither» 1) a) Either play is worth reading. b) Either John or Peter stole the car. 2) a) Neither play is worth reading. b) Neither John nor Peter stole the car. Exercice 8 - Traduisez les phrases suivantes en anglais : 1- Peter et John sont tous deux australiens. 2- Ils n ont vu aucun des deux films. 3- Ni Peter ni John ne parle français. 4- J en parlerai soit à John, soit à Peter. Exercice 9 - Soulignez les quantificateurs présents dans des phrases suivantes avant de traduire ces dernières. 1- There are usually more suicides in April than in any other month. The fewest occur in December. 2- Little research has been done on the effects of aging. 3- In most developed countries, there has been little enthusiasm about this suggestion by the United Nations. 4- There s very little genetic research going on. 5- This has changed little. 6- We remember fewer words for less time with explicit memory tests. 7- We know rather little about the effectiveness of contraception campaigns. 8- Few of these children know about their rights, and even fewer question their meagre earnings. 9- There isn t much cake left in the fridge! Are there any sandwiches on the table? 10- It s surprising how little we know about what goes on in people s heads. Exercice 10- Traduisez les phrases suivantes, en prêtant une attention particulière aux quantificateurs. 1- Most universities are overcrowded. 2- The candidates were all women, most middle-aged or older. 3- Working today has assumed a more central place in most women s lives. 4- The problem of overcrowding is the most pressing. 5- They spend most of their working lives dealing with patients who are unhappy.